The legal topic is very complex, but in this article we will try to answer the question “Mobile Phone Accounting for the Needs of the Organization in 2021.” Of course, if you still have questions, you can consult with lawyers online for free directly on the website.
If a mobile phone is registered as an inventory item, then the costs of its purchase are written off as expenses at a time when the phone is transferred to an employee of the organization. At the same time, at the time the cost of the phone is written off, it must be put on off-balance sheet accounting, where it will be listed until the moment it is written off.
Mobile Phone Accounting for Organizational Needs in 2021
In tax accounting, expenses for the purchase of a mobile phone used for the production purposes of the enterprise are accepted in full (under OSNO - at the time the phone is issued to the employee or at the time of commissioning, under the simplified tax system - at the time of payment). Input VAT by taxpayers under the basic taxation regime is also fully deductible.
Mobile phone accounting
Using a mobile phone is not possible without a SIM card, the cost of SIM cards is reflected in the material costs of the organization; if when buying a SIM card, the fee for it is credited to the phone balance, then this amount must be put towards an advance payment for communication services.
In accordance with clause 5 of PBU 6/01, a cost criterion is established in accounting, which allows assets that meet the criteria of fixed assets (clause 4 of PBU 6/01) to be taken into account not as fixed assets, but as inventories. However, this cost limit is not 100,000 rubles, but 40,000 rubles. At the same time, this criterion may be lowered in the Accounting Policy for accounting purposes. And if desired, all objects that meet the conditions for recognizing them as fixed assets can be accounted for in account 01 “Fixed Assets”, regardless of their cost (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n).
Recognition of fixed assets as depreciable in accounting and tax accounting depends, among other things, on their cost. We will tell you about the features of accounting for fixed assets up to 100,000 rubles in 2021 for accounting and profit tax purposes in our consultation.
Accounting for fixed assets worth up to 100,000 rubles
In any case, it is important to take into account that fixed assets worth more than 40,000 rubles cannot be reflected in accounting as materials, even if this is provided for in the Accounting Policy. Therefore, fixed assets from 40,000 to 100,000 cannot be accounted for by the organization in account 10 “Materials”. At the same time, when we say “from 40,000,” we mean more than 40,000, since an object with an initial cost of exactly 40,000 rubles can still be taken into account as inventories.
All government institutions are required to prepare budget estimates for 2021 according to the new rules. The procedure came into force on March 25, 2021. But it should have been used only when drawing up budget estimates for 2021 (Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 26n).
Officials did not limit themselves to introducing new codes, but completely changed the procedure for applying BC and KOSGU. Thus, from 01.01.2021, Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 209n comes into force, establishing a new procedure for the application of KOSGU.
Budget estimates
It is worth noting that previously, reporting was considered compiled only after the paper version of the accounting report was signed by the head of the institution. In 2021, a paper report is not required, only an electronic format is required.
The organization purchased a cell phone for the chief physician for official calls; in this case, will the cell phone be the main means? Who should deliver it directly to the chief physician or the employee to whom the production and business equipment is assigned?
Accounting for mobile (cellular) communications expenses
Almost all organizations use mobile (cellular) communications to carry out business activities.
In this material, we will consider the procedure for accounting for costs associated with the use of mobile (cellular) communications in the activities of an organization that has entered into a bilateral agreement with a mobile operator, under which communication services are provided directly to the organization (subscriber).
Situation 1
The organization purchased cell phones.
Let's analyze how to keep records of purchased cell phones.
When classifying purchased cell phones as fixed assets or individual items as part of assets in circulation, the following must be taken into account.
According to clause 4 of the Instructions for accounting of fixed assets, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Finance dated April 30, 2012 No. 26 (hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 26), the organization accepts for accounting as fixed assets assets that have a tangible form, while simultaneously meeting the following conditions confessions:
· assets are intended for use in the activities of the organization, incl. in the production of products, when performing work, providing services, for the management needs of the organization, as well as for provision for temporary use (temporary possession and use), except for cases established by law;
· the organization expects to receive economic benefits from the use of assets;
· assets are intended to be used for a period of more than 12 months;
· the organization does not intend to alienate assets within 12 months from the date of acquisition;
· the original cost of assets can be reliably determined.
Cell phones meet the above conditions and can be included in property, plant and equipment.
At the same time, clause 3 of Instruction No. 26 provides that Instruction No. 26 does not apply to inventories.
The methodological basis and procedure for the formation in accounting of information on inventories in commercial and non-profit organizations (with the exception of banks, non-bank financial institutions, budgetary organizations), for individual entrepreneurs who have decided to maintain accounting records, are determined by the Instructions for accounting of inventories, approved Resolution of the Ministry of Finance dated November 12, 2010 No. 133 (hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 133).
According to clause 3 of Instruction No. 133, reserves include
incl. inventory, household supplies, tools, equipment and fixtures, replacement equipment, special (protective), uniform and branded clothing and shoes, temporary (non-title) structures and fixtures (individual items as part of funds in circulation).
At the same time, paragraph seven of clause 4 of Instruction No. 133 stipulates that Instruction No. 133 does not apply to, incl. inventory, household supplies, tools, equipment and devices, which, in accordance with the accounting policies of the organization, are classified as fixed assets.
Thus, based on the norms of Instructions No. 26 and No. 133, in accordance with the accounting policy of the organization, cell phones can be classified not only as fixed assets, but also as inventories (individual items as part of funds in circulation). The accounting procedure for cell phones must be fixed in the accounting policy.
It is worth recalling that the selection of depreciable property from the entire composition of the organization’s property (including the classification of similar objects as fixed and current assets), the distribution of depreciable objects by type, group and position based on the classification of depreciable fixed assets, as well as the selection of the standard service life of these objects is carried out by the commission on the implementation of depreciation policy in the organization (Appendix 1 to the Instructions on the procedure for calculating depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Construction and Architecture dated February 27, 2009 No. 37/18/6; hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 37/18/6).
When classifying fixed assets, it is necessary to be guided by the standard service life of fixed assets established by Resolution of the Ministry of Economy dated September 30, 2011 No. 161.
Cell phones, when classified as fixed assets, are coded 70034, with a standard service life of 3 years.
When classifying cell phones as fixed assets, the organization’s accounting records must include the following entries:
DEBIT 08 “Investments in long-term assets” – CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”, etc. – reflects the actual costs associated with the purchase of cell phones;
DEBIT 01 “Fixed assets” – CREDIT 08 “Investments in long-term assets” – reflects the generated initial cost of cell phones.
Fixed assets are accepted for accounting according to the account. 01 “Fixed assets” at original cost on the basis of an act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets in the form in accordance with Appendix 1 to the resolution of the Ministry of Finance dated 04/22/2011 No. 23 “On establishing the forms of an act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets, an act of acceptance and transfer of intangible assets and approval of the Instructions on the procedure for filling out the act of acceptance and transfer of fixed assets and the act of acceptance and transfer of intangible assets.”
The transfer of the cost of cell phones used in business activities to expenses for current activities and expenses taken into account when taxing profits will be reflected by calculating depreciation in accordance with Instruction No. 37/18/6 by recording:
DEBIT 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”, etc. – CREDIT 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”.
Note that, according to Appendix 3 to Instruction No. 37/18/6, the range of useful life of production and household equipment is from 0.5 to 1.5 standard service life. Thus, for cell phones, the useful life will be from 1.5 (3 years × 0.5) to 4.5 (3 years × 1.5) years.
When classifying cell phones as separate items as part of funds in circulation in the organization’s accounting, the following entries must be made:
DEBIT 10 “Materials” subaccount “Inventory and household supplies, tools in warehouse” – CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”, etc. – reflects the actual costs associated with the purchase of cell phones;
DEBIT 10 “Materials” subaccount “Inventory and household supplies, tools in use” – CREDIT 10 “Materials” subaccount “Inventory and household supplies, tools in warehouse” - cell phones put into operation.
The transfer of the cost of cell phones included in the composition of individual items as part of funds in circulation, as part of expenses for current activities and expenses taken into account when taxing profits, is carried out in the manner prescribed by the accounting policy of the organization (clause 107 of Instruction No. 133), and is reflected in accounting of the organization as follows:
DEBIT 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”, etc. – CREDIT 10 “Materials” subaccount “Inventory and household supplies, tools in use”.
In its accounting policy, an organization can stipulate the cost of individual items as part of funds in circulation, for which the law does not define a specific method for writing them off, and transfer to the costs of production and sales of products, works, services, expenses for the sale of goods in the following order:
· in equal parts for the period of the expected service life of the items;
· in the amount of 50% of the cost of items when they are transferred from warehouses to operation and 50% of the cost (minus the cost of these items at the price of possible use) when they are removed from service due to unsuitability; for items up to 2 basic values - write off at a time as they are transferred into operation (financially responsible persons account for these items in quantitative terms);
· in the amount of 100% (minus the cost of these items at the price of possible use) when they are removed from service due to unsuitability; for items up to 2 basic values, write off at a time as they are transferred into operation (financially responsible persons account for these items in quantitative terms);
· in the amount of 100% when transferring them from the warehouse to operation (financially responsible persons account for these items in quantitative terms);
· in another way.
Situation 2
The organization rents cell phones.
Let's look at how to keep track of leased cell phones and rental fees.
Organizations can rent cell phones most often from employees.
Clause 13 of Instruction No. 26 stipulates that fixed assets received for free use, for rent (with the exception of financial lease (leasing) in accordance with the law), are accounted for on an off-balance sheet account. 001 “Leased fixed assets.”
Clause 79 of the Instruction on the procedure for applying the standard chart of accounts, approved by the Ministry of Finance Resolution No. 50 dated June 29, 2011 (hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 50), stipulates that the off-balance sheet account. 001 “Leased fixed assets” is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of fixed assets received for rent for free use. Fixed assets are accounted for on an off-balance sheet account. 001 “Leased fixed assets” at the cost specified in the lease agreements for free use.
Analytical accounting on an off-balance sheet account. 001 “Leased fixed assets” is maintained by lessors, lenders and individual fixed assets.
When reflecting rent in accounting, it is necessary to take into account the norms of the Instructions on accounting of income and expenses, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Finance dated September 30, 2011 No. 102 (hereinafter referred to as Instruction No. 102), and Instructions No. 50.
Administrative expenses include (clause 10 of Instruction No. 102):
• in an organization carrying out industrial and other production activities - semi-fixed indirect costs associated with managing the organization, recorded on the account. 26 “General business expenses” and written off in full when determining financial results in the debit of the account. 90 “Income and expenses for current activities” (subaccount 90-5 “Administrative expenses”), except for cases established by law;
• in an organization carrying out trade, trade and production activities - expenses associated with managing the organization, taken into account on the account. 44 and written off in full when determining financial results in the debit of the account. 90 (subaccount 90-5 “Administrative expenses”);
• in an organization that is a professional participant in the securities market – expenses for carrying out current activities.
Account 73 “Settlements with personnel for other transactions” is used to summarize information on settlements with employees, except for settlements for wages, settlements for payment of dividends to employees and other income from participation in the authorized capital of the organization, settlements with accountable persons (clause 57 of Instruction No. 50).
Account 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” is intended to summarize information on settlements with various debtors and creditors for property and personal insurance, for claims, for amounts withheld from employees’ wages in favor of other persons, and for other settlements (clause 59 Instructions No. 50).
According to Art. 130 of the Tax Code (hereinafter referred to as the Tax Code), the costs of production and sale of goods (work, services), property rights, taken into account for taxation (hereinafter referred to as the costs of production and sale of goods (work, services), represent a valuation of the materials used in the production process and sales of goods (works, services), property rights of natural resources, raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, fixed assets, intangible assets, labor resources and other expenses for their production and sale, reflected in accounting.
Costs for the production and sale of goods (work, services) are recognized as economically justified costs determined on the basis of accounting documents (if necessary, by making calculated adjustments to accounting data within the framework of tax accounting), unless otherwise established by the Tax Code, as well as adjustments determined taking into account the provisions of Art. 301 NK. Such costs are reflected in the reporting period to which they relate (accrual principle), regardless of the time (term) of payment (preliminary or subsequent).
Thus, if the property (cell phones) for which rent is paid is used in the activities of an organization for the production and sale of goods (work, services), property rights, then the rent should be reflected by recording:
DEBIT 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses” – CREDIT 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” (when renting from employees), 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (when renting from other persons) –
and taken into account when taxing profits.
Situation 3
The organization has entered into a bilateral agreement with a mobile operator, under which communication services are provided directly to the organization (subscriber).
Let's consider how expenses on communication services are taken into account when taxing profits, whether all expenses can be taken into account when taxing profits, and whether it is necessary to set limits within which expenses on communication services can be taken into account when taxing profits.
Operating expenses include expenses that form:
· cost of sold products, goods, works, services;
· administrative expenses;
· sales costs;
· other expenses for current activities (clause 8 of Instruction No. 102).
According to paragraphs 1 and 2 of Art. 130 Tax Code, costs for the production and sale of goods (work, services), property rights, taken into account for taxation, represent the valuation of natural resources, raw materials, materials, fuel, energy used in the production and sale of goods (work, services), property rights , fixed assets, intangible assets, labor resources and other expenses for their production and sale, reflected in accounting.
Costs for the production and sale of goods (work, services) are recognized as economically justified costs determined on the basis of accounting documents (if necessary, by making calculated adjustments to accounting data within the framework of tax accounting), unless otherwise established by the Tax Code, as well as adjustments determined taking into account the provisions of Art. 301 NK. Such costs are reflected in the reporting period to which they relate (accrual principle), regardless of the time (term) of payment (preliminary or subsequent).
Thus, all documented and justified production costs for communication services are included in the organization’s expenses by recording:
DEBIT 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”, etc. – CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” –
and are taken into account when taxing profits.
Undocumented expenses for communication services, expenses not justified by production necessity, are not included in cost accounts and are not taken into account when taxing profits. Such expenses may
- deducted from employees' wages. Records are made:
DEBIT 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” – CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”;
DEBIT 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” – CREDIT 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”;
• reimbursed by employees. Records are made:
DEBIT 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” – CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”;
DEBIT 50 “Cash”, 51 “Settlement accounts” – CREDIT 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations”;
• or be debited to the account. 90 “Income and expenses for current activities” subaccount 90-10 “Other expenses for current activities” (in this case, the employee’s income in kind arises, subject to taxation in the prescribed manner) with entries:
DEBIT 90 “Income and expenses for current activities” subaccount 90-10 “Other expenses for current activities” – CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” (for the amount of expenses for communication services made for personal purposes), 69 “Settlements for social insurance and security" (for the amount of contributions to the Social Security Fund 34%), 76 "Settlements with various debtors and creditors" (for the amount of contributions to Belgosstrakh);
DEBIT 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages”, 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” - CREDIT 68 “Settlements for taxes and fees” (income tax is withheld if the income in question is not exempt under subclause 1.19, clause 1 of Art. 163 Tax Code), 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” (contributions to the Social Security Fund are withheld at 1%).
There are no restrictions on including as expenses for accounting purposes and expenses for taxation purposes the cost of mobile communication services related to production activities.
Documents confirming the production nature of the expenses incurred can be transcripts (details) for each subscriber number, which contain information about the calls made. In such transcripts (details) or in separate documents, employees can make appropriate notes, allowing the accounting department to divide expenses into production and non-production.
We note that according to sub. 2.16 clause 2 art. 93 of the Tax Code, turnover for reimbursement by employees of the cost of calls made for personal purposes is not subject to VAT. At the same time, the amount of “input” VAT on such expenses on the basis of sub-clause. 19.9 clause 19 art. 107 Tax Code are not subject to deduction. Such amounts of VAT are charged to the cost of communication services on the basis of clause 4 of Art. 106 NK.
With regard to income tax, paragraph 2 of the letter of the Ministry of Taxation dated October 5, 2015 No. 2-2-10/1843 “On the application of tax legislation”, the following is explained.
According to paragraphs 3 and 4 of Instruction No. 102, the following are not recognized, respectively:
· income of the organization received from other persons under commission agreements, mandates and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal, etc.;
· expenses of the organization for the disposal of assets under commission agreements, mandates and other similar agreements in favor of the principal, principal, etc.
Based on the above legislation, when using communication services in the business activities of an organization, the costs of paying for these communication services are taken into account when taxing profits. Expenses for payment for communication services consumed by individuals for personal purposes without appropriate compensation are not subject to accounting for income tax purposes.
In cases where, based on the terms of a subscription agreement concluded by an organization acting as a client, with a company providing GSM telecommunication services, the client organization pays for communication services in favor of subscribers - individuals, who, in turn, compensate for the cost of data services to the client organization, the cost of compensated communication services and the amount of compensation received are not, respectively, expenses and income in accordance with accounting rules and are not taken into account when taxing profits.
If, under the terms of the contract, the organization acts as a subscriber and the provision of communication services is carried out to the subscriber, and the organization’s employees reimburse the cost of communication services in terms of their use for personal (non-production) purposes, the amounts of such compensation are included in non-operating income on the basis of clause. 3.7 clause 3 art. 128 of the Tax Code, and the cost of communication services is included by the organization in non-operating expenses on the basis of sub-clause. 3.27 clause 3 art. 129 of the Tax Code in the reporting period in which non-operating income includes revenues for reimbursement of these expenses, and within the limits of the amounts of such reimbursement.
Note that in practice there are cases when an organization pays for mobile communication services in accordance with an agreement concluded with a telecom operator, if the conversations are of a production nature and are documented. However, in order to save money, organizations set limits for employee conversations, and the organization deducts the amount of expenses for communication services in excess of the limits from employees’ salaries.
In such situations, the organization unlawfully deducts expenses for industrial cellular communication services from employees’ wages.
Taking into account the above norms of Instruction No. 102 and the Tax Code, documented and justified expenses for cellular communication services of a production nature are included in the expenses of the organization and are taken into account when taxing profits. The following is recorded in accounting:
DEBIT 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”, etc. - CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”.
Such organizations should make corrections to their accounting and tax records (assuming for the current year).
Correction of errors in accounting is formalized by an accounting statement containing information established by the legislation of the Republic of Belarus for primary accounting documents.
An error made in the reporting year and identified before its end is corrected in the month of the reporting year in which the error was identified by an additional or reversal entry(s) in the relevant accounting accounts. Income or expense arising as a result of correcting this error are reflected as part of the income or expenses of the reporting year (clauses 9 and 10 of the National Accounting and Reporting Standard “Accounting policies of the organization, changes in accounting estimates, errors”, approved by the resolution of the Ministry of Finance dated 10.12. 2013 No. 80).
In the month in which the error was discovered, based on the organization’s accounting statement drawn up in accordance with the established procedure, it is necessary to reflect:
DEBIT 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” - CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” - recording using the method
“
red reversal
” for amounts erroneously classified as subject to withholding from the employee;
DEBIT 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” - CREDIT 73 “Settlements with personnel for other operations” - recording using the method
“
red rebate
” for amounts erroneously withheld from the employee;
DEBIT 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”, etc. - CREDIT 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” - expenses for cellular communication services of a production nature are included in the expenses of the reporting month.
Corrections to tax accounting data are made in accordance with the requirements of clause 8 of Art. 63 of the Tax Code and Instructions on the procedure for filling out tax returns (calculations) for taxes (duties), the purchase book, approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Taxes of December 24, 2014 No. 42.
In particular, with regard to tax calculated on an accrual basis from the beginning of the tax period (in this situation - income tax), if incomplete information or errors are detected for the previous reporting period of the current tax period, changes and (or) additions are reflected in the tax return (calculation) submitted for the next reporting period of the current tax period (Part 3, Clause 8, Article 63 of the Tax Code).
Also, in practice, there are often cases when organizations, having set limits for conversations on mobile communications, automatically consider all conversations made within the limits to be production calls; accordingly, expenses for communication services within the limits are taken into account by organizations as part of the costs taken into account for taxation. However, this is not true.
The production nature of the conversations must be documented. Setting limits does not mean that conversations are made for production purposes. Consequently, if there is no documentary evidence of the production nature of expenses for calls on mobile communications, the expenses incurred cannot be charged to cost accounts and cannot be taken into account when taxing profits.
Vitaly Rakovets,
auditor
Accounting for a telephone purchased by an institution for the personal needs of an employee
When transferring phones for use by employees, additionally reflect them in the balance on account 27 “Material assets issued for personal use to employees (employees).” Keep analytical accounting for account 27 in the quantitative and total accounting card (f. 0504041). This procedure follows from paragraphs 385–386 of the Instructions to the Unified Chart of Accounts No. 157n.
Question
Firstly
, an institution can independently purchase mobile phones and issue them to its employees. In this case, include the telephone in fixed assets and record it in account 101.04 “Machinery and Equipment” (OKOF code 320.26.30.22). This follows from paragraph 38 of the Instructions to the Unified Chart of Accounts No. 157n.
Also, business entities with simplified accounting schemes received the right to immediately depreciate at full price fixed assets related to inventory (they have a low price and a short service life). Such measures allow such entities to reduce the burden when calculating property taxes.
Fixed assets are property owned by the company or attracted by it from the outside, which is used in its production activities for more than one year and has a value above the limit established by regulations.
OS costing up to 40 thousand rubles
Attention! New directories should only be used for objects that began to be used in 2021 and later. There is no need to make corrections to the accounting cards of all previously accepted fixed assets and recalculate their depreciation. This rule is mandatory for both accounting and tax accounting.
In any case, it is important to take into account that fixed assets worth more than 40,000 rubles cannot be reflected in accounting as materials, even if this is provided for in the Accounting Policy. Therefore, fixed assets from 40,000 to 100,000 cannot be accounted for by the organization in account 10 “Materials”. At the same time, when we say “from 40,000,” we mean more than 40,000, since an object with an initial cost of exactly 40,000 rubles can still be taken into account as inventories.
Selecting an account for SIM cards
The provisions of the above-mentioned regulatory legal acts do not define an unambiguous accounting account for SIM cards issued for use by employees of the institution. This means that the procedure for their accounting needs to be developed and consolidated in the accounting policy of the institution (clause 19 of the GHS “Conceptual Framework”, clause 6 of Instruction No. 157n).
Based on the specifics of using SIM cards as information carriers, similar to fuel and refueling cards, the institution may decide to record them in off-balance sheet account 03 “Strict reporting forms” or in an additionally maintained off-balance sheet account (clause 332 of Instruction No. 157n , Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 12, 2012 No. 02-06-10/4243).
The accounting procedure for the additionally introduced off-balance sheet account must be developed and fixed in the accounting policy of the institution. And in order to be able to account for SIM cards in off-balance sheet account 03, they must be included in the list of forms classified as strict reporting forms, established by the institution as part of the formation of its accounting policy (clause 337 of Instruction No. 157n).
Accounting on off-balance sheet account 03 is carried out in the context of persons responsible for storage and (or) issuance of objects, storage locations in a conditional valuation: 1 object, 1 ruble or at the cost of their acquisition - in cases established by the scientific policy of the institution (clause 337 of Instruction No. 157n ).
At the same time, SIM cards, just like mobile phones, are transferred for personal use to employees of the institution. However, it is not possible to take them into account at book value in off-balance sheet account 27. This is explained by the fact that the book value is the value at which the property is recorded in the balance sheet. And SIM cards are not taken into account on balance accounts.
Thus, regulatory legal acts in the field of accounting (budget) accounting do not contain a specific account for accounting for SIM cards. But there are no explanations from the Russian Ministry of Finance on this issue. Therefore, the accounting option for SIM cards must be determined by the institution itself and enshrined in its accounting policy. This can be off-balance sheet account 03 or an additionally entered off-balance sheet account.
More on the topic: Instructions for budget (accounting) accounting in 2019: overview of changes
Cell phone as a primary means in 2021
For the purposes of this accounting, fixed assets that were registered later than December 31, 2021, and less than this limit, can be immediately transferred to expenses. If its price is more than 100 thousand rubles, then the object will have to be depreciated using one of the two proposed methods.
Write-off of fixed assets worth up to 100,000 rubles
If you purchased an expensive telephone set (more than 10,000 rubles), then you cannot take its cost into account at one time in your expenses. The fact is that in this case the telephone will be classified as a fixed asset for tax accounting purposes. And their cost is written off as expenses through depreciation.
The bonus does not apply if objects are not subject to depreciation (for example, land), are received free of charge, are the subject of leasing, or if they are excluded from depreciable property due to transfer to conservation for a period of more than 3 months, transfer to gratuitous use or reconstruction for a period of more than 12 months (provided that the facilities are not in use during reconstruction).
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Fixed assets in accounting and tax accounting in 2021
In accounting, the use of increasing factors (not higher than 3) is possible only if the organization calculates depreciation using the reducing balance method. In taxation, special coefficients can be applied to the depreciation rate, calculated both linearly and non-linearly. However, the number of applications of these coefficients is limited. For example, organizations have the right to apply an increased coefficient to the depreciation rate (but not higher than 2) for objects used in an aggressive environment and/or increased shifts (with some restrictions).
Application of coefficients to depreciation rates in accounting and tax accounting
One of the main characteristics of fixed assets in tax and accounting in 2021 is the initial cost. It depends on it whether the object will be used as a primary means or not. Find out what the minimum value of fixed assets is established by the code and PBU in the new year and how to apply the limits.
It makes sense to avoid discrepancies in the formation of the initial cost, since the increased initial cost of fixed assets in accounting does not bring any economic benefits. The only justification for additional inconvenience for an accountant due to differences in accounting is the need to increase assets in order to make the financial statements more attractive to credit institutions or investors, for example.
Fixed assets in accounting in 2021
Since the payment was made in parts, the first paid part was RUB 2,000,000. - an entry should have been made in section 2 of the Book of Income and Expenses on February 24, 2021. In section 1, it was supposed to be written off in four stages in equal shares of 500,000 rubles. (RUB 2,000,000: 4 quarters) March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2021.
Tax accounting of fixed assets under the simplified tax system
The Ministry of Finance in this PBU only provides for the possibility of classifying objects that meet the criteria of fixed assets, but costing less than 40,000 rubles. to inventory accounts. It should be noted that this is a right, not an obligation of the organization. The only strict criterion is objects worth 40,000 rubles. and it can no longer be attributed to the MPZ.
- income from non-exchange transactions (for example, income from taxes, fees, including state duties, customs duties, income from insurance contributions for compulsory social insurance, income from gratuitous revenues from budgets, income from fines, penalties, penalties, compensation for damage);
- income from exchange transactions (income from property, income from sales).
- useful life of fixed assets and intangible assets;
- the amount of estimated reserves;
- the amount of depreciation charges;
- the value of non-financial assets in cases provided for by federal and (or) industry accounting standards for public sector organizations.
Cash flow statement
For accounting purposes, the criterion for recognizing income is the possibility of obtaining economic benefits or useful potential associated with transactions (events), provided that their amount (monetary value) can be reliably determined (clause 7 of the GHS “Income”).
- Any balance sheet consists of assets and liabilities. The difference is that state employees distribute these items, separately reflecting the use of targeted funds and their own profits.
- “Businessmen” reflect in their reports, in addition to the current one, two more previous years, and “public sector employees” – only the previous one.
- Budgetary spheres divide assets into financial and non-financial, and funds into material and monetary; For commercial structures, the division is fundamentally different.
- The budgetary liability reflects all types of obligations, and the commercial one divides them according to terms.
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The main principles of accounting remain unchanged, no matter in what organization it is carried out. Everywhere you need to take into account cash, inventories, all kinds of assets and liabilities, reflecting this in the documentation and promptly informing the regulatory authorities.
Differences in reporting
The main difference between commercial and budget accounting is the different accounts on which all business transactions are reflected. For the budgetary sector, a special Chart of Accounts is provided, containing 26 categories.
The last point is especially important because it creates different budget conditions for accepting fixed assets into tax and accounting. The latter needs fixed assets to start in 2021 from an amount of 40 thousand rubles, the tax authorities - from 100 thousand rubles. Only then can it be included in the reporting.
Fixed assets in accounting and tax accounting in 2021: changes
It is worth noting here the special conditions for the library collection. If its price is less than 100 thousand rubles, then its depreciation will be 100% when the object begins to be used; if it is more than 100 thousand, then the calculation takes place according to established standards. You can read more about this at the link.
Fixed assets in accounting
Fixed assets include property at the disposal of the organization, used to perform work in the selected type of activity. Only those objects whose period of use exceeds one calendar year are recognized as such. Therefore, annual reporting cannot be done without them. This article will tell you in more detail how fixed assets are recorded in accounting and tax accounting in 2021.
According to clause 10.2.1 of the Procedure for applying the classification of operations of the public administration sector, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 29, 2021 No. 209n, the purchase of communication services falls under subarticle 221 of KOSGU “Communication Services”. This KOSGU includes:
According to paragraph 32 of Art. 2 of the Federal Law of July 7, 2003 No. 126-FZ “On Communications” (hereinafter referred to as Law No. 126-FZ), communication service is the activity of receiving, processing, storing, transmitting, delivering telecommunication messages or postal items. Postal service, according to Art. 2 of the Federal Law of July 17, 1999 No. 176-FZ “On Postal Communications” is a type of communication that represents a single production and technological complex of technical and transport means that ensures the reception, processing, transportation, delivery (delivery) of postal items, as well as postal money transfers. Telecommunications are any emissions, transmission or reception of signs, signals, voice information, written text, images, sounds or messages of any kind via radio, wire, optical and other electromagnetic systems (clause 35 of Article 2 of Law No. 126-FZ). Telecommunications include the Internet, radio communications, television, etc. The activities of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the paid provision of communication services are carried out only on the basis of a license to carry out activities in the field of provision of communication services (Part 1, Article 29 of Law No. 126-FZ). On the territory of the Russian Federation, communication services are provided by communication operators to users of communication services on the basis of an agreement for the provision of communication services, concluded in accordance with civil legislation and the rules for the provision of communication services (Part 1, Article 44 of Law No. 126-FZ). The rules are approved for each type of communication separately. For example, the Rules for the provision of postal services were approved by order of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia dated July 31, 2021 No. 234.
Understanding the concepts
The rules for the provision of telephone services were approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 9, 2014 No. 1342. Based on the definitions given in paragraph 2 of these rules, a cellular (mobile) telephone is user equipment connected to the telephone network. A SIM card is an electronic storage medium installed in a phone, with the help of which the subscriber gains access to the telephone network, that is, purchases a communication service.
Thus, a mobile phone is an asset and must be accounted for as part of fixed assets. In its respect, the criteria for classification as fixed assets established from 01/01/2018, clause 7 of the Federal Accounting Standard for Public Sector Organizations “Fixed Assets”, approved. By Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 31, 2016 No. 257n (hereinafter referred to as the SGS “Fixed Assets”), clause 36 of the Federal Accounting Standard for Public Sector Organizations “Conceptual Framework...”, approved. Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 31, 2016 No. 256n (hereinafter referred to as the SGS “Conceptual Framework”) (see also the Methodological guidelines communicated by the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 30, 2017 No. 02-07-07/7925).
In turn, a SIM card is not an asset, but only serves to obtain communication services under the relevant agreement. Therefore, its balance sheet accounting is not carried out. In terms of use, a SIM card is similar to other storage media that allow you to receive services. For example, with fuel or parking cards. Specialists from the Russian Ministry of Finance in their explanations pointed to the off-balance sheet accounting of such media (see, for example, Letter of the Russian Ministry of Finance dated October 12, 2012 No. 02-06-10/4243).
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