Cash limit in 2021 for small businesses by law

Any enterprise at least periodically uses cash to pay for small services, pay salaries or accountable funds. In large companies in 2021, it is necessary to develop an order and calculate the cash limit.

The limit is the minimum amount of cash in the cash register at the end of the working day, established by the Central Bank. All funds exceeding a certain amount must be credited to the current account.

It is not necessary to calculate the cash limit for micro-enterprises in 2021 (as well as for small enterprises and individual entrepreneurs), unless this is provided for by internal regulations (clauses 1, 4 of Federal Tax Service Letter ED-4-2/13338).

Who needs a cash balance limit?

The cash balance limit for 2021 must be calculated by enterprises that, by law, are not classified as small. Individual entrepreneurs (regardless of the tax regime) and legal entities with the status of micro and small enterprises can independently decide whether they need to calculate the minimum amount of cash.

To accurately determine whether an enterprise belongs to the micro or small category, you can use the register created by the Tax Service and located on the Federal Tax Service website, indicating:

• name or full name;
• OGRN (OGRNIP);
• TIN.

Attention! If the information is incorrect, you can submit an application with the correct information. If the enterprise is not in the register, you cannot use any benefits for small businesses.

Responsibility for exceeding the cash balance in the cash register

If the organization has not approved the cash limit order for 2021 (a sample order with a calculation attached can be downloaded from the link), then at the end of the day there should be no balance in the cash register. For exceeding the cash balance, which is a violation of cash discipline, administrative liability is provided under Article 15.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Fines can be imposed in the amount of:

• for the organization itself - from 40 thousand to 50 thousand rubles,
• for officials - from 4 thousand to 5 thousand rubles.

Typically, tax authorities fine both the legal entity itself and the authorized official, usually the manager.

How to calculate the cash limit in 2018?

Since businesses are required to make the calculations themselves, you need to know how to calculate the cash limit for 2021. You need to be based on the Directive of the Central Bank No. 3210-U.

The cash limit for 2021 is set based on money turnover parameters. Real figures are taken (planned ones for new enterprises), as they are checked by Tax Inspectorate inspectors. There is no need to coordinate the calculations and the results obtained with the bank. Everything is formalized on the basis of the order of the manager.

The answer to the question of how to set a cash limit in 2021 depends on whether the company has cash revenue. If there is, then the formula from clause 1 of the Appendix to Directive N 3210-U is used:

Limit = volume of receipts / billing period * number of days between collections

Any 1-92 days can be selected as the billing period. The days between collections are established in the agreement concluded with the bank (up to 7 days if there is a bank in the locality, or up to 14 days if there is no bank).

If money comes only from the current account (there is no cash proceeds), in the formula the volume of receipts is replaced by the volume of cash disbursement.

Sample calculation of the cash limit for 2021 for a trading company

In October, revenue is 300,600 rubles, in November – 350,700 rubles, in December – 500,000 rubles, collection is carried out daily. The minimum amount of money must be:

(300,600+350,700+500,000)/(21+22+21)*1=1,151,300/64=17,989 rub.

An example of a calculation for a company paying in cash for goods and services

For October, 25,000 rubles were issued for reporting, for November - 30,000 rubles, for December - 52,000 rubles, funds are withdrawn from the account every 3 days. Limit calculation:

(25,000+30,000+52,000)/(21+22+21)*3=1,672 rub.

The final stage is an order from the manager approving the calculations.

Cash limit for 2021

The cash balance limit is the maximum allowable amount of cash that can be in the organization's cash register at the end of the working day.

For example, by order of the manager, a limit of 100,000 rubles was established. Everything that exceeds this amount accumulates in the cash register for the entire working day must be handed over to the bank.

BUT: in two cases it is allowed to have cash in the cash register in excess of the established limit:

1) On days of various payments to employees (salary, vacation pay, stipend, etc.). In this case, payments must be made within 5 working days.

2) On weekends and non-working holidays, if cash transactions were carried out at that time.

It is worth noting that if you do not set a limit on money in the cash register , it will be equal to zero, which means that any amount of money in the cash register at the end of the working day will be considered over the limit, which may entail administrative liability.

Order to establish/cancel a cash limit

• See a sample order for establishing a cash limit.

• See a sample order to cancel the cash limit.

The head of the organization or individual entrepreneur must issue an order on the established cash limit. The limit can be approved for any period (month, quarter, year, etc.), but it is also possible not to indicate its validity period. Then you can work with this limit as much as you like until you publish a new document with new indicators.

However, from June 1, 2014, individual entrepreneurs and small organizations (no more than 100 employees and revenue up to 800 million rubles per year) are no longer required to set a cash limit at the cash register.

Those. they can work with or without a limit, at their discretion. Those who want to abandon the limit must definitely issue an order to cancel the cash register limit.

Calculation of limit amounts

Companies now (from June 1, 2014) have the opportunity to choose how to calculate the cash balance limit - based on cash receipts or cash expenses. That is, in practice, you can calculate the cash limit using both formulas and choose the most profitable method for you.

However, companies that do not have cash receipts due to the specifics of their activities naturally use the expense formula. The cash balance limit is set in rubles without kopecks. It is rounded according to the usual rules: an amount less than 50 kopecks is discarded, and an amount of 50 kopecks is rounded to the nearest ruble.

1) CALCULATION BASED ON CASH REVENUE

L = V/ P * Nc

L — cash balance limit in rubles

V is the volume of cash receipts for goods sold, work performed, services rendered for the billing period in rubles (newly created organizations and individual entrepreneurs indicate the expected volume of receipts).

P is the settlement period for which the volume of cash receipts is taken into account. The selected billing period includes all working days, even those that were for some reason working on weekends and holidays. This can be any period of time not exceeding 92 working days, for example:

• The previous period (calculate for the 1st quarter of 2021 based on the data of the 4th quarter of 2016)
• The same period for the previous year (calculation for the 1st quarter of 2021 - based on data from the 1st quarter of 2021)
• Peak revenue period

Nc is the period of time (in working days) between the day of receiving cash and the day of depositing this money at the bank. This period should not exceed 7 working days, and if located in a locality where there is no bank - 14 working days.

For example, if money is deposited at the bank once every 2 working days, then Nc=2.

Sample calculation: LLC "Fantik" sets the cash limit for 2021, taking September 2016 (24 working days) as the billing period. During this time, the company received 435,000 rubles in cash proceeds. The proceeds were handed over to the bank every 3 days. Thus:

Cash balance limit = RUB 54,375. (RUB 435,000 / 24 days * 3 days)

2) CALCULATION BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF CASH EXPENSES

Using this formula, you can set a cash limit at the cash desk regardless of whether you have cash receipts or not (clause 2 of Directive No. 3210-U). For example, if you have little cash income, then it would be more profitable to set a limit using this formula:

L = R / P * Nn

L — cash balance limit in rubles

R is the volume of cash issued for the billing period in rubles, excluding amounts intended for various payments to employees (salaries, vacation pay, stipends, etc.). Newly created organizations and individual entrepreneurs indicate the expected volume of issues.

P is the billing period for which the volume of cash disbursements is taken into account. This can be any period of time not exceeding 92 working days. Examples of such periods are given in description 1 of the formula. Just don't forget to adjust for expenses.

Nn - the period of time (in working days) between the days of receiving cash from the bank, with the exception of amounts intended for various payments to employees (salaries, vacation pay, stipends, etc.). This period should not exceed 7 working days, and if located in a locality where there is no bank - 14 working days. For example, if money is withdrawn from the bank once every 2 business days, then Nc=2.

Sample calculation: Fantik LLC is engaged in the wholesale sale of sugar. Setting the cash balance limit for 2021 based on the amount of cash expenses, the company took June, July, and August 2021 for the billing period.

The company has a 5-day working week, which means the billing period is 65 working days (21 + 23 + 21). During this time, the company paid suppliers 900,000 rubles in cash, withdrawn from a bank account every 4 days. Thus:

Cash balance limit = RUB 55,385. (RUB 900,000 / 65 days * 4 days)

Orders to establish and cancel a limit

The order approving the cash balance limit for 2021 is drawn up in free form. The Tex must include the number from which the minimum volume is applied, the frequency of depositing (withdrawing) funds to the bank, and the responsible person. The order can also indicate the validity period. If there is no such indication, the document is valid until the moment when the need arises to revise the minimum volume. The calculation can be included in the text or created as an appendix.

Directive No. 3210-U does not define how long the order is valid without specifying the validity period. For example, if at the beginning of 2021 the minimum volume has not changed compared to the end of 2021, it is better to create a new cash limit order for 2021. There is a possibility that Tax Inspectorate inspectors may recognize the old document as invalid.

If an enterprise has structural divisions (representative offices, branches), they can transfer cash to the parent company or have their own current accounts. In the first option, the order is developed for the company as a whole (in several copies) and distributed among departments. In the second option, each structure develops its own documentation.

Important! If the turnover volume changes, the minimum volume is calculated again.

The cash limit for an LLC in 2021 for a new enterprise looks something like this:

Small businesses (including LLCs and JSCs) can choose whether to set a minimum volume or not. If a company operates with a certain minimum volume of management, after entering it into the register of small enterprises, an order must be issued to cancel it. It should be clear from the content from what date the old order is cancelled.

An order to cancel restrictions on the minimum volume is created in free form. It is necessary to take into account that at the same time changes are being made to local regulations related to the conduct of cash transactions.

The order to abolish the cash register limit for individual entrepreneurs in 2021 looks like this:

Calculation of the cash balance limit at the cash desk for 2021 of a separate institution

If there are separate divisions or branches, then the calculation of the maximum permissible cash balance should be made taking into account certain features.

First of all, we determine the independence of a separate unit according to the following characteristics.

If a branch or territorial department is characterized in accordance with the first option, then the calculated indicators for the division for the billing period should be included in the calculation of the cash balance limit. If the branch corresponds to the second option, for such a separate division you should make your own calculation of the cash limit, separate from the calculations of the parent government agency.

Storing excess amounts

In a standard situation, at the end of the working day, the company should not have cash in excess of the established minimum amount. But the law provides for exceptions. Exceeding is permitted:

• on paydays;
• if funds were received from the bank for settlements on weekends (holidays);
• on days of social payments and scholarships.

Attention! Money is transferred from the bank only when it is really needed on holidays (weekends).

Cash documents in 2021

There were no significant changes in the field of cash documents. The cash book, receipt and expenditure orders, as well as statements have not changed. All previously unified forms continue to be used. These documents should be filled out taking into account innovations.

Individual entrepreneurs, in accordance with the new procedure for conducting cash transactions, are exempt from maintaining the following list of documents:

• cash book;
• cash receipt orders;
• expense cash orders.

Individual entrepreneurs keep tax records of income and physical indicators that characterize their type of activity.

To maintain cash documentation, you can now choose electronic or paper media.

An incoming accountant (an individual who works under a service agreement) has the right to draw up cash documents.

Separate divisions of the enterprise now transfer cash book sheets in a new way. A copy of the book sheet (which is certified by the head of the unit) is transferred in the manner established by the legal entity itself. That is, cash book sheets can be submitted once a year - when preparing financial or accounting statements.

Errors in cash documents (on paper) can now be corrected, with the exception of incoming and outgoing cash orders.

The main innovations are as follows:

• It is allowed to maintain cash documentation in electronic form using an electronic signature;
• paper copies of the cash book and orders (receipt and expense) are not required if electronic documents are available;
• It is impossible to correct errors in electronic documents (a signed document with an error is deleted and a new one is filled out in its place);
• the second sheet of the cash book is no longer relevant;
• a single receipt order can now be issued on a strict reporting form;
• The manager’s own record of terms and amounts is not required;
• there is no register of deposited amounts (but this column is retained in salary slips);
• the recipient can enter the amount in words on the expense order;
• the cash book is not filled out if no cash payments were made on any day.

The cashier puts a stamp and his signature on the receipt for the cash receipt order. Cashiers can now transfer money without a debit order based on the cash ledger.

Penalty for exceeding cash limit

Exceeding the balance in the cash register is considered a violation of the law, for which administrative punishment is provided (Article 15.1 of the Administrative Code). A fine of 40-50 thousand rubles may be imposed on the company, and 4-5 thousand rubles on the manager. In practice, the company and its officials are most often punished simultaneously.

If there is too little money in the cash register at the beginning of the working day, it must be returned (withdrawn) frequently. When calculating balances that are too large, there is a possibility of additional costs in the form of a fine. If the excess occurs accidentally, it is better to give them to the accountable person. The amount is not limited by law.

Cash limit: basic rules

If you do not document the required amount of the balance, then by default it will be zero, that is, any cash will already exceed the norm. If funds are kept for salaries, bonuses, travel allowances or scholarships, then this is not considered a violation.

Also, exceeding the approved balance is allowed on weekends and public holidays provided for by law, if the institution continues to operate during this period.

1. Ask our specialist a question at the end of the article. 2. Get detailed advice and a full description of the nuances! 3. Or find a ready-made answer in the comments of our readers.

Overestimating or underestimating the amount when calculating the cash limit

In rare cases, companies, in order to achieve their own goals, indicate underestimated or overestimated acceptable amounts for storage. Both options have a negative impact on the business processes of the enterprise.

An understatement of the cash balance will lead to the fact that trustees will have to more often take excess funds to the bank, and this will require extra work time to carry out transactions and money to pay bank commissions.

Exceeding the established limit entails penalties: for the head of an enterprise, fines reach 5 thousand rubles, for an organization - 50 thousand rubles.

Exceeding the cash limit

If the previously approved balance has been exceeded, it is recommended to issue the extra money on account. Moreover, the amount of this amount is not limited by law. The only condition is a completed application or administrative document for the issuance of cash (clause 6.3 of the Central Bank Directive No. 3210-U).

An accountable person has the right to take money in excess of the established limit for cash payments of 100 thousand rubles, but the employee does not have the right to deposit it into the cash desk of a third-party institution, acting on behalf of a legal entity.

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Cash limit for small and micro enterprises

The instruction of the Bank of the Russian Federation No. 320-U dated March 11, 2014 states that all small and micro enterprises are exempt from the mandatory establishment of a cash limit. This means that these types of enterprises have the right to keep any amounts in the cash register.

The criteria for classification as micro and small enterprises are as follows:

For micro-enterprises:

• income limits on the tax return for the previous year - 120 million;
• The average number of employees for the previous year was 15 people.

For small businesses:

• income limits on the tax return for the previous year - 800 million;
• the average number of employees for the previous year was 100 people.

According to these criteria, individual entrepreneurs are classified as micro or small enterprises, therefore, it is not necessary for individual entrepreneurs to introduce a cash limit.

Formulas used in calculations

The above-mentioned regulation of the Central Bank provides several formulas for calculation. But each of them should be used only in specific cases.

With the receipt of money

If an organization not only issues, but also receives cash, then when calculating it is obliged to take into account the amount of receipts. How to calculate the cash limit for 2021 in this case? Using the following formula:

Limit = ( <the sum of all receipts for the selected period> / <the number of days in the billing period> ) * <the number of days between cash deposits at the bank branch>

The period taken cannot be more than 92 days (3 months is the maximum period), and you cannot deposit cash at the bank less than once a week. A sample calculation of the cash limit for 2021 will help you understand the calculation procedure.

Example. The organization received 850,000 rubles in cash in January 2021 (17 working days). At the same time, cash delivery in the company occurs once every 5 days. Hence the limit will be equal to: (850,000/17)*5 = 250,000 rubles.

No cash receipt

If the enterprise does not receive cash, but only uses it, then the cash register limit for 2021 should be calculated using the previously given formula, only instead of the sum of all receipts, you need to substitute the total amount of money issued for this period, excluding wages and social benefits. Let's look at an example for clarity.

Example. In January 2021 (17 days), the company paid 1,450,000 rubles from the cash register, of which 600,000 rubles were spent on wages (remember that on payment days the limit may not be observed). The organization's clients use only cashless payments to pay for goods. Funds are received at the cash desk once every 6 days from the bank by check. How to set a cash limit in 2021 in this case? The calculations will be as follows: ((1,450,000 – 600,000)/17)*6 = 300,000 rubles.

The formulas for calculating the limit are simple and clear; the calculations should not raise questions for the accountant if the cash book is maintained correctly.

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