Periodic financial statements, their content, procedure for preparation and deadlines for submission.

Each organization must keep records of its income and property on its balance sheet. The preparation of such documentation is carried out within a certain period, which is called the reporting period. Quarter, half-year or year - it all depends on the type of reporting and the requirements of government agencies. These periods are assigned codes that are displayed in the financial statements.

The review will provide definitions, the method of accounting and what period should be appropriate for a particular accounting. A parallel will also be drawn between the reporting and billing periods.

What's happened

The reporting date is a specific date from which future reporting should begin. Each accountant is given a certain time period necessary to collect data and record it in tables. It doesn’t matter whether we are talking about the formation of a balance sheet or a transport tax, the reporting period can only mean the time that contains the facts of economic activity. The main reference point is the year, and the intermediate ones are the month and quarter.

Reporting period and date

The time period from January 1 to December 31 is a calendar reporting period. If the dates are different, then such reporting is called a financial year. If we talk about accounting standards, then the formation should occur quarterly, and annual reports should be compiled from the final balance sheet, which will contain indicators: finances, cash and capital flows, property assets. Also, we must not forget about the forms of interim accounting. They must duplicate the final indicators. An exception in this case may be audit certificates.

The chief accountant in an organization must prepare quarterly reports, that is, balance the balance sheet every three months. It is important to understand that the first report, after the company has registered with the tax authorities, will be: registration date - end of the year. That is, if a company began to engage in commercial activities on September 1, then reporting will have to be prepared from this date to December 31 and submitted to the Federal Tax Service.

On a note! The tax period is covered by Article No. 285 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Differences from the billing period

The reporting period is a quarter, half a year and a year, and the estimated time period implies the interval between these positions, when the accountant has the opportunity to “tweak” the balance and make adjustments. The difference is that if reporting has a strict framework, then the calculation period means the entire time period that contains a specific report. The reporting year is regulated by the Federal Law “On Accounting”, Article No. 14.

Periods, both settlement and reporting, are directly related to insurance and the Pension Fund. Article No. 10 of the Federal Law “On Insurance Contributions to the Pension Fund” mentions that calculations for insurance transfers must be carried out for the entire period of the calendar year.

Difference

Differences from tax

The reporting year is the calendar period from January 1 to December 31. During this period of time, the accounting department must submit an income tax return. Most organizations strive to submit their reports before the new year, but the Tax Services provide some deferral time. Submission after December 31st will not be considered a violation. It all depends on what specific tax is meant. Examples:

• Income tax is due in the first quarter, then in the middle of the month and for the quarter before the last date - December 31.
• If we talk about private individuals who calculate monthly advance payments based on the actual profit received, a month, two months, three months, and so on until the end of the calendar year are recognized.
• At the end of each time period, advance payments must be made.

On a note! In some cases, monthly periods apply.

Periods for which financial statements are provided

Accounting statements of budgetary institutions can be divided into intra-annual and annual. Intra-annual includes reporting for the month, quarter and half-year and is interim. It is maintained from the beginning of the reporting period in accrual order.

Quarterly reporting is submitted based on current data as of July 1, April 1 and October 1. The half-year reporting period lasts until July 1, and the annual reporting period is considered to be a calendar year: from January 1 to December 31.

For an organization that was formed less than a year ago, annual reporting is carried out from the moment of registration of the institution until December 31.

A budgetary institution that was formed during the current financial year as a result of a change in its organizational form must maintain annual reports from the moment the decision was made to change the form of organization until December 31. For example, if the establishment type changed on August 7, the reporting period would run from August 7 until the end of the calendar year.

When transforming a municipal institution into a state-owned institution, the reporting year is counted from January 1 until the moment of changing the type of institution. That is, if an institution changed its status on October 10, financial statements for the year are provided for the period from January 1 to October 10.

Accounting statements for the month

As monthly reporting, a document is provided on the execution of the cost estimate. Institutions that are funded by administrative-territorial entities fill out the report using the 1-mm form. Organizations whose financial resources come from federal institutions provide a report in Form 2-MFB.

Those municipal organizations that have income from the provision of paid services or other activities also draw up a Report on the implementation of estimates for extra-budgetary resources (form 4). If there are several sources of extra-budgetary income, then a 4-consolidated form is filled out.

Quarterly financial statements of budgetary institutions

The following documentation must be included in quarterly reporting:

1. Certificate of consolidated settlements (on form 0503725). Contains unified information on profits and losses, changes in data in capital and the dynamics of the flow of cash resources regarding consolidated business entities within the institution.
2. Report on the organization's obligations (form 0503738). It contains information about obligatory expenditures during the financial period.
3. Report on the flow of financial resources (form 0503723). Includes information about the accrual and deduction of various amounts regarding certain types of activities carried out by the institution.
4. Data on the implementation of court decisions on financial obligations (on form 0503295).
5. Explanatory note to the institution's balance sheet (according to form 0503760). It includes the following items:

• content of accounting policies, rules for accounting for assets and expenses;
• information about liabilities and assets;
• assessment of the balance sheet content and income dynamics;
• conditional facts of economic activity.

Half-year reporting

The 6 month report should include:

1. Certificate of consolidated settlements (form 0503725).
2. Report on the implementation of planning financial and economic work (on form 0503737).
3. Report on the institution's obligations (form 0503738).
4. Explanatory note to the institution's balance sheet (according to form 0503760).
5. Report on the dynamics of monetary resources (form 0503723).

Annual financial statements of budgetary institutions

The accounting reports of a municipal institution for the year contain:

1. Balance sheet of a state institution (according to form 0503730). Describes the state of finances and property, namely assets, liabilities and equity.
2. Certificate of consolidated settlements (on form 0503725).
3. Certificate on the establishment of accounting accounts for the current financial year (form 0503710).
4. Report on the implementation of planning for financial and economic work (on form 0503737).
5. Report on the institution's obligations (form 0503738).
6. Report on the financial outcome of the functioning of the institution (on form 0503721).
7. Report on the dynamics of the institution's monetary resources (on form 0503723).
8. Explanatory note to the institution's balance sheet (according to form 0503760).
9. Data on the execution of court decisions on financial obligations (on form 0503295).

What are the reporting periods in financial statements?

The reporting date of financial statements is the time period established at the legislative level: January 1 - December 31. Exceptional moments are considered: creation, reorganization or liquidation of a legal entity. The need to provide accounting reports is prescribed by law, but there are intervals for its preparation. Clause No. 6, Article No. 15 of Federal Law-402 defines the code in the financial statements as number 34.

Variations:

• The interval can be exactly a year, but if it does not start on January 1, then it is usually called financial.
• Interim or intra-annual may include a month or a quarter. It is most often used for monthly and quarterly registers.
• If we talk about the Tax Authority, then a citizen or an accountant of an enterprise must submit a report there within three months after the start of the new year.

Types of OP
Based on the third point, the reporting period is 365 days. To understand how much time is available for filing documents, it is worth revisiting the law. Reporting on profits and expenses must be submitted to tax inspectors by the end of March; the 30th or 31st is considered the last day. After this, penalties will be charged for each day of delay. That is, after the year is completed, the accounting department is given a full three months to balance the balance sheet and prepare the report.

Codes of reporting periods of financial statements

The reporting year provides special coding for documents and periods. In the process of forming accounting records, tables, graphs and application forms are compiled. There is a lot of data, and so that accounting workers can process information more quickly, a special encoding was introduced. The State Duma developed appendix number three to the order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated October 29, 2014, which was later edited. It is there that the codes are written that all employees of the accounting departments are required to use. Basic designations:

• 21 - first quarter;
• 31 - 6 months (six months);
• 33 - 9 months;
• 34 - year;
• 50 is the last reporting period.

The last code applies only if the organization undergoes global changes or reorganization. Also, in the event of a company being declared bankrupt or an object being liquidated, the last reporting time period must also be generated and submitted in the form of a report to the Tax Authorities.

On a note! When preparing a report, it is important to check the final figures. They must match, otherwise it will become clear to the auditors that there were errors during the recording of information and the balance sheet.

Codes for the balance sheet

Rules for preparing financial statements

The accounting reports of budgetary institutions have been maintained since the beginning of the year in rubles, the values ​​​​are indicated with an accuracy of hundredths, that is, to the nearest kopeck. Negative accounting indicators are entered in the corresponding columns with a minus sign.

Reporting data must contain information about all divisions and individual branches of the institution. Information is provided to the government body that assumed the functions of the founder in relation to this organization.

The reporting documentation is signed by the head of the institution and the chief accountant. If the report contains financial forecasts, plans and other analytical information, it is also signed by the head of the financial analysis department.

Typically, reporting is prepared in two identical copies: the first for the institution and the second for the founder. The document itself is stapled and formatted as a brochure, and the pages are numbered. Attached to it is an accompanying paper describing the types of documents included in the reporting and indicating the corresponding pages.

Transfer of reporting to the founder

Reporting can be prepared both on paper and in electronic format. In the first case, the date of submission of reports is considered to be the day the responsible representative of the organization personally contacts the founder with the provision of a report to him, in the second - the date of sending the report via telecommunications.

If the reporting is in electronic format, it must meet the standards approved by the financial authorities.

Reporting in paper form is transferred to the founder by a representative of the budgetary institution. The founder puts a mark on the copy belonging to the institution with the date of acceptance of the reporting and signature. If the report was submitted electronically, a notification of acceptance is sent, also electronically.

The manager has the right to transfer the maintenance of the institution’s accounting records to the centralized accounting department. In this case, the accounting documentation is signed by three persons:

• head of the institution;
• head of centralized accounting;
• chief accountant.

Reporting data can be provided to the founder directly by centralized accounting, without the participation of the head of the budgetary institution.

If the founder or head of the organization submitting the report has identified errors in the accounting information (including as a result of a desk audit), the institution submits new reports with the errors corrected. This reporting is accompanied by a cover letter listing the amendments made. If errors were discovered during the desk audit, a copy of the relevant notice is also attached.

How to prepare this report

Before examining the reporting rules, it is worth highlighting the edited parts. Below are the main changes that every employee in the accounting department should be aware of:

• The unit of measurement has become thousands of rubles; you cannot fill out reports in millions.
• OKVED has been replaced by OKVED2.
• A new line has been added in which the inspector specifies whether a particular organization requires an audit or not, as well as full information about the auditor.

The accountant can remove or add items himself, despite the fact that the full form of the balance sheet recommends highlighting it in the appropriate sections of the balance sheet. The more amendments and comments an employee provides when preparing a report, the higher the reliability of the prepared reporting. There is a simplified form in which small entrepreneurs work, in which some articles are interconnected. This greatly facilitates the work of the compiler and the reviewer. When drawing up a balance, you must follow a number of rules:

• the source of information for drawing up the balance sheet is accounting data;
• accounting data must be generated according to the rules of the current accounting regulations and in accordance with the accounting policies adopted by the enterprise;
• credentials must meet the requirements of completeness and reliability;
• an enterprise that has branches draws up a single balance sheet for the organization;
• the data reflected in the balance sheet must be;
• the allocation of items in sections of the balance sheet is carried out according to the principle of materiality;
• the reporting period for the balance sheet is a calendar year;
• assets and liabilities reflected in the balance sheet should be divided into short-term and long-term;
• offset between items of assets and liabilities is not made if it is not provided for by the PBU;
• property is valued at its “net” value (less regulatory items);
• The accounting data of the annual report must be confirmed by the inventory.

Important! Make comparisons with data from previous periods and check the status of indicators at the time of drawing up the report.

Form

How to submit a reporting period

Sometimes an organization has to submit reports not for a quarter, half a year or year, but for one month. In this case, you can use a simplified form. The reporting month is the same time period for which you need to provide a consolidated balance sheet for profits, expenses and tax deductions. This document should be drawn up only on the basis of verified information and official papers.

As stated below, such accounting reports must be submitted by March 30-31 of each year. Each accountant must send the completed form not only to the Tax Service, to the Statistics Committee, but also to other government agencies. If audit activities were carried out during the reporting period, then a copy of the report must also be sent to the State Committee. The accountant has the right to provide documentation ahead of schedule, because deadlines for delivery are not established by current legislation. The main thing is that this happens before the end of March. Basic moments:

• You can send the report by email, through your personal account at the Federal Tax Service or by registered letter.
• The form must be signed not only by the chief accountant, but also by the head of the financial department and the director.
• If the balance does not add up, there is no need to send raw numbers. You should report any inconsistencies to the inspector who supervises the organization and ask for assistance.

On a note! Approximate figures will lead to the fact that the balance will not add up and the tax inspector will want to conduct an audit for the entire life of the organization.

Generating, uploading, sending a report

What is the responsibility for violating the deadlines for submitting these reports?

Having found out how a report should be prepared, what a reporting and billing period is and what the difference is, you need to clarify the issue of responsibility. Any violation: failure to submit accounting reports, delay or provision of false information is punishable by law. If a company delays delivery without a valid reason, then according to paragraph No. 1, Article No. 119 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, penalties are equal to 5% of the amount of tax or contribution. Even if the transfer amount is small, the fine cannot be less than 1 thousand rubles. There are limitations to this issue. Penalties cannot exceed 30% of the unpaid amount.

Article No. 116 states that inspectors have the right to impose fines if accountants provide false or inaccurate information. There, prices already depend on the severity of non-connections. If there is no 2-NDFL certificate, then for each form that is not provided you will have to pay two hundred rubles. In the absence of 6-NDFL, the penalty for each certificate is already one thousand rubles. In addition, the inspector can block current accounts, which will affect the operation of the entire enterprise. This right of inspection is provided for in paragraph No. 3, Article No. 76 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Responsibility

The reporting tax period is a time period during which all taxpayers are required to submit declarations and reports. This issue is regulated by the Tax Code, Article No. 393. There are certain forms that every accountant must follow when drawing up documents. The structure was edited several times, but in the end the balance sheet form was approved by order No. 61n dated April 19, 2019.

Composition of interim financial statements and the procedure for their submission

Interim reporting is prepared according to the same principles as annual reporting. In most cases, it includes the “Balance Sheet” and “Income Statement”. The forms currently in force were approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n (as amended on March 6, 2018). An example of filling out interim reporting can be downloaded at the end of the article.

Reporting is completed on a specific date (usually the last day of a quarter, month, etc.). It should be taken into account that the procedure for filling out line 1370 of the balance sheet “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” in this case differs from the annual report. Indeed, as of the interim reporting date, account 99 “Profits and losses” has not yet been closed. Therefore, the value of line 1370 includes the amount of the balance on account 99 and the retained earnings (loss) accumulated over previous periods on account 84.

The deadlines for interim financial statements are established by the relevant federal law or local regulations. For example, issuers of securities prepare interim financial statements within 60 days after the end of the reporting period (Clause 12, Article 30 of Law No. 39-FZ).

Users of interim reporting, depending on the basis for its preparation, may be:

• Owners of the company.
• Banks and other potential investors.
• Counterparties.
• State regulatory authorities (in cases established by law, for example, insurance supervisory authorities).
• Unlimited circle of users (disclosure of information by issuers of securities).

But there is no need to submit interim reports to the tax inspectorate and statistics - these structures receive only annual reports (clause 2, article 18 of Law No. 402-FZ and subclause 5, clause 1, article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).