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04.02.2018
Cash payments between legal entities in 2021 are limited by a limit. This is the maximum amount of money in which cash payments can be made between legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.
From this article you will learn:
What is the cash payment limit for legal entities in 2021?
Cash payments between legal entities in 2021 are limited by a limit. This is the maximum amount of money in which cash payments can be made between legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. What you cannot spend cash proceeds on, see the article >>>
In 2021, the limit for legal entities within one contract is 100 thousand rubles. If the amount specified in the agreement exceeds the settlement limit, the balance must be transferred to the counterparty's account by bank transfer.
The question arises: is it legal for an organization to make payments on the same day with the same counterparty under several contracts, the total amount of which exceeds the established limit? Yes, it is legal if the individual amount for each agreement does not exceed 100 thousand rubles.
Please note that when concluding an agreement with an individual, the organization has the right not to comply with the limit.
For individual entrepreneurs, the limit is also 100 thousand rubles. If a company has entered into an agreement with an individual entrepreneur, then for both of them there is a cash payment limit of 100,000 rubles. Cash payments between individual entrepreneurs and individual entrepreneurs are also limited to this amount.
There are no restrictions on cash payments with individuals. Please note that from October 1, simplified customers will have to switch to mandatory card payments. The algorithm of actions is here >>>
Articles about small business cash transactions:
Who needs a cash balance limit?
Today, establishing a cash limit is not universally mandatory for all business entities, as it was before the Directive of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2014 No. 3210-U came into force.
Previously, the absence of a cash limit meant that at the end of the day there should not be a penny left in the cash register, that is, the limit was considered “zero”. Now, small businesses and individual entrepreneurs have the right not to set a limit on the balance of funds in the cash register at all (paragraph 10, paragraph 2 of Directive of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 3210-U). This means that in the absence of an approved limit, they can have any amount of “cash” left in the cash register. Of course, this provision only applies if they canceled their previously existing cash limit by order.
Thus, for individual entrepreneurs and small enterprises, the calculation of establishing a cash balance limit is not mandatory, but if there is one, it must be observed. All other organizations must calculate the cash limit without fail.
With whom is a legal entity obliged to agree on the cash balance limit? There is no need to coordinate the cash limit with any government agency or bank; the company calculates and approves it itself.
Limit of cash payments when issuing money on account
The organization has the right to issue any amount to its employee on account. And the employee has the right to spend this amount without taking into account the limit. For example, for travel expenses.
If an organization issues an accountable amount to pay for goods, work or services under contracts concluded by the organization itself, the cash payment should not exceed 100 thousand rubles.
The same approach applies to the situation when an employee makes payments on behalf of the organization by proxy.
Is there a limit on cash settlements when paying dividends?
Founding organization. Joint stock companies do not have the right to issue dividends in cash from the cash register.
As for LLCs, they can pay dividends in cash, but not from trading proceeds.
The company pays dividends based on the minutes of the founders' meeting. Since the cash settlement limit applies only to settlements between counterparties within the framework of an agreement concluded between them, we can conclude that this rule does not apply to the payment of dividends.
However, as practice shows, during on-site tax audits, tax inspectors may think differently and fine the company for issuing dividends from the cash register in excess of 100 thousand rubles.
Therefore, it is safer to pay dividends either in non-cash form or within the limit.
The founder is an individual. If the founder is an individual, dividends can be paid to him from the cash register without restrictions on the amount.
For what purposes can legal entities spend cash proceeds?
All of the above operations can be carried out only from funds received by the organization’s cash desk as a result of the sale of goods, performance of work or provision of services.
For what purposes can legal entities spend cash received at the cash desk from their current account?
The organization does not have the right to spend trade proceeds generated in the organization’s cash desk for these purposes.
For what purposes can legal entities spend money from the cash register without restrictions?
All other purposes for spending cash are limited by a limit.
How to calculate the cash balance limit at the cash register
The enterprise determines its cash limit independently, guided by the Appendix to the Directive of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation No. 3210-U, and taking into account that the amount of the limit is influenced by the nature of the company’s activities, the volume of receipts and cash issuance. Newly created companies must take into account the expected volume of their revenues and payments when calculating.
The Appendix to the Central Bank Directive contains two options for calculating the cash balance limit at the cash desk.
Option 1
This method is based on the company’s revenue (actual or planned), and is more suitable for those who often sell goods or provide services for cash.
Cash balance limit formula:
- L = V/P x Nс
Let's decipher:
- L – cash limit;
- V – the amount of cash revenue received for goods, services or work during the billing period;
- P – settlement period of no more than 92 working days of the legal entity; it can take into account “peak” volumes of receipts, as well as the dynamics of cash receipts in similar periods of previous years;
- Nс – time period in working days, between the days of depositing incoming “cash” to the bank (for example, to calculate the cash balance limit when depositing money once every 5 days, Nс = 5). This period cannot last more than 7 working days, and in areas where there is no bank - more than 14 working days.
An example of calculating the cash limit for 2021 from revenue:
The receipt of cash proceeds to the cash desk of Almaz LLC in the 4th quarter of 2017 amounted to: in October 200,500 rubles; in November - 306,000 rubles, in December - 415,500 rubles. Cash is deposited at the bank every day. How to calculate the cash balance limit?
Let's calculate the limit using the above formula:
(200,500 rub. + 306,000 rub. + 415,500 rub.) / (22 days + 21 days + 21 days) x 1 = 14,406 rub.
The resulting limit should be rounded to whole rubles, as required by the rounding rules and the Federal Tax Service in its letter dated 03/06/2014 No. ED-4-2/4116.
Option 2
If, mainly paying for the purchase of goods, provision of services, etc. (or planning to do this), then the second option for calculating the establishment of a cash balance limit for the enterprise is more suitable for her.
The formula for it is as follows:
- L = R/P x Nn
Here:
- R – the amount of cash issued during the billing period, excluding salaries, stipends and other payments to employees. If y, it is necessary to take into account the cash that is stored with them, except in the case of establishing a separate limit for the balance of cash in the cash desk for separate divisions;
- P – billing period for which the issuance of “cash” is taken into account (the requirements for it are similar to the first option);
- Nn is the time period between the days of receiving cash from the bank, not counting the receipt of money for salaries, scholarships and other payments to employees. The restrictions on its duration are the same as for the Nc indicator in the first option.
An example of calculating the cash balance limit for 2021 from the volume of cash expenses:
Granit LLC in the 4th quarter of 2021 issued “cash” to its employees to account for payment for goods and services in the following amount: October - 20,000 rubles; November – 16,000 rubles, December – 56,000 rubles). Money was withdrawn from the current account once every 4 working days. What cash balance limit is set in this case?
(20,000 rub. + 16,000 rub. + 56,000 rub.) / (22 days + 21 days + 21 days) x 4 = 5,750 rub.
Fines for non-compliance with cash discipline
If the limit for cash payments between legal entities is exceeded, liability falls on both the seller and the buyer.
The fine provided for by the administrative code of the Russian Federation for this offense will cost the company in the amount of 40 to 50 thousand rubles.
For the manager - from 4 to 5 thousand rubles.
For what purposes can/cannot cash proceeds be spent in 2018?
Memo: What you can/cannot spend cash on
Registration and confirmation of cash payments
During the working day, cash flow is documented using primary cash documents.
Drawing up primary accounting documents is mandatory in accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 9 of the Law “On Accounting” dated December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ. Such a document is drawn up in the approved form simultaneously with the fact that serves as the basis for its preparation (cash transaction), or immediately after its completion. The person who compiled it is responsible for the contents of the document.
According to clause 4.1 of Directive No. 3210-U, cash transactions are formalized with incoming cash orders 0310001, outgoing cash orders 0310002. Forms KO-1, KO-2 were approved by Decree of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation dated 08.18.98 No. 88, along with samples of other cash documents:
- log book;
- cash book, etc.
These documents are recognized as the only acceptable evidence of settlements with legal entities. Receipts and acts of acceptance and transfer of money in this capacity are not accepted (see the resolution of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated November 9, 2015 No. F01-4309/15 in case No. A28-2955/2015).
Cash documents are signed by an accountant or manager, as well as a cashier and certified by the seal or stamp of the organization (clause 4.4 of instruction No. 3210-U). Thus, despite the absence of a requirement in the law to have a seal (read more about this and the details of the seal in our article at the link: Company letterhead and seal of an organization - samples for an LLC), a legal entity is required to have a stamp or seal to certify cash documents.
Limits on cash payments between legal entities, as well as between individual entrepreneurs
The maximum amount of cash payments is RUB 100,000. under one contract.
This cash payment limit applies to payments between firms, organizations and individual entrepreneurs, as well as only between individual entrepreneurs. It will continue to operate under the same contract even after the contract expires. For example, a tenant company’s lease agreement has expired, it has vacated the premises, but it has a debt to the landlord. So, even after the expiration of this agreement, the company will be able to repay the debt in cash only within 100,000 rubles.
In addition, the limit is 100,000 rubles. It does not need to be used for issuing funds to employees on account, paying wages and other social benefits, as well as for spending money on personal (consumer) needs by entrepreneurs.
Cash limit for individual entrepreneurs
Among the preferences for individual entrepreneurs is the abolition of the cash limit - according to Directive No. 3210-U dated March 11, 2014, small businesses may not set a limit on the cash balance at the end of the shift. However, this must be formatted correctly. The refusal is confirmed by an internal order, which is certified by the entrepreneur. This document remains with the individual entrepreneur - there is no need to submit it to the Federal Tax Service and additionally confirm it with a notary’s signature. When checking, tax officials may ask to review the order, and if one is not available, there should not be a single bill in the cash register. In such a situation, any remaining cash is considered above the limit, and the individual entrepreneur will suffer administrative punishment for the fact that at the end of the working day the cashier’s cash drawer was not left empty.
The abolition of cash limits in the cash register for individual entrepreneurs is a benefit, but not a rule. Despite the fact that the restriction can be waived, each business entity must keep records of incoming and outgoing transactions and support this with documentation. At the end of each shift, it is necessary to record the cash balance - this figure must exactly correspond to the actual amount of cash remaining with the cashier at the end of the shift. If the entry does not correspond to reality, and there is more money than recorded, this will become a reason for quibbles on the part of tax inspectors.
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