How to write off a loss received when applying the simplified tax system

Regulatory regulation of loss write-off

Basis for writing off losses from previous years

During the write-off of losses incurred in previous years, it is reflected in the corporate income tax, which is a direct tax, and its value is directly proportional to the final financial results. The rules for imposing this tax are defined in Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

A loss is the negative result between income received and expenses. In this case, the tax base for this reporting period is assumed to be zero. It is possible to reduce the tax base due to losses incurred in previous periods in the next period. In this case, the loss must be documented, that is, the grounds that led to such losses (contracts, checks, receipts, invoices, acts, etc.) are required. The declaration for previous periods is not the basis for confirming this loss, so it is important to keep the primary documentation. If there are no supporting documents, any audit will be considered an unlawful reduction in the tax base and additional income tax will be charged.

Important! If a taxpayer who uses special regimes receives losses after switching to OSNO, the taxpayer will not be able to take into account losses incurred during periods of being in the special regime on OSNO.

Loss carry forward rules

The amount of the loss can be carried forward to the future, but no more than 10 years in advance (for example, if the loss was received in 2021, then the last year for its write-off is 2026). In this case, the size of the loss and its amount, which reduces the tax base in each tax period, must be documented (for example, primary documentation (acts, invoices, etc.), copies of tax returns, a book of income and expenses). You must keep documents confirming the amount of loss incurred and the amount accepted for reduction for each year for the entire period of using the right to transfer it.

The loss of previous years can be written off in the current tax period in full. The balance of the unwritten loss can be carried forward (in whole or in part) to any year out of the next nine years. If a taxpayer received losses in more than one tax period, such losses are carried forward to future tax periods in the order in which they were received.

Upon termination of activities in connection with reorganization, the successor organization has the right to reduce the tax base by the amount of losses received by the reorganized organizations before the moment of reorganization.

This procedure is provided for in paragraphs 2–7 of clause 7 of Article 346.18 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Tax Code of the Russian Federation on the transfer of losses

The Tax Code has granted taxpayers the right to reduce the tax base due to losses received in previous years by the amount (part thereof) of the loss incurred.

From 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2021, the limit on the amount of write-off has changed - the maximum of the tax base of the reporting period should be 50% (that is, the current taxable profit can be reduced by no more than 2 times).

This procedure is used to write off losses for the previous 10 years. Thus, in declarations for 2021, you can write off losses from 2007 and later, in 2021 - from 2008 and later, etc.

At the same time, it is possible to write off losses both at the end of the year and at the end of the reporting period, that is, the declaration assumes the calculation of advance payments based on the results of the reporting periods, taking into account past losses.

Losses incurred in different periods should be carried forward in the order in which they were received, that is, losses for 2009 can be carried forward only after they have been repaid for 2008 (in 2021).

Losses on transactions taxed at a rate of 20% reduce the income tax base at the corresponding rate.

Transferring losses from last year in the 1C: Accounting program

If before the balance sheet reformation you did not make entries with the end date of last year, the program will not close January, and in the routine operation “Calculation of income tax”, you will see the following message:

Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation According to the law, transferring losses to the future is the right, but not the obligation of the taxpayer.

Features of tax accounting in 1C However, if an organization applies the provisions of PBU 18/02 and at the end of the year a loss is received, it will not be possible to close the month.

How to transfer a loss correctly in order to start writing it off next year?

Let's look at a specific example. Let's assume that the amount of loss is 7,649,406.78 rubles.

1. Cancel the balance sheet reformation

Balance sheet reformation is a routine operation that is performed automatically at the end of each year.

To cancel it, open the month closing assistant and click on Balance reformation → Cancel operation

2. Find out the amount of tax loss

To transfer a loss, use one of 3 methods for generating reports:

Method No. 1

Go to the “Reporting” section and click Regulated reports → Create

In the window that opens:

1. generate a report “Income Tax Return”
2. don't forget to check line 100, section 02

Method No. 2

1. generate a standard report “Account 99 Analysis”
2. pay attention to tax accounting indicators
3. to see the loss, look at the debit balance

Method No. 3

View the report “Help for income tax calculation” based on tax accounting data

3. Create an “operation” document

Open the “Deferred expenses” directory and create a manual transaction for transferring losses dated 12/31/2017. Specify the type for tax accounting → Losses of previous years

1. Find out the amount of tax asset that needs to be taken into account
2. Create a balance sheet for account 09

Entry 1.

Dt 09, subconto expenses of future periods - Kt 09, subconto loss of the current period.

ACCOUNTING Amount RUB 1,529,881.36.

We took it from the turnover of account 09 with the asset type “loss of the current period.”

This amount should be exactly equal to 7,649,406.78 * 20% (income tax rate).

Entry 2.

Dt 97.21 - Kt 99.01.1.

Amount Bu → do not fill in

Amount of tax (Dt) → 7,649,406.78 rub.

Amount VR (Dt) → – 7,649,406.78 rub.

The subconto for account 97.21 is filled out as in the figure below.

After completing the manual operation, go back to the Month Closing form for December 2017 and perform the following sequence of actions:

1. Re-posting documents for the month → select the “Skip operation” command
2. Balance reform → select the “Perform operation” command
3. Select the command “Run month closing”

If everything is done correctly, then there should be no errors.

An example of transferring losses from 2007 to 2010 to 2021

Based on the results of 2007-2010, Alpha and Omega LLC received the following losses: (click to expand)

These losses were not previously taken into account by the organization. In 2021, a profit from core activities was generated in the amount of RUB 200,000.

The 10-year limit on writing off losses does not apply from 2021 (but the earliest period is 01/01/2017), therefore, for 2021, in calculating the income tax, Alpha and Omega LLC can write off a loss for 2007 in the amount of 100,000 rubles ., which represents 50% of 2021 profits. The remaining losses for 2008-2010 can be written off in subsequent reporting periods (provided there is a profit). And first you need to write off the loss for 2008 (50,000 rubles), and subsequently - the losses for subsequent years.

The procedure for closing reporting periods and determining financial results

The reporting period is closed as follows:

1. expenses are written off (for production and sales)
2. comparison of data on debit and credit of accounts 90 and 91
3. debiting to account 99:

• profit (positive difference) on credit 99
• loss (negative difference) to debit 99

Calculation of conditional income (or expense) for income tax

According to PBU 18/02, with the closing of the reporting period, the conditional income tax expense (income) is reflected in accounting using the following formula:

Conditional income tax expense (or income) = Accounting profit (or loss) for the reporting period (balance on subaccounts 90-9 and 91-9) * 20%

This amount is reflected in account 99 Profit and loss in the open subaccount Conditional expense (income) for income tax.

In accounting, the accrual of the amount of the conditional expense for the reporting period will be reflected by the posting:

D 99 subaccount Conditional income tax expense K 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”

And the accrual of the amount of conditional income for the reporting period

Debit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” Credit 99 subaccount “Conditional income for income tax”

At the end of the reporting period, the following entry is made in tax accounting to reflect the loss (repaid in the following reporting periods):

Debit 09 Credit 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax”

Accounting for writing off losses from previous years

According to the Instructions for the chart of accounts and PBU 18/02, losses are recognized at a time. Due to the fact that the loss for tax purposes is taken into account in subsequent reporting periods, deductible temporary differences are formed in accounting, which will lead to the formation of a deferred tax asset.

The amount of the deferred tax asset will be repaid when the loss is written off in tax accounting and will be repaid as the resulting loss is taken into account when assessing income tax.

In a situation where the organization has not taken into account the loss, the outstanding balance of the deferred tax asset will need to be reflected by posting:

D 99 K 09 – the outstanding deferred tax asset is written off

Confirmation of the loss in the form of documents must be kept for the period during which the profit decreases by the amount of the loss. After repayment of the entire amount of the loss, supporting documents must be kept for 4 years (Article 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Example of accounting for losses carried forward

For the first half of 2021, profit is reflected in the Alpha and Omega tax accounting. For 2021 as a whole, a loss of 50,000 rubles was formed.

Posting was done in December 2021:

D 09 K 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” – 10,000 rubles. (RUB 50,000 * 20%) – a deferred tax asset is reflected.

In the first quarter of 2021, a profit of 80,000 rubles was received. This profit must be reduced due to the loss of 2021 by 40,000 rubles.

The tax asset is reimbursed in the following way:

D 68 subaccount “Calculations for income tax” K 09 – 8000 rub. (RUB 40,000 * 20%) – part of the deferred tax asset is repaid.

The remaining amount of loss is 10,000 rubles. approximately in the next reporting periods the income tax base will be reduced and the remaining portion of the deferred tax asset in the amount of 2,000 rubles will be repaid. (10,000 rub. – 8,000 rub.).

The occurrence of a loss during work in 1C

As an example, consider a situation in which a company, based on the results of work in the last quarter of the previous year, received a loss in the amount of 235,593.27 rubles. After the New Year, January ended with a profit of 211,864.41 rubles.

The transactions generated at the end of December of the previous year contain the following data:

In this case, the data is obtained in the system automatically by Closing the month with the implementation of the established list of routine operations. Conducted through the section “Operations” - “Closing the period” - “Closing the month”.

As a result, recorded losses are reflected as a deferred tax asset. At the end of the month, the postings show a financial result in the amount of 245,762.71 rubles.

To obtain information about financial results for the entire period under review, you will need to generate a “Calculation of income tax” certificate. Access to it is through the section “Operations” - “References-calculations” - “Accounting and tax accounting” - “Calculation of income tax”.

Column 10 in the calculation certificate shows that during the period under review the company incurred losses in the amount of 235,593.27 rubles.

The procedure for reflecting losses in the declaration

The transfer of losses must be indicated in the income tax return.

The declaration does not provide for the calculation of a limit of 50% of profit, but the report must indicate that the decrease in profit is only for the loss that is recorded in the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (50%): (click to expand)

• lines 010-130 reflect the entire amount of losses from previous years, supported by documents
• lines 140 and 150 must match the following: line 150 is less than or equal to line 140 * 50%.

The amount of income tax reflected in accounting at the end of the reporting quarter or year must match the amount reflected in the tax return.

Acting State Advisor of the Russian Federation, 3rd class S. Razgulin

Reflection of profit in the current period

We would like to remind you that at the end of January the company made a profit of 211,864.41 rubles. It is necessary to close this month by generating a report with transactions for the “Write-off of losses of previous years” operation.

And operations “Calculation of income tax”

Errors when carrying forward losses

1. When transferring losses that have arisen in the activities of an organization when operating under other tax regimes (special), the income tax base is not reduced, that is, if losses were incurred when applying the simplified tax system until the end of 2013, since 2014 the organization has been operating under the OSNO, then it is possible transfer losses incurred since 2014 (according to letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated September 25, 2009 No. 03-03-06/1/617). At the same time, losses during the transition from OSNO to the special regime are not transferred.
2. With regard to losses generated during periods of application of the 0% profit tax rate, it should be noted that they cannot be carried forward to the future (medical, educational organizations and social service organizations, agricultural producers, participants in the Skolkovo project).

Carrying forward losses

As a general rule, losses can be carried forward to the future, but not more than 10 years. The exception is losses from hydrocarbon production activities in new offshore fields. Such losses can be carried forward over a longer period. This is stated in paragraph 2 of Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Losses can be taken into account not only at the end of the year, but also at the end of each reporting period (1st quarter, half a year, nine months). This is stated in paragraph 1 of paragraph 1 of Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The procedure for filling out an income tax return also presupposes the ability to calculate advance payments based on the results of reporting periods, taking into account the losses of previous years. At the same time, despite the fact that Appendix 4 to sheet 02 of the tax return is filled out only as part of the declaration for the first quarter and for the year (clause 1.1 of the Procedure approved by order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated March 22, 2012 No. ММВ-7-3/174) , losses from previous years can be excluded from the tax base when calculating tax for both the first half of the year and nine months (letter of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated July 27, 2009 No. 3-2-10/18).

Losses incurred in more than one tax period are carried forward to the future in the order in which they were incurred. That is, take newly received losses into account in the tax base only after the losses that arose in previous years have been repaid. This procedure is provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Losses can be carried forward not in every tax period, but at intervals over time. In any case, the period of time during which a loss in a particular year can reduce the tax base should not exceed 10 years (except for losses from hydrocarbon production activities in new offshore fields). Any loss not written off during this period remains outstanding. This follows from the provisions of paragraph 3 of paragraph 2 of Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The amount of loss incurred on transactions that are taxed on profits at a rate of 20 percent, when carried forward to the future, does not need to be reduced by the amount of income received on transactions that are taxed on profits at rates of 9 or 15 percent (letters from the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 16 2010 No. 03-03-05/159, dated September 21, 2009 No. 03-03-06/2/177, Federal Tax Service of Russia for Moscow dated January 14, 2010 No. 16-12/001756, resolution of the Presidium Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated March 17, 2009 No. 14955/08).

When filling out Appendix 4 to sheet 02 of the income tax return, the amounts of income reflected in sheet 04 of the tax return are not taken into account.

An example of how to reflect the loss of previous years in the income tax return for the reporting period.

Alpha LLC pays income tax quarterly.

At the end of 2015, Alpha received a loss on its core activities in the amount of 20,000 rubles. (line 060 of sheet 02 of the declaration, approved by order of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated November 26, 2014 No. ММВ-7-3/600). Until this time, the organization had no losses. Alpha does not conduct operations whose financial results are accounted for in a special manner.

In the first quarter of 2021, the organization received a profit from its core activities in the amount of 10,000 rubles. (line 060 of sheet 02 of the declaration). The current tax base was 10,000 rubles. (line 100 of sheet 02 of the declaration).

The accountant reflected the calculation of the amount of loss carried forward to the first quarter of 2021 in Appendix 4 to sheet 02 of the income tax return.

In it, the accountant stated:

• the amount of loss from previous years (lines 010 and 040) – 20,000 rubles;
• the amount of the tax base for the first quarter of 2021, which can be reduced by last year’s loss from operating activities (line 140), is 10,000 rubles;
• the amount of loss by which the current tax base can be reduced (line 150) is 10,000 rubles.

The accountant put dashes on line 160.

To reduce the tax base for the first quarter of 2021 (line 100 of sheet 02 of the declaration), Alpha included part of the loss of previous years (line 060 of sheet 02 of the declaration for 2015) in the amount of 10,000 rubles. (line 110 of sheet 02 of the declaration for the first quarter of 2021).

An example of the order of transfer of losses from previous years when calculating income tax

At the end of 2014–2015, Alpha LLC incurred losses:

• in 2014 – loss on core activities in the amount of RUB 200,000;
• in 2015 – loss from core activities in the amount of RUB 50,000.

At the end of 2021, the organization received a profit from its core activities in the amount of 200,000 rubles.

When calculating income tax for 2021, Alpha can write off the loss incurred in 2014.

Situation: is it possible to carry forward a loss received at the end of the reporting period when calculating income tax?

No you can not.

During the year, the tax base for income tax is calculated on an accrual basis (Clause 7, Article 274 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The loss received as a result of the reporting period is regarded as an interim result. Therefore, unlike a loss received at the end of the tax period, a loss for the reporting period cannot be carried forward to the future.

The loss received under the general taxation system is not taken into account after the transition to other regimes. If, before the change in the tax regime, an organization received a loss, but did not take it into account when calculating income tax (carried forward to the future), then in the future this loss can only be taken into account after returning to the general taxation system. This follows from the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 25, 2010 No. 03-03-06/1/657.

Answers to common questions

Question No. 1 : Based on the results of the reporting period, a loss was received. Can it be transferred to the future?

Answer : Not possible. The reason is that the income tax base for the year is determined on an accrual basis and the loss of the reporting period is an intermediate result that is not carried forward to the future, but only the final one.

Question No. 2 : Is it possible to write off losses from previous years by developing your own procedure at the enterprise and approving it by order?

Answer : The Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides for the following main points: losses must be generated no earlier than 01/01/2007, the chronological order of their write-off and the possibility of writing off only 50% of the profit received by the organization. Thus, its own procedure must comply with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Losses from previous years when switching to 1C: Accounting

Losses from previous years are not always accounted for while working in the program. In some situations, you need to enter this information into the program when you start working with it.

All required actions are performed using the balance entry assistant, which is located in the “Main” section of the program.

In the processing header, select the organization and indicate the date. First of all, let's enter the data on ONA - 09 account.

In this situation, the amount charged to deferred expenses will be 77,627.68 rubles.

Next, we will enter into the program data on the loss for 2021 in the amount of 338,138.43 rubles, which will be listed in account 97.21. Please note that this data must be entered in a separate document, which will contain only data on the loss for the previous year.