Calculation of the percentage of deviations of the actual cost from the accounting cost of materials

Account 16 in accounting

When acquiring inventory items as part of business activities by companies and organizations, it may happen that the actual value differs from the accounting value.

Companies use the so-called standard cost of material assets in the process of moving them, since at that time their actual cost has not been fully formed. In a situation where the valuation does not coincide with the market value, the deviations that occur are accumulated at the specified position. The indicated amounts are part of the enterprises' expenses.

The sixteenth position of the Chart of Accounts is active-passive. Its debit part takes into account the amount representing the positive difference between the market and actual cost of a given category of goods. If it so happens that the company saved money by purchasing inventory and materials at prices lower than their cost estimate, then the savings are taken into account in the credit part.

The designated account is designed to reflect both single deviations and accumulate the cost difference in inventory. This position does not provide for the creation of subaccounts.

Types of cost

The cost can be:

planned;
actual.

The essence of the concepts of these types of costs is presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Planned and actual costs

Type of cost	Essence
Planned cost	Planned cost is understood as an average indicator of the expected costs of performing work, services or producing products for a certain planned period. This type of cost is planned based on existing average standards for resource consumption (fuel, energy, materials, raw materials, labor costs, etc.) and certain, established expense standards for general production and general business expenses. The planning period when forming the planned cost can be a quarter or a year.
Actual cost	Actual cost is understood as the totality of expenses actually incurred for the manufacture of products or performance of work (rendering services). This type of cost is formed on the basis of actual production costs incurred.

Reflection of cost differences in transactions

If the organization adheres to accounting prices, then in the case of purchasing inventory items, all costs for this purchase are reflected in the following entries:

Dt 15

Kt 60, 76, 71, 20, 23, etc.

After this, the purchased materials are received, which is recorded in the following accounting entry:

Dt 10.41

Kt 15.

In a situation where a difference is formed between the calculated and actual cost of purchased inventory, it is necessary to make the following accounting entries:

Dt 16

Kt 15.

The amount that was taken into account in the debit part of account 16 should subsequently be written off to the debit of those accounts where the inventory items themselves are accounted for. Let's assume that the materials were released into main production, which is reflected as:

Dt 20

Kt 10.

In this case, the resulting difference should be written off to account 20, i.e.:

Dt 20

Kt 16.

Thus, in the debit part of the transaction, accounts such as 25,26, 44, 91, etc. can be used.

It is quite natural that the resulting deviation can be both positive and negative. In the second scenario, the amount indicated in the 16th position should be indicated with a minus, i.e. reverse.

Account 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”

If the accounting price of inventories exceeds their actual cost, an entry is made for the amount of the excess:

Debit 15 Credit 16 – the excess of the book price of inventories over their actual cost is written off (savings).

If the accounting price of inventories is less than their actual cost, make the following entry:

Debit 16 Credit 15 – the excess of the actual cost of inventories over their book price (overexpenditure) is written off.

The debit balance of account 16 is written off at the end of the reporting month to those accounts to which consumed or sold inventories were written off, in proportion to the cost of inventories released into production or sold to customers.

The amount of deviations to be written off is calculated using the formula:

Debit balance of account 16 at the beginning of the month + Turnover of debit of account 16 for the month

Balance on the debit of account 10 (41) at the beginning of the month + Turnover on the debit of account 10 (41) for the month

Turnover on credit account 10 (41) per month

Sum of deviations

Deviations in the cost of materials released into production are written off to cost accounts (sales expenses):

Debit 20 (23, 25, 26, 44, ...) Credit 16 – the deviation in the cost of materials is written off.

The deviation in the cost of materials sold is written off to subaccount 91-2 “Other expenses”:

Debit 91-2 Credit 16 - the deviation in the cost of materials sold is written off.

The deviation for goods sold is written off to subaccount 90-2 “Cost of sales”:

Debit 90-2 Credit 16 - the deviation in the cost of goods sold is written off.

The credit balance on account 16 is reversed at the end of the reporting month in correspondence with those accounts to which inventories were written off, in proportion to the cost of inventories released into production or sold to customers.

Calculate the amount of deviations to be written off using the formula:

Credit balance on account 16 at the beginning of the month + Turnover on credit account 16 for the month

Balance on the debit of account 10 (41) at the beginning of the month + Turnover on the debit of account 10 (41) for the month

Turnover on credit account 10 (41) per month

Sum of deviations

The write-off of deviations for materials released into production is reflected by the entry:

Debit 20 (23, 25, 26, 44, ...) Credit 16 – the deviation in the cost of materials is reversed.

The deviation in the cost of materials sold is written off to subaccount 91-2 “Other expenses”:

Debit 91-2 Credit 16 - the deviation in the cost of materials sold is written off.

Deviations for goods sold, reflected at accounting (planned) prices, are written off to account 90-2 “Cost of sales”:

Debit 90-2 Credit 16 – the deviation in the cost of goods sold is reversed.

Methods for writing off deviations

Each company has the right to independently choose its preferred method of writing off the cost difference. In this regard, I would like to draw attention to the following existing ways to solve this situation:

writing off the resulting difference to accounts where production costs or costs in the circulation process are taken into account. A similar method is applicable if the share of such costs does not exceed 10% of the valuation of inventories;
write-off based on the share determined from the cost of inventories at accounting prices at the beginning of each month. In the event that this method significantly reduces the accuracy of the data, these data are subject to adjustment by the resulting amount in the next month. In this situation, you should be aware that the maximum value of materiality in a deviation is set at no more than 5%;
The indicated problem can be solved using the specific standard for such deviations from the accounting cost estimate of the inventory. If the actual price differs greatly from the standard price, then appropriate adjustments should be made to the indicators of identified deviations;
You can also write off the resulting deviation in full on a monthly basis to the value of the inventory used. Such an approach is possible only when the share of such deviations in the accounting price of materials does not exceed 5%.

Calculation of the percentage of deviations of the actual cost from the accounting cost of materials

Indicators	Book value	Deviations		Actual cost
Indicators	Book value	Sum	%	Actual cost
Materials (account 10/1; 10/2)
balance at the beginning of the month	259 000	—	—	259 000
· arrived within a month	198 600	39 200	—	237 800
Total	457 600	39 200	0,048	496 800
Fuel (account 10/3)
balance at the beginning of the month	156 000	—	—	156 000
· arrived within a month	—	—	—	—
Total	156 000	156 000
Household equipment (account 10/9)
balance at the beginning of the month	—	—	—	—
· arrived within a month	10 500	—	—	10 500
Total	10 500	10 500
Working clothes and various materials (count 10/11)
balance at the beginning of the month	190 000	—	—	190 000
arrived within a month	—	—	—	—
Total	190 000	—	—	190 000
Total	814 100	—	—	853 300

APPENDIX 2

List of write-offs of deviations of actual cost from the accounting cost of materials

Direction of materials use	To the debit of accounts	From account credit 10 (expense)
		Book value	Deviations		Actual cost
		Book value	%	sum	Actual cost
Sofa bed
sewing	20/1	113 100	0,048	5 429	118 529
assembly	20/1	1 000	0,048	48	1 048
Total	114 100	—	5 477	119 577
Armchair
sewing	20/2	147 900	0,048	7 099	154 999
assembly	20/2	3 000	0,048	144	3 144
Total	150 900	—	7 243	158 143
Correction of marriage	28	5 800	0,048	278	6 078
General production expenses	25	5 350	0,048	257	5 607
Transport workshop	23	100 000	0,048	4 800	104 800
Total	376 150	—	18 055	394 205

APPENDIX 3

Data for payroll calculation and deductions for December 2007.

Tab. No.	Employee's name	Place of work and position	Group	Salary rub.	bonus	Work (days)	Availability of dependents	Total accrued	Hold (NDFL)
Tab. No.	Employee's name	Place of work and position	Group	Salary rub.	bonus	Work (days)	Availability of dependents	Total accrued	Hold (NDFL)	1	Alexandrov V.P.	Director	AUP	25 000	10 000	22	3	35 000	4 550
2	Ivanov A.L.	Ch. accountant	AUP	25 000	10 000	22	1	35 000	4 550
3	Petrov S.K.	Transport engineer workshops	engineers	6 000	2 400	22	2	8 400	1 092
4	Sokolov A.P.	Main workshop engineer	engineers	6 500	2 600	22	0	9 100	1 183
5	Semenov T.V.	Transport forwarder workshops	MOP	3 000	1 200	22	4	4 200	546
6	Dedkova S.P.	Working sewing machine. study (sofas)	OP1	5 000	2 000	22	1	7 000	910
7	Prokhanova L.T.	Same	OP1	5 000	2 000	22	2	7 000	910
8	Others	Same	OP1	172 000	68 800	22	3	240 800	31 304
9	Komarova V.S.	Working sewing area (chairs)	OP2	5 000	2 000	22	4	7 000	910
10	Zubkova L.L.	Same	OP2	3 500	1 400	22	3	4 900	637
11	Polyakova P.I.	Working assembly area (sofas)	OP1	4 300	1 720	22	2	6 020	783
12	Zinovieva S.K.	Same	OP1	4 000	1 600	22	1	5 600	728
13	Others	Same	OP1	280 000	112 000	22	0	392 000	50 960
14	Turchin A.P.	Work fee. area (chairs)	OP2	4 100	1 640	22	1	5 740	746
15	Others	Same	OP2	250 000	100 000	22	0	350 000	45 500
16	Dimov S.S.	Working seamstress. plot (correction of defects)	OP	3 800	1 520	22	2	5 320	692
17	Zavyalov L.S.	Repair worker	MOP	4 300	1 720	22	3	6 020	783
18	Antonov P.A.	Transport driver workshops	MOP	4 700	1 880	22	3	6 580	855
19	Zaznobin K.A.	Worker servicing equipment (vacation – 24 days)	MOP	3 500	1 400	5	1	4 900	637
20	Kurakin A.D.	Financial Director (vacation – 15 days)	AUP	14 000	5 600	12	2	19 600	2 548

All employees received a bonus of 40% of their salary based on their performance results.

Statement of distribution of wages and contributions for social needs

To the debit of accounts	Accrued wages	Contributions for social needs
To the debit of accounts	Accrued wages	for social insurance (3.2%)	to the pension fund (_20_%)	on medical insurance (_2.8_%)	Total
20/1 sofas	658 420	21 069	131 684	18 436	171 189
20/2 seats	367 640	11 764	73 528	10 294	95 586
Total	1 026 060	32 834	205 212	28 730	266 776
28	5 320	170	1 064	149	1 383
25	50 220	1 607	10 044	1 406	13 057
23	6 580	211	1 316	184	1 711
26	107 933	3 454	21 587	3 022	28 063
Total	1 196 113	38 276	239 223	33 491	310 989

APPENDIX 4

Calculation of cost distribution of auxiliary production

Consumers	Volume of services, thousand t/km	Actual costs
Main workshop	15	181 819
Factory management	5	60 606
Total	20	242 425

APPENDIX 5

Calculation of distribution of overhead costs

Types of products	Basic salary for production workers	General production expenses
Sofas	658 420	226 832
Armchairs	367 640	126 655
Marriage	5 320	1 833
Total	1 031 380	355 320

Coef. distributor = (355320/1031380)*100=34.45

APPENDIX 6

Calculation of distribution of general business expenses

Check	Basic salary for production workers	General expenses (distribution coefficient)
20/1	658 420	243 997
20/2	367 640	136 240
Total	1 026 060	380 236

Coef. distributor = (380236/1026060)*100=37.06

APPENDIX 7

Calculation of production costs of sofas

Issue _1000__ (pieces) Production cost of the product _1407_ rub.

Expenditures	WIP	Expenses for the month (turnover in the debit of account 20-1)	Work in progress at the end of the month	Actual production production cost
Expenditures	at the beginning of the month		Work in progress at the end of the month	Actual production production cost
1. Materials, 10.16	60 000	119 577	27 000	152 577
2. Basic salary of production workers, 70	30 000	658 420	30 000	658 420
3. Contributions for social needs, 69	11 550	171 189	11 550	171 189
4. General production costs, 25	36 450	226 832	27 450	235 832
5. General expenses, 26	12 000	171 189	9 000	174 189
6. Others, 28	—	14 614	—	14 614
Production cost	150 000	1 361 821	105 000	1 406 821

APPENDIX 8

Calculation of production costs of chairs

Issue _3000_ (pieces). The production cost of the product is _286_ rub.

Expenditures	WIP	Expenses for the month (turnover in the debit of account 20-2)	Work in progress at the end of the month	Actual production production cost
Expenditures	at the beginning of the month		Work in progress at the end of the month	Actual production production cost
1. Materials	20 000	158 143	9 000	169 143
2. Basic wages for production workers	10 000	367 640	10 000	367 640
3. Contributions for social needs	3 850	95 586	3 850	95 586
4. General production expenses	12 150	126 655	9 150	129 655
5. General expenses	4 000	95 586	3 000	96 586
6. Other	—	—	—	—
Production cost	50 000	843 611	35 000	858 611

APPENDIX 9

Calculation of the actual production cost of shipped products

Indicators	Cost of products at selling prices	Actual cost
1. Balance of finished products at the beginning of the month	1 900 000	1 000 000
2. Received finished goods at the warehouse within a month	17 100 000	2 265 432
3. Total	19 000 000	3 265 432
4. Finished products shipped per month	18 780 000	2 546 797
5. Balance of finished products at the end of the month	220 000	718 636

APPENDIX 10

Calculation of advertising tax payments for the 4th quarter of 2007

Indicators	Amount, rub.
1. Actual advertising costs	295 000
2. Tax rate, 5%	0,05
3. Amount of payments (page 1 x page 2 / 100)	14 750
4. Amount of advance payments made for the quarter	—

APPENDIX 11

Calculation of property tax for December 2007

Indicators	Amount, rub.
1. Average annual value of property for the reporting period	260 000 000
2. Established property tax rate, 2.2%	0,022
3. Amount of property tax for the reporting period (page 1 x page 2 / 100)	5 720 000
4. Property tax accrued to the budget for the reporting period	4 400 000
5. Property tax is due for payment to the budget according to the due date (page 3 – page 4)	1 320 000

APPENDIX 12

Calculation of corporate income tax

Indicators	Line code	Sum
1	2	3
Income from sales	010	33 827 200
Non-operating income	020	1 400
Expenses that reduce the amount of income from sales	030	20 177 874
Non-operating expenses	040	1 601
Losses reflected in Appendix No. 3	050	⇐ Previous2 Recommended pages:

Reversal of balances at the end of the reporting period

As noted above, the actual cost of PMZ may exceed its accounting value. In this situation, a negative difference accumulates on the 16th count, i.e. a credit balance is formed.

At the end of the reporting period, these amounts must be reversed, for which the following entry is made:

Dt 20, 23, 25

Kt 16 REVERSE.

As a result of such entries, materials and raw materials are written off at actual cost.

Accounting for finished products at standard (planned) cost

Manufacturing organizations of mass and serial production, as a rule, use the standard method of accounting for finished products, since it is its use that allows the sales of products and their actual cost, which is determined only at the end of the month, to be correctly reflected in accounting.

If accounting for finished products is carried out at standard (planned) production costs, then the organization sets accounting prices for products that remain constant for quite a long time and at which the products are delivered to the warehouse within a month and written off from the warehouse when they are sold or otherwise disposed of. . At the end of the month, when all costs have been generated and the amount of work in progress has been determined, the difference between the planned and actual costs is determined. You can keep records of these deviations in two ways - with and without the use of account 40 “Output of products (works, services)”.

If account 40 “Release of products (works, services)” is not used, then when finished products arrive at the warehouse during the month, the following posting is made: DEBIT 43 “Finished products” CREDIT 20 “Main production”

Finished products have been accepted for accounting at planned accounting prices.

When selling products within a month, the write-off of its cost is reflected by the following posting: DEBIT 90 “Sales” subaccount “Cost of sales” CREDIT 43 “Finished products”

The cost of products sold was written off at planned accounting prices.

At the end of the month, the actual cost of production is determined, and the amount of deviations of the actual cost from the planned one is reflected in the same accounts with additional entries if the actual cost exceeds the planned one, or reversal entries if the actual cost is less than the planned one. In this case, an adjustment is made to the cost of products accepted for accounting - for the entire amount of the deviation and the cost of products sold - in the share attributable to products sold. Example Within a month, the warehouse of an organization that produces trailers for passenger cars received finished products, the planned cost of which was 75,000 rubles. The cost of products sold at planned prices was 50,000 rubles. The total amount of expenses recorded in the debit of account 20 “Main production” during the month is 90,000 rubles. a) Suppose that the balance of work in progress at the end of the month is 18,000 rubles. Then, the actual cost of the finished product: 90,000 rubles - 18,000 rubles = 72,000 rubles. The amount of deviation of the actual cost from the planned cost is: 75,000 rubles - 72,000 rubles = 3,000 rubles. The actual cost is less than the planned cost, so the amount of savings must be reversed. The amount of deviation attributable to sold products: (3,000 rubles / 75,000 rubles) x 50,000 rubles = 2,000 rubles. The amount of deviation attributable to the balance of finished products in the warehouse: (3,000 rubles / 75,000 rubles) x 25,000 rubles = 1,000 rubles. Actual cost of products sold: 50,000 rubles - 2,000 rubles = 48,000 rubles. Balance of finished products in the warehouse (at actual cost): 72,000 - 48,000 = 24,000 rubles. These transactions are reflected in the organization’s accounting as follows:

Account correspondence		Amount, rubles	Contents of operation
Debit	Credit	Amount, rubles	Contents of operation
Within a month
43	20	75 000	Finished products were accepted into the warehouse at planned prices
90-2	43	50 000	The cost of products sold was written off at planned accounting prices.
In the end of the month
20	02, 10, 70, 69, 25, 26	90 000	Production costs taken into account
43	20	3000	REVERSE! The amount of deviation of the actual cost from the planned cost is taken into account
90-2	43	2000	REVERSE! The amount of deviation of the actual cost from the planned cost in the share of products sold is taken into account

b) Suppose that the balance of work in progress at the end of the month is 12,000 rubles. Then, the actual cost of finished products:

90,000 rubles - 12,000 rubles = 78,000 rubles. The amount of deviation of the actual cost from the planned cost is: 78,000 rubles - 75,000 rubles = 3,000 rubles. The actual cost is higher than the planned cost, so additional entries need to be made for the amount of overrun. The amount of deviation attributable to sold products: (3,000 rubles / 75,000 rubles) x 50,000 rubles = 2,000 rubles. The amount of deviation attributable to the balance of finished products in the warehouse: (3,000 rubles / 75,000 rubles) x 25,000 = 1,000 rubles. Actual cost of products sold: 50,000 rubles + 2,000 rubles = 52,000 rubles. Balance of finished products in the warehouse (at actual cost): 78,000 rubles - 52,000 rubles = 26,000 rubles. These transactions are reflected in the organization’s accounting as follows:

Account correspondence		Amount, rubles	Contents of operation
Debit	Credit	Amount, rubles	Contents of operation
Within a month
43	20	75 000	Finished products were accepted into the warehouse at planned prices
90-2	43	50 000	The cost of products sold was written off at planned accounting prices.
In the end of the month
20	02, 10, 70, 69, 25, 26	90 000	Production costs taken into account
43	20	3000	The amount of deviation of the actual cost from the planned cost is taken into account
90-2	43	2000	The amount of deviation of the actual cost from the planned cost in the share of products sold is taken into account

Please note that this method is a simplified version of calculating deviations, since in this case there was no balance of finished products in the warehouse at the beginning of the month. In cases where there are balances of finished products at the beginning and end of the month, in order to correctly reflect and distribute deviations, it is advisable to use the calculation method, the principle of which is specified in paragraph 206 of Order No. 119n. If accounting for finished products is carried out at standard cost or at contract prices, then the difference between the actual cost and the cost of finished products at accounting prices is taken into account in the “Finished Products” account under a separate subaccount “Deviations of the actual cost of finished products from the accounting cost.” Deviations in this subaccount are taken into account by product range, either by individual groups of finished products, or by the organization as a whole. The excess of the actual cost over the accounting value is reflected in the debit of the specified subaccount and the credit of the cost accounting accounts. If the actual cost is lower than the book value, then the difference is reflected in a reversal entry. Write-off of finished products (during shipment, issue, etc.) can be carried out at book value. At the same time, deviations related to finished products sold are written off to sales accounts (determined in proportion to their accounting value). Deviations related to the balances of finished products remain in the “Finished Products” account (in the subaccount “Deviations of the actual cost of finished products from the book value”). Regardless of the method used to determine accounting prices, the total cost of finished goods (accounting cost plus variances) must equal the actual production cost of those products.

Example The balance of finished products in the organization’s warehouse, the beginning of the month is 240,000 rubles at planned prices, the amount of deviations is 5,000 rubles (overexpenditure). Within a month, finished products arrived at the warehouse at planned prices in the amount of 750,000 rubles. The amount of costs for the production of finished products, recorded on account 20 “Main production”, amounted to 900,000 rubles, the balance of work in progress - 120,000 rubles. The planned cost of products sold is 500,000 rubles. Actual cost of finished products: 900,000 rubles -

120,000 rubles = 780,000 rubles.

The amount of deviations for finished products transferred to the warehouse: 780,000 rubles - 750,000 rubles = 30,000 rubles. Percentage of deviations for shipped products: (5,000 rubles + 30,000 rubles) / (240,000 rubles + 750,000 rubles) x x 100% = 3.54% Amount of deviations attributable to shipped products: 500,000 rubles x 3.54% = 17,700 rubles. Actual cost of shipped products: 500,000 + 17,700 = 517,700 rubles. Balance of finished products at the end of the month at actual cost: (240,000 + 5,000) + (750,000 + 30,000) - (500,000 + 17,700) = = 507,300 rubles, including: planned cost: 240,000 + 750 000 - 500,000 = 490,000 rubles; amount of deviations: 5000 + 30,000 - 17,700 = 17,300 rubles.

Account correspondence		Amount, rubles	Contents of operation
Debit	Credit	Amount, rubles	Contents of operation
43	20	750 000	Finished products were accepted into the warehouse at planned cost
43	20	30 000	The deviation of the actual cost from the planned cost for finished products accepted for accounting is reflected
90-2	43	500 000	The planned cost of shipped products was written off
90-2	43	17 700	The deviation of the actual cost from the planned cost for products sold was written off

We examined the accounting of finished products at standard (planned cost) without using account 40 “Output of products (works, services)”. However, for convenience and clarity in identifying deviations of the actual cost from the planned cost, the organization can use account 40 “Output of products (works, services)”. In this case, the debit of account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” takes into account the actual production cost of products in correspondence with the production cost accounts, and the credit of account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” reflects the planned cost of finished products, which written off to the debit of account 43 “Finished products”. At the end of the month, when the actual cost of production is fully formed, by comparing the debit and credit turnover of account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” the amount of deviations of the actual cost from the planned one is determined. The instructions for using the Chart of Accounts provide for the following procedure for writing off deviation amounts: a) if the credit turnover on account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” is greater than the debit turnover, that is, the actual cost is less than the planned cost and savings are identified, then an accounting statement is made for the amount of the deviation posting made using the “red reversal” method: Debit 90 “Sales” subaccount “Cost of sales” Credit 40 “Output of products (works, services)”. b) if the debit turnover in account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” is greater than the credit one, that is, the actual cost exceeds the planned one (overexpenditure), a regular accounting entry is made for the amount of the deviation: Debit 90 “Sales” subaccount “Cost of sales” Credit 40 “Release of products (works, services).” Thus, account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” is closed monthly and there is no balance on this account. Please note that deviation amounts are written off to account 90 “Sales” in full, regardless of the volume of product sales and thus increase or decrease the cost of products sold in the reporting period. The balance of finished products in the warehouse in this case is taken into account at the planned cost. Example The balance of finished products in the organization’s warehouse at the beginning of the month is 240,000 rubles at planned prices. Within a month, finished products arrived at the warehouse at planned prices in the amount of 750,000 rubles. The amount of costs for the production of finished products, recorded on account 20 “Main production”, amounted to 900,000 rubles, the balance of work in progress - 120,000 rubles. The planned cost of products sold is 500,000 rubles.

Account correspondence		Amount, rubles	Contents of operation
Debit	Credit	Amount, rubles	Contents of operation
20	10, 70, 69, 25, 26	900 000	Costs of the current period are reflected
40	20	780 000	The actual production cost of finished products is reflected (900,000 rubles -120,000 rubles)
43	40	750 000	Finished products were accepted for accounting at planned accounting prices
90-2	43	500 000	Planned cost of goods sold is written off
90-2	40	30 000	Included in the cost of products sold (780,000 rubles - 750,000 rubles) is the amount of the identified deviation (overspend)

The balance of finished products in the organization's warehouse at planned prices: 240,000 rubles + 750,000 rubles - 500,000 rubles = 490,000 rubles.

Posting examples

Let's consider a practical example that clearly shows the reflection of cost deviations of inventory items.

Let’s imagine a situation in which a certain trading enterprise purchased auto parts in the amount of 250 units at a price of 970 rubles. for each. The total cost of the batch ultimately amounted to 242,500 rubles, the amount of VAT was 43,650 rubles. At the same time, the accounting cost of these parts is 1,015 rubles.

In this case, the accounting entries should be as follows:

Dt 10

Kt 15 – 253,750 rubles, cost of auto parts at discount prices;

Dt 15

Kt 60 – 198,850 rubles, actual cost of goods;

Dt 19

Kt 60 – RUB 43,650, tax reflected;

Dt 15

Kt 16 – 11,250 rubles, write-off of the difference between the accounting and actual cost.