Balance line 1510 what contains

Line 1510 is

Credit balance on account 66 “Settlements for short-term loans and borrowings”

plus

Credit balance on account 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings” (if the repayment period of debts as of the reporting date does not exceed 12 months).

Long-term debt can be converted into short-term debt if there are 365 days left until the principal amount is repaid. Upon expiration of the payment period, urgent debt is transferred to overdue.

Reflection of borrowed capital in the balance sheet

Debt on borrowed capital is shown in a separate line of the balance sheet, which all companies are required to submit at the end of the reporting period:

• line 1410 is intended for long-term loans and borrowings;
• line 1510 – for short-term obligations on loans and borrowings.

According to the instructions for drawing up a balance sheet contained in PBU 4/99, the accounts payable balance for 66 and 67 accounts is used. Including in Form No. 1, which is called the balance sheet in Order No. 66 n, all accrued interest is reflected in the indicated lines.

Note from the author! Interest on long-term debt is shown in line 1510 along with short-term liabilities if the payment period is less than 365 days.

For example, a company has a long-term loan for 5 years in the amount of 5,000,000 rubles with an annual interest rate of 12.1%, received in April 2021. According to the terms of the agreement, interest is paid monthly. In addition, at the end of the year, 500,000 rubles of the principal debt must be returned to avoid debt growth. As of December 31, 2021, the company submits its balance sheet to the Federal Tax Service. First you need to calculate the amount of monthly interest:

• 5,000,000 * 12.1% = 605,000 rubles for 5 years;
• 605,000 / 5 years = 121,000 rubles per annum;
• 121,000 / 12 months = 10,083, 33 monthly accruals.

Since the company received the loan on April 1, 2021, the calculation must be made before December 31, 2021:

• 10,083 rubles * 9 months = 90,749.97 rubles accrued interest for 2021.

According to the terms of the agreement, interest is paid on the 1st working day of the month following the reporting month.

Since interest on the balance sheet must be taken into account among short-term debts, the report lines look like this:

In the balance sheet, amounts are reflected in thousands of rubles, according to Order No. 66 n.

Borrowing costs include:

- interest due to the creditor;

— additional expenses related to loans received (examination, consultations, etc.).

The cost of an investment asset includes interest payable to the lender (creditor) if the accounting records recognize the expenses for the acquisition, production of an investment asset or loans associated with these actions, and work has begun on the acquisition, construction, production of an investment asset.

The following facts must be disclosed in the financial statements of the organization:

— presence and change in the amount of obligations under loans (credits);

— the amount of interest due to the lender (creditor), subject to inclusion in the value of investment assets;

— the amount of borrowing costs included in other expenses;

- the amount, types and repayment terms of issued bills of exchange, issued and sold bonds;

— repayment terms of loans (credits);

- the amount of income from the temporary use of funds from a received loan (credit) as long-term and (or) short-term financial investments;

- the amount of interest included in the cost of the investment asset, payable to the lender (creditor) for loans not related to the acquisition, construction and (or) production of the investment asset.

How to avoid getting into bondage

Whether there is a need for additional investments obtained through a loan is decided at the management level. Such income can solve the problem of purchasing expensive equipment or the necessary expansion of production. But with a new loan, the company also receives certain obligations. In this situation, the main thing to consider is whether the company will be able to pay for them.

As the saying goes, “you take someone else’s, but give back your own,” and that is why you should conduct a detailed analysis of the balance sheet lines on which credit obligations are displayed. Assess the current need for new investments. Taking out a loan is not difficult, the main thing is not to use this channel if there is any slight lack of funding. Otherwise, you can fall into banking bondage.

One of the methods for analyzing the creditworthiness of an enterprise is to calculate the financial dependence ratio. To do this, divide your total equity by your total debt obligations. The result of the calculation will indicate the following:

• If the result is a number that is a multiple or greater than “1,” then the company is steadily afloat, and it is possible to attract additional investments by concluding a loan agreement.
• If the calculated value is significantly less than “1”, then there is a high probability that the enterprise will fall into debt. In this case, the company will work only to repay loan obligations and interest on them, without generating income to its founders.

Composition of the enterprise's liabilities.

To carry out production and economic activities, an organization operating separately from others must have its own and borrowed (attracted) financial resources.

OWN CAPITAL consists of authorized, additional and reserve capital, retained earnings and other financial reserves.

Authorized capital is the monetary value of the founders’ contributions.

Reserve capital - created through annual deductions from net profit, intended mainly to cover losses. The amount of reserve capital and the amount of mandatory contributions to it are determined by the charter or constituent documents.

Additional capital is formed due to the increase in the value of non-current assets - when revaluing fixed assets upward, at the expense of share premium and a number of other sources.

Retained earnings are the part of net profit remaining after distribution and directed to the needs of the enterprise.

Targeted financing and revenues are funds received from other enterprises, state and municipal bodies and intended for the implementation of targeted activities.

Other financial reserves are created in organizations in order to evenly include upcoming expenses in production or distribution costs.

Balance lines 2021: decoding

An organization can create reserves: for upcoming vacation payments to employees; payment of annual remuneration for long service; payment of remuneration based on the results of work for the year; repair of fixed assets; covering other anticipated costs and other purposes.

BORROWED CAPITAL represents part of the financial resources attracted by the organization that belong to third parties.

The composition of borrowed capital includes:

Bank credits (loans) – funds provided by banks;

Borrowed funds – amounts of loans received from other organizations (non-banking) organizations and individuals.

The debt of the borrower's organization to the lender for received loans and borrowings in accounting is divided into short-term and long-term. Short-term debt is considered to be debt whose repayment period, according to the terms of the agreement, does not exceed 12 months. Long-term debt is considered to be debt whose repayment period, according to the terms of the agreement, exceeds 12 months.

There are urgent and overdue debts. Urgent debt is considered to be a debt the repayment period of which, according to the terms of the contract, has not come or has been extended (prolonged) in the prescribed manner; overdue is considered to be a debt whose repayment period has expired according to the terms of the contract.

Accounts payable – includes debt amounts:

• to suppliers and contractors for received and unpaid material assets (work performed and services rendered);
• to employees of the wage organization;
• on insurance premiums and contributions for insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases;
• for all types of payments to the budget;
• on advances received by the organization for the upcoming supply of goods (performance of work, provision of services), minus VAT accrued on these advances, etc.

A creditor is someone to whom a business owes money. The amount of obligations to the creditor is called accounts payable .

A balance sheet is an information system that, in general monetary terms, gives an idea of ​​the financial condition of an organization as of a certain (reporting) date. Banks, for example, prepare their balance sheets daily.

The balance sheet shows the owner what he owns or how much capital he controls.

In its structure, it is a two-sided table, where the left side (asset) reflects the organization’s resources, and the right side (liability) reflects the sources of their formation. Moreover, both parts are equal in monetary terms, which follows from the principle of double entry. From a slightly different point of view (legal), liabilities can be defined as obligations - to the owners (capital) and to third parties and organizations (liabilities or accounts payable).

In this case, the balance diagram can be presented in the following form.

ASSETS = CAPITAL + LIABILITIES

BALANCE

The balance sheet provides an answer to the first of the main questions, presenting to users the ratio of property and its sources, characterizing financial stability and liquidity, as well as the amount of the organization’s net assets, characterizing its cost.

Organizational assets are resources owned by the organization as a result of past operations. Otherwise, we can say that assets are the organization’s expenses (resources acquired in the past), which should bring it profit in the future.

Assets can also be called property.

Those costs that formed a product (products, services, work) that has already brought income to the enterprise in a given reporting period, that is, realized in the reporting period, are called expenses (everything that is reflected in the profit and loss statement).

An organization's liabilities are, from an economic point of view, sources of existing assets (property). Otherwise, they can be defined as the external and internal obligations of the organization.

An organization's liabilities (external liabilities) are the organization's debt resulting from past operations, the settlement of which should lead to an outflow of assets. That is, liabilities are borrowed sources of available resources.

External obligations - from a legal point of view, these are the rights of third parties to the property of an organization, that is, an economic entity (to the extent that the property of third parties has decreased and the property of the organization has increased).

In accounting, it has become a common practice to call this category simply “liabilities.”

Capital (internal liabilities) represents the investments of owners in the organization and the increase in these funds as a result of activities (profit) or as a result of other events (additional capital) over the entire existence of the organization. In other words, we can say that capital is the debt of an organization to its owners or, on the other hand, the property rights of the owners.

In accounting, this category is called “capital,” although in economics and financial analysis the terms “active capital” (in relation to assets), “equity capital” (in relation to what we simply called “capital”) and “ borrowed capital" (in relation to liabilities).

Net assets are equal to the difference between the organization's property (its assets) and its liabilities. Net assets are also equal to the capital of the organization. If they become less than the amount of the authorized capital, then the organization must be re-registered with a decrease in the amount of the authorized capital to the amount of net assets. If the net assets are less than the minimum authorized capital (100 minimum wages for limited liability companies and closed joint-stock companies and 1,000 minimum wages for open joint-stock companies), then such an organization must be liquidated. Here the minimum wage is the minimum wage established by federal law. It should be remembered that the federal law of June 19, 2000 No. 82-FZ (as amended on December 3, 2012) “On the minimum wage” established the basic minimum wage, from which social benefits and basic amounts in various laws are calculated (including including the minimum amount of authorized capital, fines, etc.) equal to 100 rubles.

When calculating net assets, the assets and liabilities taken into account are considered. At the same time, the debt of the founders on contributions to the authorized capital is excluded from the amount of assets, and the income of future periods is excluded from the amount of liabilities. The Procedure for assessing the value of net assets of joint-stock companies also requires reducing the value of assets by the amount of costs of repurchasing own shares from shareholders. But at present, shares purchased from shareholders are not reflected as part of financial investments with a minus sign, i.e. show a decrease in the real capital of the organization by this amount.

Net current assets (own working capital, working capital) is the difference between the value of current assets and short-term liabilities. Shows what part of the organization's working capital exists from its own sources. Otherwise, this value can be calculated by subtracting the amount of non-current assets from the amount of capital and long-term liabilities.

Asset and liability data are grouped in a specific way. In this case, the main criterion is the method of participation of funds in circulation and the functions they perform. Thus, the main parts of an asset are non-current assets and current assets.

Liabilities are divided into two components – equity and borrowed capital (liabilities). But in the liability side, the grouping of obligations in accordance with their duration is preserved.

The procedure for generating indicators according to the lines of section IV of the balance sheet liabilities

The organization’s liabilities (essentially its borrowed capital) are presented in two liability sections of the balance sheet, depending on their maturity date:

• in Sect. IV “Long-term liabilities” – liabilities whose maturity is more than 12 months after the reporting date;
• in Sect. V “Short-term liabilities” – obligations that must be repaid within the next year.

Section IV of the balance sheet consists of five lines.

This section should reflect information about the organization's obligations, the maturity of which is more than 12 months after the reporting date.

The lines of Section IV, for example, should reflect the amount of a loan or loan raised for a long period of more than a year, the amount of deferred tax and valuation liabilities of the company, as well as the amount of other long-term liabilities.

Let's consider the order of filling out these lines.

Line 1410 “Borrowed funds”:

Line 1410 must reflect data on all long-term loans and borrowings received by the organization for a period of more than 12 months.

At the same time, this line reflects the amount of loans received both in cash and in kind, bank loans, and the company’s obligations under issued financial bills.

To fill out line 1410, take the credit balance of account 67 “Calculations for long-term loans and borrowings.”

Moreover, this should be done only in that part of the debt for which the repayment period exceeds 12 months after the reporting date.

Line 1420 “Deferred tax liabilities”:

Line 1420 is filled out by companies applying PBU 18/02.

To fill out line 1420, take the credit balance of account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities.”

If an organization offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities and presents them on a collapsed basis (balanced), it is necessary to fill out page 1420 only if the credit balance of account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” turns out to be greater than the debit balance of account 09 “Deferred tax assets” (by the amount differences between them).

Line 1430 “Estimated liabilities”:

Line 1430 shows the amount of reserves created in accordance with PBU 8/2010.

For example, this line should reflect the amount of the reserve for warranty repairs.

In this case, this line should indicate only data on long-term estimated liabilities for a period of more than 12 months.

Line 1430 reflects the credit balance of account 96 “Reserves for future expenses” (in terms of obligations with a maturity period of more than 12 months) not written off as of December 31 of the reporting year.

Line 1450 “Other obligations”:

Line 1450 should contain information about other long-term liabilities that were not reflected in the above lines of Section IV.

So, for example, on line 1450 you can indicate data on accounts payable to suppliers and contractors with a repayment period of more than 12 months.

This may be the credit balance of the following accounts:

• 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” in terms of long-term accounts payable for installments or deferred payment provided by suppliers and contractors, if it is more than 12 months;
• 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers” - in terms of debt to buyers and customers, the repayment period of which exceeds 12 months (arising as a result of receipt of advances and prepayments for the upcoming supply of products, goods, performance of work, provision of services, including debt on commercial loans) ;
• 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” - in terms of long-term debt for taxes and fees (for example, when providing an organization with an investment tax credit, deferment or installment plan for the payment of federal taxes and fees);
• 69 “Calculations for social insurance and security” - in terms of long-term debt on insurance contributions (for example, when restructuring debt to extra-budgetary funds);
• 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” - regarding other long-term accounts payable and obligations;
• 86 “Targeted financing” – in terms of obligations the fulfillment period of which exceeds 12 months after the reporting date. Data on targeted financing is reflected here (account credit 86 “Targeted financing”) (for example, when developer organizations receive targeted financing from investors, which generates the developer’s obligation to investors to transfer the constructed facility to them).

The total amount on lines 1410 - 1450 is reflected on line 1400 “Total for Section IV” of the balance sheet liabilities, which characterizes the total amount of long-term borrowed capital (liabilities) of the organization.

line 1510 of the balance sheet what it consists of

Among borrowed capital, long-term (more than 12 months) and short-term (no more than 12 months) liabilities are distinguished.

Each individual indicator in the balance sheet for which the amount is entered (each element of an asset and a liability) is called an item . The assessment of balance sheet items is carried out based on the assumptions and requirements defined by PBU 1/2008 “Accounting Policies of the Organization” and other accounting provisions.

Asset items are arranged in order of increasing liquidity, and liability items are arranged in order of increasing maturity of liabilities.

Balance sheet items are divided into sections for the best grouping of the data provided. All articles required for reporting have a code, which makes it easier to find the article and links to the necessary data. Other articles are filled in at the discretion of the organization.

Date of publication: 2015-01-24; Read: 372 | Page copyright infringement

Classification of borrowed funds by lines

When forming accounting records, all debts of an enterprise can be classified according to two criteria - the type and period of payment of credit debt. The first category includes:

• Loans issued by banking organizations on the terms of payment and repayment.

This is due to a certain risk for the lender, who transfers funds for temporary use to the borrower. Relationships formalized by a loan agreement are considered external, as are acquired obligations.

• Loans received by an enterprise from third-party individuals and legal entities.

Such receipts may not be subject to additional interest. This occurs when financial support is provided by other enterprises within the same group, holding or corporation. Based on this, funds received in the form of a loan can be both external and internal.

Important! If a company uses borrowed funds obtained from different sources to achieve its goals, then they are displayed in separate lines. For each type of debt, its own sub-account is opened.

Based on the length of time during which the organization must pay off its debts, there are:

• Short-term liabilities, the reporting date for which is a period of no more than 12 months (line 1510);
• Long-term loans issued for a period of several years (line 1410).

Solvency and liquidity indicators

Indicators of this group characterize the possibility of making debt payments.

The overall degree of solvency is calculated as the ratio of the sum of long-term and current liabilities (i.e., the amount of borrowed funds) to average monthly revenue:

$$\text{Total solvency} = \frac{\text{Dorrowed capital}}{\text{Average monthly revenue}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 page 1400+1500-1530}}{\text{ f#2 page 2110/12 months}}$$

Revenue may not necessarily be calculated for a year; the calculation period can be 3, 6, 9 months; it all depends on how often the analyst plans to calculate this indicator and what reporting forms (annual or quarterly) are used for analysis.

This indicator has the dimension “months” and characterizes how many months the company needs to pay off all long-term and short-term obligations while maintaining the current level of revenue in a hypothetical case, if no other payments are made.

The degree of solvency for current liabilities is determined as the ratio of only current liabilities to average monthly revenue:

$$\text{Current solvency liabilities} = \frac{\text{Current liabilities}}{\text{Average monthly revenue}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 line 1500-1530}}{\text{form No. 2 line 2110/12 months}}$$

This indicator, like the previous one, has the dimension “months” and characterizes how many months the company needs to pay off short-term obligations while maintaining the current level of revenue without making other payments.

The recommended value for this indicator is . If this condition is met, the enterprise is considered solvent, otherwise it is insolvent. The three-month period is justified by the fact that for most enterprises, a sign of bankruptcy is the presence of debt, the repayment period of which expired exactly three months ago.

For enterprises that are subjects of natural monopolies (fuel and energy enterprises, etc.), strategic enterprises, the list of which is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, and for credit institutions (banks), the signs of bankruptcy differ in the timing of delayed payments. Therefore, the recommended values ​​of the indicator change accordingly, which are:

Section v “current liabilities” of the balance sheet

Reflection of loans in the company's balance sheet. Balance sheet section Name of the balance sheet item Balance sheet line number Amount in lines Long-term liabilities Borrowed funds 1410 4,500 Short-term liabilities Borrowed funds 1510 10 In the balance sheet, amounts are reflected in thousands of rubles, according to Order No. 66 no. Financial analysis of dependence How much the company needs borrowed funds is up to management to decide. On the one hand, borrowed capital is a powerful resource needed in many situations. For example, if you need to expand economic activity and buy expensive equipment that can quickly pay for itself and make a profit. On the other hand, it is very easy to become financially dependent and begin to attract other people’s money at the slightest crisis, which will inevitably entail a high rate of increase in debt. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze this balance sheet item.

Balance line 1510 what contains

< 6 months for strategic enterprises and natural monopolies, for credit organizations - < 14 days.

The absolute liquidity ratio is the ratio of the value of quick assets to current liabilities:

As you already know, short-term financial investments and cash in the company’s accounts are considered quick-liquid assets.

$$К_\text{abs. liquidity} = \frac{\text{Highly liquid assets}}{\text{Current liabilities}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 line 1240+1250}}{\text {f№1 pp. 1500-1530}}$$

This indicator characterizes what part of short-term liabilities can be repaid almost immediately (within a few days). As a rule, at domestic large and medium-sized industrial enterprises it amounts to a few percent.

The intermediate liquidity ratio is the ratio of the sum of quick assets and short-term receivables to current liabilities:

$$К_\text{industrial liquidity} = \frac{\text{Highly liquid assets+Accounts receivable}}{\text{Current liabilities}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 line 1240+1250+1230 +1260}}{\text{f№1 pp. 1500-1530}}$$

This indicator characterizes what part of short-term liabilities can be repaid using current assets not involved in production, i.e. what part of the obligations can be repaid quickly enough (within a few months). It follows that in order to be able to repay the debt without any complications for current activities, all short-term liabilities must be covered by the specified assets. The recommended value of the indicator is .

The current ratio is calculated as the ratio of current assets to current liabilities:

$$К_\text{current liquidity} = \frac{\text{Current assets}}{\text{Current liabilities}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 page 1200}}{\text{form №1 pp. 1500-1530}}$$

It shows the portion of current assets covered by current liabilities. Indicator value > 2 (for countries with developed market economies).

In Russia in the late 1990s. the average value of the indicator was about 1. If it is > 1.5, then the enterprise is considered solvent.

The group of solvency and liquidity indicators allows you to assess the organization’s ability to pay its obligations through income from its activities (the first two indicators) and through the sale of existing property (the last 3 indicators).

Line 1510 of the balance sheet

Drawing up a balance sheet is essentially transferring the balances of the accounting accounts to the lines provided for them.
Therefore, to correctly draw up a balance sheet, you need not only to keep accounting records correctly and in full, but also to know which accounting accounts are reflected in which line of the balance sheet. During the consultation, we will provide a breakdown of all the lines of the balance sheet. In this case, we will detail the balance sheet lines according to the most typical accounts, which are reflected on such lines.

After all, the procedure for drawing up financial statements in general and the balance sheet in particular, as well as the reflection of certain indicators, is influenced by the characteristics of the organization’s activities and its Accounting Policies for accounting purposes.

By the way, we showed how to draw up a balance sheet using an example in a separate material. And we talked about the content and structure of the balance sheet in another consultation. Let us remind you that the current form of the balance sheet submitted to the tax inspectorate and statistical authorities was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n.

Explanation of balance sheet asset lines

Name of indicator Code Data of which accounts are used Algorithm for calculating the indicator
10 “Materials”, 11 “Animals for growing and fattening”, 14 “Reserves for reducing the cost of material assets”, 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”, 16 “Deviation in the cost of material assets”, 20 “ Main production", 21 "Semi-finished products of own production", 23 "Auxiliary production", 28 "Defects in production", 29 "Service production and facilities", 41 "Goods", 42 "Trade margin", 43 "Finished products", 44 “Sales expenses”, 45 “Goods shipped”, 97

50-3 “Monetary documents”, 94 “Shortages and losses from damage to valuables” This line shows information on short-term obligations for loans and credits attracted by the organization (the repayment period of which does not exceed 12 months after the reporting date) (paragraph 2, paragraph. 17 PBU 15/2008, clauses 19, 20 PBU 4/99). The amount of debt on loans and credits is formed by both the amount of the principal debt and the interest due at the end of the reporting period according to the terms of the agreements (clause 2 , 4, 15, 16 PBU 15/2008, paragraphs 73, 74 Regulations on accounting and financial reporting).

Source: https://lawsexpert.ru/stroka-1510-buhgalterskogo-balansa/

Financial stability indicators

This group of indicators characterizes the degree of security of the enterprise's production activities with its own financial sources and the degree of dependence on external sources (creditors, investors).

The financial independence ratio is calculated as the ratio of the sum of the value of equity (equity and reserves) to the sum of the enterprise’s assets:

$$К_\text{financial independent} = \frac{\text{Equity}}{\text{Assets}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 page 1300+1530}}{\text{ f#1 page 1600}}$$

The ratio shows the share of own (stable) sources of financing assets and characterizes the degree of dependence on creditors. Recommended value of the indicator.

The investment coverage ratio is calculated as the ratio of the amount of equity and long-term liabilities to the value of non-current assets:

$$К_\text{secured investment.} = \frac{\text{Equity funds+Long-term liabilities}}{\text{Non-current assets}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 page 1300+1530+ 1400}}{\text{f№1 page 1100}}$$

This ratio shows the extent to which non-current assets (buildings, structures, etc.) are secured by stable and long-term sources of financing.

The equity agility ratio is the ratio of the difference between equity and non-current assets to the amount of equity.

The difference between own funds and non-current assets is called: “own working capital”, “own capital in circulation”, “own working capital”, “net working capital”.

$$К_\text{maneuver.} = \frac{\text{Own funds-Non-current assets}}{\text{Own funds}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 page 1300+1530- 1100}}{\text{f№1 page 1300+1530}}$$

The indicator characterizes what share of equity funds finances current assets.

The ratio of own working capital is calculated as the ratio of own working capital and current assets (working capital):

$$К_\text{OSOS} = \frac{\text{Own working capital}}{\text{Current assets}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 page 1300+1530-1100}}{ \text{f№1 page 1200}}$$

This ratio shows what part of current assets is financed from own sources. Recommended value of the indicator.

The inventory coverage ratio (IPR) is calculated as the ratio of own working capital to the cost of inventories:

$$К_\text{providing inventory} = \frac{\text{Own working capital}}{\text{Inventories and costs}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 1 line 1300+1530-1100 }}{\text{f№1 page 1210+1220}}$$

If the value of this indicator is , then it follows that even if the company is denied a loan, it will still be able to continue its production activities, since its non-current assets and inventories are formed from its own stable sources.

The group of financial stability indicators allows us to assess the degree of dependence of the enterprise on external financing and the possibility of carrying out (continuing) activities at the expense of its own financial resources.

Indicators of business activity and production efficiency

This group includes turnover indicators and profitability indicators.

First, let's look at the procedure for calculating turnover indicators.

The general formula for calculating them is as follows:

$$\text{Turnover Rate} =\frac{\text{Sales Revenue (sometimes Cost)}}{\text{Average Asset Value}}$$

The average value of assets is calculated as the sum of the corresponding assets at the beginning and end of the accounting period:

$$\text{Average asset value} = \frac{\text{Value as of this year. + Cost per year}}{2}$$

For example, if current assets at the beginning of the year amounted to 500 thousand rubles, and at the end of the year 600 thousand rubles, then the average value of current assets is (500 + 600): 2 = 550 thousand rubles.

Asset turnover ratio:

$$K_\text{volume}Assets =\frac{\text{Sales revenue}}{\text{Average value of assets}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 2 p. 2110}}{\text{average on page 1600 f. No. 1}}$$

Shows how many rubles of income fall on 1 ruble invested in assets (capital return).

Equity turnover ratio:

$$K_\text{volume}Volume.Assets =\frac{\text{Sales revenue}}{\text{Average cost of working assets}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 2 line 2110}}{ \text{average for line 1200 f.№1}}$$

The value of this coefficient characterizes how many rubles of income fall on 1 ruble. own funds.

for the turnover ratio of non-current assets (in the denominator is the average for line 1,100 of the balance sheet) and the receivables turnover ratio (the average for line 1,230 f#1) is constructed in a similar way

Inventory turnover ratio:

$$K_\text{volume}Inventories =\frac{\text{Cost (production)}}{\text{Average amount of inventories}}=\frac{ \text{form No. 2 line 2120}}{\text {average for line 1210+1220 f.№1}}$$

The indicator characterizes how many rubles of costs fall on 1 ruble invested in inventories.

An indicator is also used, the inverse of this coefficient, which shows (how many rubles of inventories account for 1 ruble of production costs.

This group of turnover indicators indicates the effectiveness of using the corresponding groups of assets or resources of the enterprise in its activities for the production and sale of products.

Now let's look at profitability indicators.

The general formula for calculating these indicators is as follows:

$$\text{Profitability indicator} = \frac{\text{Profit}}{\text{Indicator}}$$

The numerator is usually sales profit, profit before tax, net profit, and the denominator is the value of assets, the amount of income and (or) costs.

Let's look at the most common indicators.

Return on assets:

$$R_\text{assets} = \frac{\text{Profit before tax}}{\text{Average assets}}= \frac{ \text{form No. 2 line 2300}}{\text{average on page 1600 f. No. 1}} $$

shows how many kopecks of profit before tax are earned per 1 ruble invested in assets.

Return on equity:

$$R_\text{equity average} = \frac{\text{Profit before tax}}{\text{Average equity capital}}= \frac{ \text{form No. 2 p. 2300}} {\text{average for page 1300+1350 f.№1}} $$

shows how many kopecks of balance sheet profit are provided by 1 ruble invested in own funds.

Return on Investment:

$$R_\text{investment} = \frac{\text{Profit before tax}}{\text{Average long-term capital}}= \frac{ \text{form No. 2 line 2300}}{\text {average for page 1300+1350+1400 f.№1}} $$

shows how many kopecks of balance sheet profit fall on 1 ruble. investments.

Profitability of products (activities):

$$R_\text{activities} = \frac{\text{Profit before tax}}{\text{Full cost}}= \frac{ \text{form No. 2 line 2300}}{\text{line 2120+2210+2220 f.№2}} $$

shows how many kopecks of tax profit are earned per 1 ruble. production and sales costs.

Return on sales:

$$R_\text{sales} = \frac{\text{Profit from sales}}{\text{Revenue}}= \frac{ \text{form No. 2 p.2200}}{\text{p. 2110 f.№2}} $$

This coefficient shows how many kopecks of profit from sales are generated per 1 ruble. sales income.

Net profit margin:

$$\text{Net profit rate} = \frac{\text{Net profit}}{\text{Revenue}}= \frac{ \text{form No. 2 p.2400}}{\text{p. 2110 f.№2}} $$

shows how many kopecks of net profit remain for the enterprise per 1 ruble. revenue.

In general, profitability indicators characterize the efficiency of an enterprise's use of its funds in order to make a profit.

It is necessary to make an important note regarding the calculation of indicators, the formulas for which use data both from Form No. 1 - “Balance Sheet”, and from Form No. 2 - “Profit and Loss Statement”. For example, when calculating return on investment, return on equity, etc. It must be remembered that form No. 1 is static, it characterizes the values ​​of indicators for certain dates, and form No. 2 is dynamic, defining the indicators on a cumulative basis from the beginning of the year. Consequently, the values ​​of the indicators depend on the reporting period. And this must be taken into account when comparing them.

Profit, revenue, cost increase on an accrual basis depending on the reporting period T = 3, 6, 9, 12 months. If you need to compare indicators calculated in different periods, it is advisable to bring them to the same period, for example, to a year.

Line 1510 balance sheet explanation

When forming accounting records, all debts of an enterprise can be classified according to two criteria - the type and period of payment of credit debt. The first category includes:

• Loans issued by banking organizations on the terms of payment and repayment.

This is due to a certain risk for the lender, who transfers funds for temporary use to the borrower. Relationships formalized by a loan agreement are considered external, as are acquired obligations.

• Loans received by an enterprise from third-party individuals and legal entities.

Such receipts may not be subject to additional interest. This occurs when financial support is provided by other enterprises within the same group, holding or corporation. Based on this, funds received in the form of a loan can be both external and internal.

Important! If a company uses borrowed funds obtained from different sources to achieve its goals, then they are displayed in separate lines. For each type of debt, its own sub-account is opened.

Based on the length of time during which the organization must pay off its debts, there are:

• Short-term liabilities, the reporting date for which is a period of no more than 12 months (line 1510);
• Long-term loans issued for a period of several years (line 1410).

How to take into account other people's funds

Funds received, regardless of the type and source of financing, are accounted for by enterprises in accordance with the Chart of Accounts approved by the legislator:

Sharing of debt capital

As the name suggests, loans can be divided according to repayment periods:

• for long-term, that is, over 12 months;
• and short-term, that is, up to 12 months.

Loans, in addition to cash, can be received as debt securities:

In this case, the company pays the lender not interest, but a discount, that is, the difference between the nominal and real value of the security.

The liability on accounts 66 and 67 is accounted for in two ways:

1. Based on actual loan amount plus interest.
2. At par value of debt securities.

In this case, the valid entry is the one generated at the time the borrowed funds are received into the organization’s current account:

What to do with interest on loans

In addition to the main body of the loan, interest on the loan, which is the income of the lender, is taken into account in separate subaccounts 66 and 67 of the account. Accrued interest is reflected on account 91 “Other income and expenses” as expenses, or on account 08 “Investments in non-current assets” as an increase in the cost of fixed assets:

• Debit 91.02 Credit 66, 67 – monthly interest accrued.
• Debit 08 Credit 66, 67 – the cost of the object under construction has been increased by the amount of interest.

Note from the author! Before putting an object into operation, all costs during construction are accumulated on capital investments, that is, on account 08. After completion of construction or additional equipment, the objects are entered into account 01 “Fixed Assets”.

For example, a company took out a loan for the construction of a bridge in the amount of 1,000,000 rubles for one year. The bank's annual interest rate is 18%. You need to calculate how much deductions to take into account each month:

• 1,000,000 * 18% = 180,000 rubles per annum;
• 180,000 / 12 months = 15,000 rubles – monthly interest accrual.

Since the loan term is one year, it is considered short-term, which means it will be displayed on account 66:

• Debit 51 Credit 66.01 – a loan was received in the amount of 1,000,000 rubles.
• Debit 08 Credit 66.02 – interest was accrued on the increase in the cost of the bridge in the amount of 15,000 rubles.
• Credit 66.02 Debit 51 – monthly payment to the bank of 15,000 rubles is transferred.

Decoding the amount in lines 1410 and 1510

It is not difficult to decipher balance sheet lines 1410 and 1510. They include short-term and long-term borrowed funds, which are reflected in the balance sheet along with interest accrued on them. The enterprise's reporting must display the following information:

1. Amounts and terms of repayment of newly acquired liabilities.
2. Balances of outstanding debt on existing loans.
3. Data on interest due to creditors.
4. Information about additional expenses associated with servicing loan agreements.
5. Information about securities issued and acquired by the company.
6. Data on the effectiveness of investments made with borrowed funds in the formation of an enterprise asset.

Attention! Payment of remuneration to the lender for the use of borrowed funds can be taken into account as part of the investment asset, if such exists on the balance sheet.

Details

According to the rules for filling out the company’s reports, at the end of the year, generalized information about all the company’s existing financial flows, both for transactions with cash, foreign currency, and non-cash transfers, and actions with cash equivalents, is entered in line 1250 of the balance sheet. The company's funds can be presented in both cash and non-cash form. The balance sheet displays the following basic information:

• cash balance in the cash register on a given date, including in foreign currency;
• balances on the company's current accounts;
• money denominated in foreign currency and stored in various foreign currency accounts;
• other funds (for example, transfers in transit or funds in special accounts).

Note from the author! If there is a currency for inclusion in the balance sheet, it is recalculated at the current exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation established as of the reporting date.

When making cash payments, according to the law, it is necessary to set a limit on the cash balance. Amounts in excess of the limit are credited to the organization's current account.

Displaying borrowed funds in reports

The formation of data on short-term loans, borrowings and long-term liabilities in the balance sheet occurs on lines 1410 and 1510. Such external receipts are displayed in sections 4 and 5 of the liability side of the balance sheet:

• The fourth section and line 1410 are intended to reflect loans with a long repayment period.
• Fifth and line 1510 – short-term loans.

Attention! The structure of these columns may vary depending on the decoding of subaccounts used. New lines may appear, numbered 14101 or 15101.

For borrowed funds received for a period of less than a year, account 66 is intended, for longer-term loans - 67. In accordance with accounting recommendations, interest and principal debt accounted for on these accounts should be divided:

• 66/01 or 67/01 – amounts of debt on loans.
• 66/02 or 67/02 – interest due to the creditor, which can be accrued monthly or once per reporting year.

Important! Interest paid under contracts should be accounted for as short-term liabilities, regardless of the method of calculation.

Calculation of the total amount of debts on line 1510 for accounting purposes will be calculated using the formula:

What is considered borrowed funds?

Depending on the type of organization that lent financial resources, they can be divided into two types:

The difference between types lies in the source of funding. Loans can only be provided by specialized organizations, that is, banks and other financial organizations. Loans can be issued by almost any legal entity and even an individual.

A loan is issued for the purpose of generating income for the lender, that is, at monetary interest. Loans can be interest-free. There is no benefit for a lender to risk their money without even receiving additional income. Therefore, an interest-free loan is found among affiliated and interdependent persons when several companies are united:

• to a corporation;
• holding;
• group.

Thus, you can divide the loans:

Redistribution of debt obligations

Each enterprise has the opportunity to transfer obligations that have a long maturity period to a short-term basis. This is acceptable when there are no more than 12 monthly payments remaining on the loan.

Important! Debt with a payment term exceeding 12 months cannot be included in accounts intended to reflect short-term loans and credits.

Overdue debt

When the borrower fails to repay the next payment on time, the accountant needs to transfer the remaining loan obligations to the status of overdue debt. In this case, the company may incur additional expenses:

1. Paid consultations with credit experts.
2. Verification of the loan agreement by third party specialists.
3. Fines and penalties provided by the lender for late payments.
4. Other expenses not covered by banking services.

Balance Sheet Lines

Everyone who has ever held a balance sheet in their hands, much less drawn it up, paid attention to the “Code” column. Thanks to this column, statistical authorities are able to systematize the information contained in the balance sheets of all companies. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate codes in the balance sheet only when this report is submitted to state statistics bodies and other executive authorities (Art.

In the balance sheet, line codes from 2014 must correspond to the codes specified in Appendix 4 to Order No. 66n. At the same time, outdated codes from the expired order No. 67n with the same name, dated July 22, 2003, are no longer applied.

It is not difficult to distinguish previously used codes from modern ones - by the number of digits: modern codes are 4-digit (for example, lines 1230, 1170 of the balance sheet), while outdated ones contained only 3 digits (for example, 700, 140).

Source: https://oookiz.ru/buhgalteriya/1510-balans.html

Explanation of balance sheet lines for accounts

Sometimes called the coverage ratio (CR)

This is one of the most important financial ratios. The higher the indicator, the better the solvency of the enterprise. A coefficient value of more than 2 is considered good. On the other hand, a value of more than 3 may indicate an irrational capital structure; this may be due to a slowdown in the turnover of funds invested in inventories or an unjustified increase in accounts receivable.

See also: Analysis of the financial condition of the enterprise by balance sheet and operating profit

Short-term loans and borrowings in the balance sheet: line

Additional expenses on loans and credits can be taken into account in 2 ways: in the period in which they are incurred, or evenly over the term of the loan (credit). These include, in particular, costs that are directly related to obtaining loans or credits, for example, consulting services, funds spent on the examination of contracts. Accounting for foreign currency loans and borrowings A company may receive a loan or credit in foreign currency. In this situation, the debt on it should be revalued based on the earliest date: - the day of a particular transaction with the loan (for example, the return of its amount or part thereof); — the day of formation of interim or annual financial statements. If the foreign exchange rate in effect at the time of debt revaluation is greater than on the day the funds are received, a negative exchange rate difference arises in accounting.

Formula for calculating the current ratio

The current liquidity ratio (CTL) is calculated as the ratio of current (current) assets to short-term liabilities (current liabilities, short-term debt). The data for calculation is taken from the balance sheet. Thus the calculation formula is:

Look at the Excel table "Analysis of financial condition" 70 ratios, dynamics for 8 periods Bankruptcy risk assessment

Current assets:

• Cash in hand and in bank accounts.
• Accounts receivable net. Net accounts receivable are determined by subtracting the allowance for bad debts from the accounts receivable balance.
• Cost of inventory inventories. Inventories should have a relatively rapid turnover within a year.
• Other current assets (deferred expenses, investments in securities, etc.)).

Current liabilities

• Loans with immediate maturities (within a year)
• Unpaid requirements (suppliers, budget, etc.)
• Other current liabilities.

The formula for calculating the current liquidity ratio by groups of the structure of assets and liabilities:

Formula for calculating the current ratio based on balance sheet data (Form 1):

In order to reliably assess the liquidity of assets, it must be borne in mind that not all assets are equally liquid.

For example:

• Some inventory balances may have zero liquidity.
• Some receivables may have a maturity of more than one year.
• Issued loans and bills formally refer to current assets, but in fact they can be funds transferred for a long period to finance related structures.

Look at the Excel table "Analysis of financial condition" 70 ratios, dynamics for 8 periods Bankruptcy risk assessment

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Published 10/23/09, revised 12/4/09 0004

Borrowed funds.line 1510

Attention

In general, the indicators on line 1510 “Borrowed funds” as of December 31 of the previous year and as of December 31 of the year preceding the previous year are transferred from the Balance Sheet for the previous year. The “Explanations” column provides an indication of the disclosure of this indicator.

If an organization draws up Explanations to the Balance Sheet and the Statement of Financial Results according to the forms contained in the Example of Explaining Explanations given in Appendix No. 3 to Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia No. 66n, then tables may be indicated in the “Explanations” column on line 1510 “Borrowed funds” 5.3 “Availability and movement of accounts payable”, 5.4 “Overdue accounts payable” and 9 “State aid”, which disclose the indicators of line 1510 of the Balance Sheet.