Account 10 in accounting: postings, examples, subaccounts

Inventories: what to include, how to take into account

All company assets that have a useful life of less than 12 months should be classified as inventories.
For example, raw materials, materials, semi-finished products, components, packaging, fuel, inventory and other similar assets. To systematize and generalize information about the cost and quantitative indicators of inventories, account 10 “Materials” is used (Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 94n). These requirements apply to non-profit organizations, commerce and small businesses. State employees use accounting accounts in accordance with Instruction No. 157n. Material reserves in a budgetary institution are reflected in the accounting account of the same name 0 105 00 000.

It is permissible to take into account values ​​in two ways: at actual cost (clause 62 of Order No. 119n) or at accounting prices using 15 and 16 accounting accounts (clause 80 of Order No. 119n dated December 28, 2001).

The company independently chooses the accounting method suitable for the specifics of its activities. This choice must be justified in the accounting policies of the institution. Also in the accounting policy, indicate the forms of primary and accounting documentation that will be used to reflect operations on the movement of money.

The method for writing off materials from the 10th account should also be written down in the accounting policy. Three methods are allowed:

1. Based on the average cost of inventories.
2. Based on actual unit cost.
3. FIFO method.

The cost of inventories may include not only the actual price paid, but also other costs. For example, consulting services, non-refundable customs and tax duties, non-refundable VAT, delivery costs, and other costs associated with the receipt of goods.

Form requirements

This document has some requirements that must be adhered to during registration. There are not many of them, so a competent accountant will be able to cope with the task. So, what are the requirements for SALT?

1. The informative component of this document must necessarily consist of such items as the turnover carried out on the account for the entire month, how much money is left in this account at the beginning and end of the month, a breakdown of the accounts indicated in the SALT, as well as the number of the specified account.
2. Each type of statement has its own meanings, characteristics and features. Therefore, during its execution, you need to know that the document will be correctly drawn up only if it contains three equalities.
3. The total amount of funds in debit at the beginning of the month must fully correspond to the credit, the report of which also falls on the beginning of the month. Basically, this rule applies because the funds that belong to the company are both a source for formation and assets.
4. In relation to those turnovers that relate to debit, the rule according to which they must be equal to credit also applies. Here equality will be achieved through double entry. For example, wages paid to employees may become both a debt owed to the employees and a cost incurred by the organization.
5. Another equality is that the amount of assets that belong to a company must be equal to the amount of its liabilities. Here, as in the example above, the double entry rule works.
6. SALT, drawn up according to analytical accounts, makes it possible to obtain the most complete information - including the quantity of goods, types of counterparties, as well as the availability of assortment.
7. The chess OCB is drawn up specifically to take into account credit and debit turnover. The double entry rule means that a company's assets simultaneously become its liabilities to counterparties.

The main thing when preparing such a statement is the coincidence of the turnover values, which will indicate that the results are indeed calculated correctly, and the data in business transactions is entered correctly. After reconciliation, you can proceed to filling out the accounting records.

Another example of filling out the SALT is presented below.

Tags: asset, balance sheet, accountant, inventory, capital, loan, tax, balance sheet for account 70, problems, expense

Opening sub-accounts for account 10

Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 94n determines that in order to organize complete, reliable and detailed accounting of the company’s material assets, the opening of additional sub-accounts is provided. This approach allows you to group all the organization’s inventory items by type.

Please note that opening all accounts is not necessary. The organization independently decides which subaccounts will be used in accounting. So, for example, account 10.10 - what applies to a particular institution must be defined in the accounting policy. Typically, special equipment (special equipment) is included in this subaccount.

Classifier of inventories in account turnover 10

Inventories should be understood as:

• Materials that are sent for production, construction or provision of services;
• Raw materials that are resold;
• Inventory used for business purposes (for office, store, department);
• Part of the goods, finished products, that are intended for sale.

Movements in SALT on account 10 are formed depending on the classification of inventories.

Basic materials and raw materials

All components that are involved in the process of producing products or providing services

Components that are used for processing during production

Parts, kits, products for the manufacture and assembly of equipment in the production of products

All types of fuel (gasoline, kerosene, coal, peat), which is intended for production, for transport (including for economic purposes). Oil for machines, parts, units

Containers and packaging materials

All types of packaging: boxes, wooden or cardboard boxes, barrels. Elements for packaging: tape, rope, fasteners, rivets

All components, parts, wheels, tires and other fasteners for repairing cars, machinery, machines, equipment

Returnable waste, leftover raw materials, scraps, shavings, scrap metal, scrap, irreparable defects

Inventory and household supplies

Items for household purposes: tools, cleaning components, office equipment

Working clothes and special equipment

Work clothes, shoes, devices for production needs and protection of employees from injuries

The turnover in the debit of the turnover sheet includes all receipts of inventories: acquisition, in-house production, assembly, installation. The movement on the loan reflects raw materials written off during the production process, damaged products and inventories that were sold (for example, scrap metal was sold).

Features of inventory accounting

Account 10 belongs to the active group of accounts. Consequently, debit 10 of the accounting account (for dummies) reflects the receipt (increase) of material assets, and credit turnover reflects the disposal of assets from the corresponding accounting accounts. The ending balance can only be in debit. A credit balance indicates that there is an error in recording accounting transactions.

Inventory accounting needs to be detailed. To do this, provide for maintaining detailed analytical records in the context of items, batches, storage locations, materially responsible persons and departments.

The actual presence of MC must be periodically monitored. Accountants are required to conduct inventory checks to identify deviations from accounting indicators and actual availability. The reconciliation procedure and frequency should be established in the accounting policy.

Filling example

Let's look at an example of filling out 71 accounts. One of the company’s employees, for example Ivanov, received funds in the amount of 200,000 rubles for business needs. And Petrov, an employee of the same organization, received 20,000 rubles for business trips.

Accordingly, both employees will need to report on their expenses and provide relevant documents.

A week later, employee Ivanov, confirming his actions, brought an advance report containing 9,000 rubles. Petrov brought the same document, but only for 19,000 rubles.

This raises the question - how to compile SALT for account 71, where business transactions will be indicated?

Such a document will be compiled in the form of a table, where the columns will be designated as follows:

Moreover, in the first column the following will be recorded:

1. Synthetic account.
2. A subaccount on which transactions were also carried out, but only if it is included in the chart of accounts that will be used by the organization.
3. Analytical features by which this subaccount can be determined. Here the signs can be anything, but most often they represent the initials of those employees to whom the cash was entrusted.

Next, you should record in the document the fact that two employees were actually given funds in the specified amount. Such transactions will correspond to the following transactions:

• Dt.71.01 Kt.50 - 10000;
• Dt.71.01 Kt.50 - 20000.

The following data should be reflected in the SALT:

1. First, we enter two amounts in the Debit column opposite the corresponding account characteristics (in this case, these will be the names of employees).
2. Next, we sum up the two numbers that will help form a debit, and indicate the resulting figure of 30,000 rubles in the Debit column opposite the account.
3. If there were no other transactions on the account, then the resulting amount is duplicated again opposite the 71 account.

When employees present checks and reports, the following entries are made:

• Dt.10 Kt.71.01 - 9000;
• Dt.26 Kt.71.01 - 19000.

In the OCB we additionally indicate the following data:

1. We enter checks for 9000 and 19000 opposite the initials of the employees in the Credit column.
2. We sum up the data on credit transactions to get the amount of 28,000.

If the initial balance is zero, then in order to calculate the balance at the end of the month and duplicate it in SALT, you need to subtract smaller amounts from the large amounts listed in the columns under the Turnover cell at the end of the month.

If the former are recorded in the Debit section, and the latter in the Credit section, then the results of the calculations are indicated in the Debit section, located under the Balance cell at the end of the month. Here it will consist of:

• 1000 rubles according to the reports of employee Ivanov (this amount will be written opposite his last name);
• 1000 rubles according to the reports of employee Petrov (also recorded opposite the corresponding surname).

After entering the data in the Debit column, located under the End of Period Balance cell, opposite the account itself, you should sum up all the analytical characteristics of the account (in this example, it is 2000 rubles). The same value should be duplicated opposite account 71 under the Balance at the end of the month cell.

As a result, based on the results of operations, a debit balance calculated for 71 accounts is recorded in the SALT. And the total amount of such balance will be 2000 rubles.

And here is an example of what the result of all the above operations will look like:

Revolving balance sheet: accounting 10

When maintaining automated accounting, it is recommended to systematically generate interim reporting in order to control the movement of material assets. One of such reports is the balance sheet for account 10. The accounting document contains information on the availability of MH balances at the beginning and end of the reporting period, as well as on the movement (receipt and disposal) of materials during the reporting period.

SALT is a separate accounting register that reflects information on the availability of material assets at the beginning of the reporting period, information on the movement of inventories (receipts and disposals), and also indicates the amount of raw materials remaining at the disposal of the company at the end of the reporting period.

Principles for drawing up a balance sheet:

1. The negotiable SV must necessarily disclose accounting information:
   balance at the beginning of the reporting period - quantity and value;
2. cost and quantitative expression of Ministry of Health revenues;
3. value and quantity of disposed assets (write-off);
4. final balance on account 10.
5. If the company has structural divisions, it is necessary to organize additional analytics. For example, create turnover sheets separately for each warehouse space. Indicators of the consolidated balance sheet reflect data for the organization as a whole and are used for reporting.
6. Automation of accounting and compilation of WWS does not exempt the entity from the mandatory maintenance of warehouse cards for materials accounting. The card must be issued for one calendar year. Moreover, the document is drawn up for only one item number. It is not allowed to combine MH accounting in cards.
7. Primary documents confirming the movement of raw materials must be drawn up on paper. Facts of changes in the indicators of inventories must be certified by the “live” signatures of responsible employees. Keeping records electronically requires certification of documentation with electronic signatures of the chief accountant or head of the company.

IMPORTANT!
The statement reflects not only the value expression (rub.), but also quantitative accounting indicators (kg, m, pcs., units, etc.).

Filling example

Let's look at an example of filling out 71 accounts. One of the company’s employees, for example Ivanov, received funds in the amount of 200,000 rubles for business needs. And Petrov, an employee of the same organization, received 20,000 rubles for business trips.

Accordingly, both employees will need to report on their expenses and provide relevant documents.

A week later, employee Ivanov, confirming his actions, brought an advance report containing 9,000 rubles. Petrov brought the same document, but only for 19,000 rubles.

This raises the question - how to compile SALT for account 71, where business transactions will be indicated?

Such a document will be compiled in the form of a table, where the columns will be designated as follows:

Moreover, in the first column the following will be recorded:

1. Synthetic account.
2. A subaccount on which transactions were also carried out, but only if it is included in the chart of accounts that will be used by the organization.
3. Analytical features by which this subaccount can be determined. Here the signs can be anything, but most often they represent the initials of those employees to whom the cash was entrusted.

Next, you should record in the document the fact that two employees were actually given funds in the specified amount. Such transactions will correspond to the following transactions:

• Dt.71.01 Kt.50 - 10000;
• Dt.71.01 Kt.50 - 20000.

The following data should be reflected in the SALT:

1. First, we enter two amounts in the Debit column opposite the corresponding account characteristics (in this case, these will be the names of employees).
2. Next, we sum up the two numbers that will help form a debit, and indicate the resulting figure of 30,000 rubles in the Debit column opposite the account.
3. If there were no other transactions on the account, then the resulting amount is duplicated again opposite the 71 account.

When employees present checks and reports, the following entries are made:

• Dt.10 Kt.71.01 - 9000;
• Dt.26 Kt.71.01 - 19000.

In the OCB we additionally indicate the following data:

1. We enter checks for 9000 and 19000 opposite the initials of the employees in the Credit column.
2. We sum up the data on credit transactions to get the amount of 28,000.

If the initial balance is zero, then in order to calculate the balance at the end of the month and duplicate it in SALT, you need to subtract smaller amounts from the large amounts listed in the columns under the Turnover cell at the end of the month.

If the former are recorded in the Debit section, and the latter in the Credit section, then the results of the calculations are indicated in the Debit section, located under the Balance cell at the end of the month. Here it will consist of:

• 1000 rubles according to the reports of employee Ivanov (this amount will be written opposite his last name);
• 1000 rubles according to the reports of employee Petrov (also recorded opposite the corresponding surname).

After entering the data in the Debit column, located under the End of Period Balance cell, opposite the account itself, you should sum up all the analytical characteristics of the account (in this example, it is 2000 rubles). The same value should be duplicated opposite account 71 under the Balance at the end of the month cell.

As a result, based on the results of operations, a debit balance calculated for 71 accounts is recorded in the SALT. And the total amount of such balance will be 2000 rubles.

And here is an example of what the result of all the above operations will look like:

Example of filling out the OCB

Data from NPO "DOBRO" for March 2021. For inventories used by the organization to conduct its main activity:

• purchased MH for the amount of 200,000 rubles;
• released into production in the amount of 220,000 rubles;
• spoiled in the amount of 3000 rubles.

Balance sheet for accounting account 10 for March 2021:

Accounting and control

A company can organize accounting in two ways.

Option #1.

First, write out a paper document. For example, a request for an invoice for the movement of goods and materials. Then the responsible persons carry out the transfer and complete the execution of the primary document. And only then are they transferred to the accounting department. The responsible accountant enters the data into the program.

Option number 2.

An accountant or warehouse worker enters information about the movement of inventories into a specialized accounting program. Then it prints out the document and submits it to the responsible persons for signature.

Regardless of the chosen accounting option, do not forget about errors. However, accounting indicators must always correspond to actual data. Therefore, it is necessary to organize systematic checks. It is recommended to carry out monthly reconciliations of SALT data with actual warehouse accounting indicators.

Instruct the responsible accountant to carry out counter reconciliations with financially responsible persons. These can be not only MOLs for warehouses, but also for all departments where inventories are stored. Correct any errors found in accounting in accordance with current standards. It is advisable to carry out control activities before the closing of the reporting period.

SALT 10 accounts, what is it?

The main purpose of the SALT (i.e. the balance sheet) is the analytical function. You can always see the amount of materials on the account, the volume of disposal and the arrival of goods at the warehouse. Account 10 is active, therefore all balances are accounted for in debit; there cannot be balances on the credit account. The credit account records the disposal of goods for sale or raw materials for production.

Since accounting is carried out at the locations of material assets, you can easily track movements separately for each warehouse. Each site is managed by a financially responsible person who is responsible for the values ​​assigned to it and signs the primary accounting documentation.