What is a shift schedule
To finally understand what a 2/2 work schedule is, you need to understand what a shift work schedule is. To put it simply, such a work schedule allows you to organize the uninterrupted operation of the enterprise. To organize such a schedule, it is necessary to form 3 teams of workers. Such an organization of work is provided for and clearly regulated by labor legislation, while the employer is obliged to include a clause on the corresponding procedure in the employment contract. It is worth noting that working days and weekends in such a schedule will not be the same and will differ from week to week.
The legislative framework
The format of work in the 2-by-2 mode - what is the work schedule, what are its features established by the legislator? Labor Code of the Russian Federation in Art. 103 allows for the installation of a shift regime if the process in the institution is to provide round-the-clock services. The head of the enterprise creates and regulates schedules. It is important to remember the prohibition on exceeding labor standards: during the week, an employee works the same as the standard working week of 40 hours (but in general, more is possible, you need to look at the accounting period, usually with this mode, summarized accounting of working hours).
Work activities in shift mode (this is a variant of what schedule 2/2 is called) include the following articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:
- Art. 102 - work in a flexible format;
- Art. 103 - shift schedule;
- Art. 104 — accounting of labor time;
- Art. 105 - permitted methods of redistributing labor time.
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Work 2 through 2
Today there are various options for shift work schedules. The most common work schedule is 2 through 2. This schedule involves working 2 days in a row, followed by 2 days off. Often, with such a work schedule, the work shift lasts not 8 as usual, but 12 hours, while in 7 days, the weekend is not 2 as usual, but 3 days. It is also worth noting that you will have to go to work both on weekdays and on weekends, and on public holidays, if a shift falls on them. And most importantly, even if the shift falls on a weekend or holiday, the shift is paid at the standard rate.
What should an employer consider when creating a schedule?
The introduction of a shift system at an enterprise implies its competent formation, which does not conflict with current legislation.
According to part 3 of Art. 111 of the Labor Code of Russia, during shift work, standard weekends (Saturday, Sunday, as well as holidays) can be working days.
When drawing up a shift work schedule, the general accounting of working hours is considered.
This system is used if the duration of work of employees does not coincide with the standard norm of 40 hours per week (Part 1 of Article 91 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
In most cases, the working day with a shift schedule is 12 hours. But there are exceptions.
The laws do not specifically define how many maximum hours a shift can last. However, it is worth focusing on the basic norms of the labor legislation of the Russian Federation.
- Firstly , the shift cannot exceed 24 hours - even the most resilient person, due to his capabilities, is not able to work longer.
- Secondly , any employee is guaranteed the right to rest, which follows from Art. 110 Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
- Thirdly , night shifts are paid higher than day shifts. Night time is the period from 22:00 to 6:00 (Article 96 of the Labor Code).
For some groups of people there are restrictions on the number of hours in one shift.
These include:
- minors (the amount of working time is indicated in the Labor Code);
- disabled people (time is set on the basis of a medical report);
- car drivers (this is stated in Article 329, Part 2 of the Labor Code of Russia on the basis of Section 2 of the Regulations by order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation No. 15 of August 20, 2008).
As for holidays, employees must go to work according to their own schedule, since red calendar dates are not transferred to non-working days.
This provision follows from paragraph 2 of clause 2 of the Procedure, approved by order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 588n dated August 13, 2009.
Employees work according to their own schedule, but they are entitled to additional payment, which follows from Art. 153 Labor Code of Russia. The amount of “cash incentive” is a single hourly or daily rate in addition to the salary.
In case of overtime (that is, exceeding the standard working hours), the employee is entitled to triple wages, that is, an additional payment in double the amount above the salary.
Some circumstances require a reduction in working time by 1 hour while maintaining payment for a full shift:
working day before the holiday;- night shift (any).
It is strictly forbidden to establish two shifts in a row without a break for one employee in a shift work system (Article 103 of the Labor Code of Russia).
The legislation does not indicate a specific duration of rest between shifts.
But you should focus on the basic provision - Article 110 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which states that the duration of continuous rest per week should be at least 42 hours.
The shift schedule is drawn up by HR department employees based on the provisions of the Labor Code.
The work and rest system schedule is attached to the employment contract.
The full schedule indicates the length of the working day, the order of rotation, as well as the time and number of breaks.
Changes in working hours must be notified to staff 30 calendar days before they come into force.
Who works shifts?
A shift schedule is often used for organizations that require constant round-the-clock work. Most often these are organizations:
- Emergency services. Fire brigade, police, ambulance, rescue services, emergency services. As well as any other organizations that require assistance 24/7.
- Large industrial enterprises where production cannot be stopped. The equipment in such production works without stopping for several years.
- Services sector. Hotels, restaurants, catering establishments, security services.
- Transport sector. First of all, airports and train stations, where downtime is not allowed.
- Trade. There are large hypermarkets, or convenience stores, and gas stations that operate around the clock.
Many organizations work on a shift schedule; the main thing is to adhere to labor laws. It is also worth considering that with a shift schedule, the number of working hours is increased; this is usually associated with stress on the body. Therefore, it is necessary to alternate night and day shifts, as well as take care of your health. But in general, this regime also has positive aspects, for example, a sliding schedule allows you to rest both on weekends and on weekdays, and is also guaranteed to have 3 days off a week. Therefore, everyone can earn effectively while working shifts.
We calculate the shift work schedule in our minds
There are many people who have shift work schedules. The problem with such a schedule is the difficulty of quickly calculating for any date which day it is: a working day or a weekend. There are many online services for calculating a shift schedule, but it’s even easier to do it in your head. This article will discuss a mental calculation algorithm for any shift schedule. As in the article “Calculating the day of the week in your head,” the algorithm will be based on month offsets.
This article will look at the 3/3 work schedule. Those. “week” in our case will last 6 days:
Working day 1 Working day 2 Working day 3 Weekend 1 Weekend 2 Weekend 3 The most important thing is not to make a mistake when calculating the offset for the first month of the year. All subsequent months will depend on this.
For example, let the first working day of the year be January 2, i.e.
January 2, 3 and 4 are working days, respectively 5, 6, 7 are days off. In my case it was like this
: December 31 - Working day 1 January 3 - Working day 2 January 4 - Working day 3 Therefore, to simplify the calculations, let’s assume that January 2, 3, 4 are working days. This is important for calculating the offset for January. From the above we get the calendar for January:
where green cells are weekdays, red cells are weekends.
The number of days in the line is equal to the number of days in our “week”, in our example it is 6.
January 1 – Day off 3; January 2 – Working day 1 (beginning of the “week”).
There are 5 empty yellow cells before the first day of the month, which means that the offset for January in our case will be equal to 5.
Continuing, we get the calendar for February (non-leap year):
As we can see, the offset for February is 0, since the month begins on the first working day.
Next for March:
The offset for March is 4, and for April it is 5, since the first of April falls on the 6th day of the “week”, and there will be 5 empty squares in front of it.
Next we count until the month we need.
In my case, the offsets for the first 6 months will be: 5, 0, 4, 5, 5, 5 – January, February, March, April, May and June. Remembering 6 numbers is not difficult.
To calculate whether it is a working day or a weekend, you need to add the month offset to the date and find the remainder of division by the length of the “week”:
$$display$$Remainder = (date+offset\;month) \% (duration\;week")$$display$$
Depending on the balance, we determine the day:
1, 2 and 3 – working days 4, 5 and 0 – weekends
For example, for February 23: 23 (date) + 0 (February offset) = 23. The remainder is 23% 6 = 5, this is the second day off.
For March 8: 8 (date) + 4 (offset for March) = 12. 12% 6 = 0. This means that March 8 is the last day off, March 9 is the last day of work.
Another example to reinforce:
April 22 + 5 (offset for April) = 27, the remainder of division by 6 is 3 - the last working day.
The disadvantage of the algorithm is the violation of the schedule after vacation: the table of offsets must be recalculated or vacation taken in such a way that the schedule is not violated. For example, if you take a vacation after 3 working days for “the number of consecutive working days” * “odd number”
days (3, 9, 15, 21 days of vacation), then the schedule discussed in the article will not be violated.
Using this algorithm, you can calculate any day in your head in a few seconds, no calendars or online services required.
Features of shift work
There are a few key features to consider:
- The work schedule provides for two consecutive working days, and then two days of rest. After two days off, two working days follow again, and so on. Thus, working hours can fall on any day of the week.
- Notification that the company has a 2-by-2 schedule is, as the law says, the employer’s responsibility. The employee is notified of the application of such a labor regime when concluding an employment contract. The employer has the right to establish any working schedule, but be sure to inform all employees about this.
- Under this working time regime, working hours are allowed to exceed 8 hours. And this is not recognized as overtime if the balance of working time and rest for the accounting period is maintained. For example, if the accounting period at an enterprise is a month, then the employee will work no more than 175 hours in April, and 14 in May. Another accounting period is allowed: a quarter or a year. But time exceeding the normal working hours is already considered overtime and is paid at an increased rate.
- It is not allowed to assign an employee two shifts in a row: if an employee’s work schedule is set two after two, then it cannot be assigned to both day and night shifts on the same day. This prohibition may not be violated, even if the employee does not object to the establishment of such working hours.
Night shift
As a rule, the working day begins at 8 am or, accordingly, in the evening. An employee does not have the right to voluntarily change the schedule without agreeing with the employer. You can only work on your own shift.
The employer must monitor the uniform rotation of teams: each team works in turns on night and day shifts.
Labor organization algorithms may be different. So, an employee can work during the day, then in the evening or immediately at night. A format of 2 days during the day, 2 days at night is possible.
