Calculation of insurance premiums to extra-budgetary funds
Calculate insurance premiums on the last day of each month separately for each insured person and each type of contribution. In 2021, insurance premiums are paid for:
- compulsory pension insurance (OPI) at a rate of 22%;
- compulsory health insurance (CHI) at a rate of 5.1%;
- compulsory social insurance (OSI) for temporary disability and in connection with maternity (VNIM) – 2.9%.
Above are the basic contribution rates. For some policyholders, reduced and additional rates are provided. For details, see the material “Insurance premium rates in the table.”
From April 2021, the part of the salary that is above the minimum wage is subject to insurance contributions at reduced rates. These tariffs are available only to those taxpayers who belong to small and medium-sized businesses. ConsultantPlus experts spoke in more detail about the new tariffs for insurance premiums. Get trial access to the K+ system and upgrade to the Ready Solution for free.
The employer pays insurance premiums at his own expense to the tax office no later than the 15th day of the month following the month in which insurance premiums are calculated.
In addition to the above contributions, the employer pays insurance premiums against accidents at work to the Social Insurance Fund. The rate varies from 0.2% to 8.5% and depends on the main type of activity of the policyholder.
How to determine the tariff size, see here.
To calculate contributions, use the formula:
ATTENTION! When calculating the contribution base, take into account the approved limits. In 2021, the limits for VNIM are 966,000 rubles, for OPS – 1,465,000 rubles. Read more about applying limits here.
Employers must keep records of contributions for all funds separately.
To obtain information about contributions, account 69 “Social insurance payments” is divided into three sub-accounts, namely:
- 69.1 - information on contributions to OSS;
- 69.2 - information on contributions to compulsory pension insurance;
- 69.3 - information on contributions to compulsory medical insurance.
Subaccount 69.1 is further divided into second-order accounts (69.1.1 - social insurance for VNIM; 69.1.2 - injury insurance) or an additional subaccount of account 69 is used (for example, 69.11) to account for contributions for injuries.
This grouping by accounts allows you to track all movements of funds for each fund.
Mechanism and timing of writing off accounts payable
Accounts payable (hereinafter referred to as accounts payable) may arise for an organization to customers, suppliers, its own employees, founders, subsidiaries, lenders and the budget.
It is taken into account in the financial statements until maturity. If repayment does not occur, but the creditor does not take any action to collect the debt, after a certain time (statute of limitations), such a claim must be written off (clause 7, 10.4 of PBU 9/99).
The generally established statute of limitations by virtue of Art. 195, 196 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation is 3 years from the moment the obligation arises.
Moreover, if during these 3 years the debtor, by his actions, actually acknowledged the existence of a debt, then the statute of limitations is interrupted and counted anew (the list of possible actions is contained in the resolution of the plenum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation dated September 29, 2015 No. 43).
Shortcomings in an organization are written off separately for each reason.
The first step towards writing off short-circuits is to carry out an inventory (drawn up by order of the manager).
We talked about how the inventory of receivables and payables occurs here.
And here you will find a sample order for conducting an inventory.
Based on its results, an inventory report is drawn up, which reflects the size of the shortfall in relation to each basis separately.
To identify shortcomings on insurance premiums, see the article “How can I find out the debt on insurance premiums?”
On the basis of such an act, as well as an accounting certificate, an order from the head of the organization is formed to write off the shortfall on a specific basis.
In business practice, many situations may arise that require the write-off of short-circuits. Let's look at the most common ones.
The most common case is the write-off of claims to suppliers and contractors for supplies (work, services). In accounting, such an operation is formalized by posting: D 60 K 91-1.
It is often necessary to write off a claim based on an advance payment received, for which deliveries were never made. To write off accounts payable, the posting should look like this: D 62 K 91-1.
For information on what to do with VAT in such situations, see the article “VAT when writing off accounts payable: problematic situations.”
It is also impossible to exclude the possibility of a shortcoming in front of personnel regarding wages or in cases where the accountable person has overspent the funds issued. As a general rule, if an employee has not been paid some part of the amount due (salary or bonus), then such debt is considered deposited and reflected in account 76. In this case, the following entry is used to write off accounts payable to personnel: D 76 K 91-1.
There are no specific rules regarding accountable persons, therefore the write-off of short-term debt to the accountable person in the amount of the overexpenditure incurred by him is documented by posting: D 71 K 91-1.
Claims to the founders regarding the payment of dividends are a common situation in times of crisis. Since the organization pays dividends from net profit, when unclaimed debt on dividends is written off, such profit is restored (Clause 9, Article 42 of the Federal Law “On Joint-Stock Companies” dated December 26.
According to accounting rules, settlements with staff are recorded on account 70, and with shareholders (who are not on staff) - on account 75. Depending on who exactly the participant is, such an operation is recorded in one of the following entries:
- D 75-2 (if the shareholder does not work in this organization) K 84;
- D 70 (if the participant is employed in the organization) K 84.
We suggest you read: How you can check your insurance premium calculations
Contributions listed: what kind of postings are made?
Insurance premiums are transferred monthly no later than the 15th day of the month following the month of accrual (clause 3 of Article 431 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and clause 4 of Article 22 of the Law “On Mandatory Social Insurance” dated July 24, 1998 No. 125-FZ). When transferring funds to pay contributions, indicate the subaccount number of the corresponding fund in debit, and account 51 in credit, which reflects the current accounts of the company. The posting for payment of contributions (using the example of a pension fund) is as follows: Dt 69.2 Kt 51. Postings are made similarly for other subaccounts of each fund.
The accountant of Smiley LLC transferred the contributions untimely.
How to make a payment for insurance premiums, see here.
She reflected the following entries in accounting:
Dt 69.2 Kt 51 - 19,340.16 rubles;
Dt 69.3 Kt 51 – 6,708.58 rub.;
Dt 69.1 Kt 51 – RUB 1,483.88;
Dt 69.11 Kt 51 – 264 rub.
Transfer of insurance premiums for each fund must be carried out in separate payment orders. When paying contributions to funds, you need to pay special attention to the timing of their payment. For late payment of insurance premiums, organizations are charged penalties. Penalties are calculated for each day of late payment from the day following the payment due date until the day of payment inclusive. The amount of the penalty interest is taken at the rate of 1/300 of the Central Bank refinancing rate, and for companies - 1/300 for the first 30 days of delay and 1/150 of the refinancing rate starting from 31 days.
Also, the accountant of Smiley LLC calculated the penalties using our calculator and transferred them to the budget. She reflected the following entries in accounting:
Dt 99 Kt 69 (for subaccounts) - penalties accrued.
Dt 69 (for subaccounts) Kt 51 – penalties are transferred to the budget.
See also “Accounting entries when calculating penalties for taxes.”
If the policyholder does not also provide a calculation of contributions to the relevant fund, an additional fine will be issued. It will be 5% for each month of delay. It is calculated from the amount of accrued contributions for the last 3 months. The maximum fine is 30% of this amount, the minimum is 1,000 rubles.
The entry when calculating a fine or penalty will be Dt 91 Kt 69.1. Account 91 “Other income and expenses” is used here. True, there is another opinion that in this case you need to use account 99. The choice of account depends on the accounting procedure for such expenses adopted in accounting, which is enshrined in the accounting policy of the organization.
The material “Basic entries when paying penalties on insurance premiums” will help you figure out which account should be used to calculate penalties on insurance premiums.
Accrued penalties and fines do not reduce taxable profit (clause 2 of Article 270 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).
For information on what sanctions and fines are provided for non-payment of premiums, see the material “What is the responsibility for non-payment of insurance premiums?”
Find out about liability for late payment of taxes and contributions in the Ready-made solution from ConsultantPlus. If you don't have access to the system, get a free trial online.
When an accountant needs to accrue temporary disability benefits, they use the following entry: Dt 69.1 Kt 70 (for regular sick leave) or Dt 69.1.2 (69.11) Kt 70 (for benefits due to an industrial injury).
ATTENTION! Since 2021, all regions of the Russian Federation have joined the FSS pilot project “Direct Payments”. Our experts have prepared a guide for accountants. To avoid making mistakes in your calculations, study this material.
As for temporary disability benefits, the first 3 days are paid for by the organization, the rest - by the Social Insurance Fund. For the calculation, data on earnings for 2 years before the occurrence of the insured event is used. The benefit amount for a calendar month should not be less than calculated from the minimum wage (RUB 12,792 in 2021).
About accounting entries for account 69
It is necessary to take into account the interaction of account 69 with other transactions reflecting accruals made on the earnings of employees.
69 in debit correlates with the following postings by section:
- the fifth – 50, 51, 52, 55, reflecting transactions in cash and non-cash payments (including foreign exchange);
- sixth (70) – where employee earnings are calculated.
The interaction of credit 69 with transactions from the following sections is noted:
- first (for non-current assets) – 08;
- third (for production expenses), including insurance transfers for personnel of various productions;
- fourth (for finished products and products) – 44 (for enterprises in the trading industry);
- fifth – 51, 52;
- sixth – for transactions made with employees (70, 73);
- eighth (based on financial performance) – 91, 96, 97, 99.
Related article: Posting the payment of an insurance premium
There may be a relationship with postings that indicate the company's expenses and receipts.
About the main transactions for extra-budgetary funds
Debit entries are made for the following main items:
- Kt50 – contributions paid in cash;
- Kt51 – payments made to social insurance and other government agencies (including payments for debt payments) by non-cash method;
- Kt52 – deductions on repaid debt for the unified social tax, made in foreign currency;
- Kt55 – deductions for debt for unified social tax using special company accounts;
- Kt70 – compensation payments accrued to personnel within the framework of social insurance.
Credit transactions include the following lines (the index Kt69 is additionally used at the end of the designation):
- 08-1 – for deductions of contributions made for workers engaged in landscaping;
- 08-3 – for deductions for unified social tax and insurance payments caused by construction carried out on one’s own;
- 20 – transfers for key production personnel;
- 23 – funds that the enterprise pays for support personnel;
- 25 – deductions for employees of working structural units;
- 26 – fees for managers;
- 28 – personnel correcting defective products;
- 29 – service sector;
- 44 – for employees of the trade sector;
- 51 – for the return of overpaid social insurance contributions;
- 52 – for the return of currency overpayments;
- 55 – returns on special company accounts;
- 79 – deductions from earnings for sanatorium treatment paid for by the Social Insurance Fund;
- 91-2 – social contributions for personnel receiving other payments;
- 99 – penalties and penalties for social payments.
Analysis of transactions on the listed sub-accounts allows you to get a complete picture of the deductions that were made through postings for social insurance.
Results
Attribute insurance premiums to cost accounting accounts 20,23,25,26,44, etc. To break down insurance premiums by type, use account 69 and various subaccounts. When transferring contributions to the budget, record the posting Dt 69 (for subaccounts) Kt 51. If during the reporting period there was sick leave paid for from the Social Insurance Fund, reflect it with the posting Dt 69 Kt 70.
Sources:
- tax code
- Law “On the Fund’s Budget...” dated December 2, 2019 No. 384-FZ
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