Annual income balance line. The procedure for filling out the balance sheet. Explanation of articles in the section “Non-current assets” by accounts

In order to see the company’s revenue, you need to go to the “Financial Statements” tab and find the “Profit and Loss Statement” by scrolling the mouse cursor just below the text. Information on revenue is contained in the section “Income and expenses from ordinary activities”.

Important! On the website zachestnyibiznes.ru financial statements are presented for the last 5 years of the company’s activities. This allows us to identify a certain trend in changes in the company's revenue over time.

In paper version

This method is the most standard and includes the following steps:

1. We draw up and send a request for the provision of relevant documentation to the accounting department of the company of interest.
2. If the counterparty has no objections, then you will be sent the appropriate reporting form in paper form.

It is advisable to insist that the organization send you Form No. 2 with a mark from the tax office about the submission of documents, since there is always a risk that the counterparty may provide you with reports in an “embellished” form.

To summarize, it should be noted that at present, almost any counterparty without much effort has the opportunity in a short period of time to find out the amount of revenue a particular organization received over a certain period of time.

At the same time, the traditional paper version of data presentation is increasingly fading into the background, since any information can be obtained in a few minutes via the Internet.

When opening their own enterprise, each entrepreneur opens a bank account ─ how to calculate the average monthly turnover on a current account, what it is formed from, will become clear when you understand why a bank account is opened. It is needed to conduct financial transactions: withdrawing cash, receiving payments for services performed or goods sold.

Average monthly revenue

Average monthly revenue (K1) is calculated as the ratio of the revenue received by the organization during the reporting period to the number of months in the reporting period.  

Average monthly revenue is calculated based on gross revenue, including sales revenue for the reporting period (payment), VAT, excise taxes and other mandatory payments.  

Average monthly revenue, considered in comparison with similar indicators of other organizations, characterizes the scale of the organization's business.  

Average monthly revenue is calculated based on gross revenue, which includes the organization’s sales revenue for the reporting period (for payment), VAT, excise taxes and other mandatory payments. It characterizes the volume of income of the organization for the period under review and determines the main financial resource of the organization, which is used to carry out business activities, including to fulfill obligations to the fiscal system of the state, other organizations, and its employees. Average monthly revenue, considered in comparison with similar indicators of other organizations, characterizes the scale of the organization's business.  

The efficiency of non-working capital - capital productivity (K20) is defined as the ratio of average monthly revenue to the cost of non-working capital. The indicator characterizes the efficiency of use of fixed assets, determining how well the total volume of available fixed assets (machinery and equipment, buildings, structures, vehicles, resources invested in property improvement) corresponds to the scale of the business.  

Average monthly output per employee (K19) is calculated as the quotient of dividing average monthly revenue by the average number of employees.  

The working capital ratio (K14) is calculated by dividing the enterprise's current assets by average monthly revenue and characterizes the volume of current assets expressed in average monthly income, as well as their turnover. The indicator evaluates the circulation rate of funds invested in current assets. It is supplemented by working capital ratios in production and in calculations, the values ​​of which characterize the structure of the enterprise’s current assets.  

The working capital ratio (K14) is calculated by dividing the organization's current assets by average monthly revenue and characterizes the volume of current assets expressed in the organization's average monthly income, as well as their turnover.  

The overall degree of solvency and the distribution of the indicator by type of debt represent the values ​​of liabilities related to average monthly revenue and are indicators of turnover for the corresponding group of liabilities. In addition, these indicators determine the average time frame within which an enterprise can pay its creditors, provided that the average monthly revenue received in a given reporting period is maintained, if no current expenses are incurred, and all proceeds are used for settlements with creditors.  

The overall degree of solvency and the distribution of the indicator by type of debt represent the values ​​of obligations related to the average monthly revenue of the organization, and are indicators of turnover for the corresponding group of obligations of the organization. In addition, these indicators determine the average time frame within which an organization can pay its creditors, provided that the average monthly revenue received in a given reporting period is maintained, if no current expenses are incurred, and all proceeds are used for settlements with creditors.  

The coefficient of working capital in production (K15) is calculated as the ratio of the cost of working capital in production to average monthly revenue.  

The overall degree of solvency (K4) is determined as the quotient of dividing the amount of borrowed funds (liabilities) of the organization by average monthly revenue. The indicator characterizes the general situation with the solvency of the enterprise, the volume of its borrowed funds and the timing of possible debt repayment by creditors.  

The degree of solvency for current obligations (K9) is defined as the ratio of the organization's current borrowed funds (short-term liabilities) to average monthly revenue.

What is annual return, and how is it different from profit?

First, some general concepts.

Profit is the positive difference between funds received and funds spent. For example, in a month the company produced and sold products worth 400 thousand rubles. To produce the product, 300 thousand rubles were spent (on raw materials, equipment, transportation, employee salaries). The profit received was 100 thousand, and the profitability was 400 thousand.

If the difference between income and expenses is negative (the company spent more than it earned), this is called a loss. Do not confuse the concepts of “loss” (negative profitability) and “cost”. A cost is a flow of resources that does not reduce the capital of the enterprise and does not affect profits. For example, the cost of purchasing a building.

Income is money or other material assets that a person (legal or physical) receives as a result of the activities carried out. Examples:

1. Salary.
2. Receiving money from the sale of manufactured products.
3. Receiving payment for the provision of services.

Income for the year is the amount received as a result of a person’s work for 1 calendar year.

If you want to calculate the average annual income over a period of several years, you need to sum the results for each year and then divide by the number of years.

Example:

1. Task: calculate SRS for 5 years.
2. In the first year, the SRS amounted to 500 thousand rubles, in the second - 400, in the third - 450, in the fourth - 540, in the fifth - 620.

We add up the obtained indicators: 500+400+450+540+620 = 2.510. We divide the result by 5 (number of years), and we get 502 thousand rubles (average total).

Regulation and accounting

The accounting department of a legal entity must keep strict records of annual income. The size is also given in a special declaration - invoice:

• for core activities - accounting accounts: from 701 to 709;
• for non-core activities - accounting accounts: from 721 to 729.

The total annual income (total) is recorded in a separate document - accounting account 571.

Maintaining the listed accounts without knowledge of accounting is a difficult task. To accurately take into account your total annual income, there are special forms for quick (simplified) filling out. You can enter information into them during the working period, and at the end of the year you can use them to calculate the balance.

How to perform the calculation?

The organization can roughly calculate the potential profitability. This is done with the aim of calculating the company’s projected development by the end of the year.

It is calculated in several steps:

1. The total gross income is calculated. To do this, expenses (spent on the production of goods) are subtracted from revenue (received for the sale of goods).
2. The total price of manufactured products for 1 year is determined.
3. The gross profitability per 1 product produced is calculated.
4. Third-party indicators included in the total annual income (from operations, profit on securities) are calculated.
5. VAT, excise duty and other forms of fees and taxes that will have to be paid are subtracted from the gross profit.

Formula for calculating income
Next, it is calculated using the formula NX+C+LG+G, in which:

• NX – net export;
• C – consumer spending;
• LG – investments;
• G – funds spent on purchases.

For pensioners and the unemployed

This concept does not only apply to companies and individuals with jobs. Pensioners and the unemployed can also have income.

For the former, it is usually limited to a pension and various benefits. Pensioners can also work additionally and own real estate that they rent out. A small part of citizens of retirement age are also engaged in business - which is also included in the profitability for the year.

For the unemployed, the official annual income is limited to receiving benefits.

From property

If a citizen (or organization) owns property, this asset is used in calculating profitability for the year. Option two:

1. If the property is rented out, the calculation uses the annual return minus the cost of the patent.
2. If the property is sold, the calculation uses the sale price minus fees, realtor commission. How do realtors live?, and notary fees.

Reflection of revenue in the balance sheet: line

VAT is reflected in the income statement; the tax must be shown in assets and liabilities. In assets it is reflected in lines 1220, 1230, in liabilities – 1520.

In line 1220, you can reflect VAT on purchased assets - the amount of the fee that the organization undertakes to accept for deduction in the future. Line 1230 represents accounts receivable. It displays the amount of funds for the fact that buyers underpaid at the time of drawing up the balance, taking into account the fee.

Line 1520 shows the company's accounts payable including VAT. When displaying taxes, accounting entries reflect the fact of sale of goods, work to generate income, entrance fee, and refunded payment.

There are some features of recording revenue in accounting in the 1C program. When receiving income from the sale of finished products, you need to create a document. After this, the required fields are entered, products are selected and entered into the table. Information about works and services is entered in the same way.

Explanation of balance sheet asset lines

How is revenue reflected on the balance sheet?

The method of accounting for revenue is strictly prescribed in the accounting policy of the enterprise. In the first paragraph, the calculation formula looks like this: TR = OGPn + GP - OGPk, where:

• OGPN – balance of finished products as of the first day of the reporting period;
• GP – finished products produced during this time and intended for sale;
• OGPk – balance of finished products as of the last date of the reporting period.

But in the current turbulent times, an increasing number of entrepreneurs and organizations prefer the cash method of accounting for revenue.

The formula for determining revenue according to point two looks like this: TR=P*Q, where:

• TR – revenue;
• P – price per piece of goods;
• Q – volume of goods sold.

As you can see, nothing complicated. Example.

Sales profit: formula

Info

If an organization uses account 40 “Output of products (works, services)” to account for production costs, the amount of excess of the actual production cost of manufactured products, completed works and rendered services over their standard (planned) cost is included in the article “Cost of goods sold, products, works, services." In the case when the actual production cost is lower than the standard (planned) cost, the amount of this deviation reduces the data for the specified item.

Organizations can distribute administrative and commercial expenses between finished products sold and those remaining in stock (or between sold and unsold goods in trading organizations). In this case, part of these expenses will be included in the cost of products (goods).

However, they are not reflected in lines 030 and 040.

Which accounting entry reflects profit from the sale of products?

To account for income and form the cost of goods sold, work or services, account 90 “Sales” is used. Depending on the type of activity and the specifics of the organization’s work, the entries to reflect the receipt of revenue and write-off of expenses may differ. But the reflection of profit or loss from sales will be the same regardless of what activity the company conducts.

To properly understand how profit from sales is formed, it is best to analyze which turnovers fall into the 90th account:

1. Revenue is reflected by posting Dt 62 Kt 90.1. But in retail trade, the wiring will look like Dt 50 Kt 90.1 or Dt 57 Kt 90.1.
2. The cost of services and work is written off with such entries as Dt 90.2 Kt 20 (23, 26, 25, etc.). In wholesale trade, the cost of goods will be written off using the operation Dt 90.2 Kt 41, and sales expenses - Dt 90.2 Kt 44. In retail, you additionally need to take into account the markup Dt 90.2 Kt 42. And in production, the cost of finished products will be written off using the entry Dt 90.2 Kt 43.
3. VAT for any type of activity will be charged by posting Dt 90.3 Kt 68.
4. Profit from sales will be reflected in the accounting record Dt 90.9 Kt 99.
5. The loss from sales will be reflected by the posting Dt 99 Kt 90.9.

IMPORTANT! In some accounting programs, subaccount numbers may differ from the Chart of Accounts approved by the Ministry of Finance. In addition, the organization can change, delete or introduce additional sub-accounts independently if required by the specifics of its activity.

The amount of the posting in correspondence with account 99 will be equal to the profit or loss received from the sale. That is, the amount of revenue minus cost, VAT and excise taxes, if any. If the calculation is correct, the collapsed (without analytics) balance of account 90 should become zero at the end of the period. The presence of a balance will mean that the formation of the entry for writing off profit (loss) was made with an error.

When reforming the balance, it is necessary to close the 90th account. This event involves writing off the balance of all subaccounts to account 90 to account 90.9. These can be operations such as (if there is turnover during the year):

• Dt 90.1 Kt 90.9 - for writing off revenue turnover during the year;
• Dt 90.9 Kt 90.2 - for writing off turnover at cost;
• Dt 90.9 Kt 90.3 (90.4) - for writing off turnover based on accrued VAT or excise taxes.

The balance on account 90.9 (as well as on account 90 as a whole) should become zero automatically after the above operations. If this does not happen, you should look for an error in the wiring.

Read more about balance sheet reformation in the material “How and when to carry out balance sheet reformation.”

Volume of production in the balance sheet

Instruction 1 Cost analysis is one of the most important aspects of economic analysis. It shows how much it cost the company to produce a certain volume of products.

When setting the price, these expenses must be taken into account as a minimum cost. To increase profits without increasing the price of a popular product, you should explore opportunities to reduce costs without losing product quality.

2

Attention

To find the cost, add up all the costs associated with the production and sale of products. They can be divided into two large groups: variable and fixed costs.

Note that the former grow in proportion to the volume of output. These include: costs for the purchase of raw materials, labor costs, purchase or rental of special equipment, creation or purchase of containers and personal packaging

Production volume, what line in the balance sheet or where to look?)

It is this formula that should be used when analyzing external financial statements. The cost of products sold is determined by formula (8.2.1). Remains of shipped products - according to Form 1 “Balance Sheet”, line 216 “Goods shipped”.

The volume of shipped products is calculated only at cost, since the balances of shipped products in the balance sheet are taken into account only at cost.

Commodity products - the number of products, the volume of work, services intended for sale, fully completed in production. Typically, products are considered complete after their final acceptance by the inspection service.

The volumes of shipped and marketable products are related by the following relationship:

STP = SOP + SGPk - SGPn (8.2.3)

where SOP is the cost of products shipped in the reporting period, p; STP is the cost of marketable products produced in this period, p; SGPn, SGPk - balances of marketable products, respectively, at the beginning and end of the reporting period (at cost), rub.

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Calculate the company's turnover.

Annual turnover in the balance sheet line

This indicator must be indicated when planning the entire State budget of any country. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 3 Derive the adjustment factor to calculate the annual turnover of the plan year. In this case, if you want to maintain turnover at a certain level, the correction factor will have to be equal to one. But if you expect to increase your turnover, you need to understand what indicators make this possible.

For example, this could be by implementing a more aggressive promotion, by updating the product range, or by increasing prices.

Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation. Step - 4 Make a plan for implementing the necessary activities after identifying the above factors with reference to the calculated annual plan.

Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation. Step - 5 Make an adjustment

Annual volume - construction and installation work

The annual volume of construction and installation work with a quarterly breakdown is established for the general contract, including work performed in-house.  

In the event of a change in the annual volume of construction and installation work carried out in an economic way, or a change in the amounts of the specified sources of coverage of the plan, in connection with which the percentage of withholding established earlier changes, the bank institution has the right to recalculate this amount from the beginning of the quarter in which this change was made, and in the future, withhold the newly introduced percentage from the completed volume of construction and installation work. To determine the correct amount of depreciation deductions to be withheld for construction projects, the construction of which is carried out simultaneously by contract and economic methods, use the construction data on the amounts of depreciation deductions provided for in the capital investment financing plan, which should come in the form of rent, and on the amounts of depreciation that should be withheld when paying for construction and installation work performed in an economic way. Deductions from planned savings and other sources are made within the limits of the amounts provided for in the capital investment financing plan.  

Construction organizations with an annual volume of construction and installation work up to 5 million rubles. they draw up only a plan of organizational and technical measures to increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of construction and installation work. These organizations are guided in their work by the main planned indicators approved for them by the trust.

Why are calculations needed?

Accounting records serve as a reliable basis for calculating the indicator and assessing the performance of the company for the period. Both the managers of the company itself and its investors, current and potential, are interested in obtaining data characterizing balance sheet profit.

Consideration of the indicator in dynamics helps to determine how much the efficiency of the business entity has increased or decreased. By analyzing the components of profit, one can see promising directions for its receipt, factors that prevent an increase in volume, which contributes to making effective economic decisions.

For example, a decrease in profit from sales of core products may indicate:

• about the ineffective work of sales managers;
• about the fall in market prices for products;
• about a drop in demand for certain goods, works, and services.

Note! Based on accounting profit, another important indicator is calculated - net profit, the commercial efficiency of an economic entity. Net profit = book profit – income tax payable

What to do if the amounts in the declarations differ?

When checking the documentation, regulatory authorities may see that the revenue in the VAT declaration is greater than in the profit declaration. They believe that these amounts should always be identical, but in practice this is not the case. In theory, VAT revenue should be equal to profit, but this is not always true. The Federal Tax Service may request an explanation of the declaration, considering the error to be unfounded. Then the accountant needs to attach to the explanation documents that explain all transactions made during the current quarter. The more detailed he explains the current situation, the fewer questions there will be.

Tax revenue may be less in the case when some goods or services are not subject to VAT (detailed list of goods - Article 149 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

But the opposite situation also exists. When might it occur? There are transactions subject to VAT that are not taken into account when calculating income tax. For example, the gratuitous transfer of goods. For clarity, let's look at an example.

A certain woman donated some goods worth 45,000 rubles (excluding VAT) for free use. Revenue amounted to 540,000 rubles for the first quarter. Then, in the VAT return, the accountant wrote the amount 540,000 + 45,000 = 585,000. This amount is less than revenue, but this situation can be explained. When transferred free of charge, VAT is charged on goods, as with a regular sale.

Thus, with different amounts for profit and VAT, it is necessary to show why this situation arose and write an explanation about this to the tax service.

Volume of production in the balance sheet

The indicator characterizes the situation with the current solvency of the organization, the volume of its short-term borrowed funds and the timing of possible repayment of the organization's current debt to its creditors.  

The degree of solvency for current obligations (K9) is defined as the ratio of the organization's current borrowed funds (short-term liabilities) to average monthly revenue.  

The working capital ratio in calculations (K16) is calculated as the ratio of the cost of working capital minus working capital in production to average monthly revenue.  

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General information about working capital

This indicator is present in the balance sheet. It acts as an advance amount in the complex of material assets of the enterprise, which is intended to serve the economic process. Working capital is fully realized during one operational or production-commercial cycle. Thus, the working capital of an enterprise is the capital necessary for the rational formation and use of production assets in their minimum required volume. Through their use, the organization implements the established plan for the selected period.

Working capital assets are the part of the means of production that are fully consumed in each cycle and fully transfer their value to the manufactured products. Accordingly, they are fully reimbursed as a result of each production cycle.

Working production assets can be classified in the following areas:

• Inventories for production. This includes the main resources that are used to produce products. These are raw materials, materials, semi-finished products and components, fuels, packaging, spare parts that will be required if repairs are necessary. In addition to all of the above, this category includes items that wear out quickly and are of low value, that is, those that have a service life of less than one year. This category includes specialized devices, tools, as well as replacement equipment, work clothes and shoes.
• Semi-finished products produced by the company and work in progress. Work in progress includes products and goods that are subject to further processing.
• Expenses for the future period, that is, investments that will be required to develop new equipment or products. This may include paying rent for some time in advance. This is the only non-material category that relates to production assets.

Circulation funds are also classified as working capital. These include:

• Remains of finished products stored in warehouses.
• Products and goods that have already been shipped and delivered, but have not yet been paid for by customers.
• The amount of balances in accounts receivable, a real bank account, in cash, in settlements, as well as financial investments in securities.

The ratio of individual constituent elements in working capital to their total value characterizes their structure. This is the ratio between different elements, which is expressed as a percentage of the total.

Also, working capital in the balance sheet can be classified into own and equivalent assets, as well as borrowed assets. The first include those that were allocated by the founders of the organization for the continuous functioning of production. The main sources of own working capital are profit, as well as financial on-farm resources.

Working capital equivalent to own are those funds that do not belong to the enterprise, but, according to the operating conditions, are constantly in its circulation. They can also be called stable liabilities. This category includes the minimum salary arrears to employees, accruals, and reserve funds for future payments.

Borrowed funds are those finances that are obtained by an organization from the outside through loans and borrowings.

Other income in the income statement

Others include income receipts (if they are not the main ones depending on the type of activity) received from (clause 7 of PBU 9/99):

• OS sales;
• leasing property or granting the right to use intellectual products;
• payment of penalties for violation of obligations under concluded agreements;
• the value of assets accepted free of charge;
• revealed profits of previous years;
• compensation for damage;
• posting overdue debts to creditors;
• positive exchange rate differences, additional valuations of previously discounted financial investments, fixed assets and intangible assets, etc.

It is impossible to see other income in the balance sheet, but a separate line is provided for them in the financial financial statements. The totality of similar income available in the reporting period is reflected in line 2340 of the financial structure. This value is determined as the amount of the account’s credit turnover. 91/1, excluding data on accounting for interest received and participation in the management capital of other companies (there are separate lines for them in the OFR), reduced by the debit turnover for the payment of VAT and excise taxes.

Procedure for filling out balance sheet assets

Form 1 asset consists of 2 sections:

• Current assets;
• Fixed assets.

All types of property, financial assets and debts subject to collection are assets of the enterprise. Depending on the degree of liquidity, they are classified into the first or second section:

• Current assets include property that has high liquidity, i.e., something that can be sold in a short time and received funds, for example, inventory items.
• Non-current assets include property with low liquidity, the sale period of which takes a long time, for example, fixed assets.

The lines of the 1st section of the asset are calculated using the following formulas:

Important: in order for the document to contain signs of a good balance, it is necessary to have analytical information for each of the accounting accounts.

The second section of the balance sheet is filled in according to the following accounts:

Important: the amount of balances on active accounts that are not included in the general information is entered in the certificate of the presence of valuables in off-balance sheet accounts.

Where can I find the amount of revenue in the financial statements?

No such line exists. To reflect revenue, another important accounting report is used - financial results. However, revenue and balance sheet are related, although this connection is not clearly visible. Let's trace it using the example of individual balance sheet lines. Revenue and the 1st section of the balance sheet Almost every line of the first section of the balance sheet is associated with a revenue indicator. For example, if the residual value of fixed assets or intangible assets decreased sharply during the reporting period, it is possible that some of them were sold. In this case, we can talk about the company’s possible revenue from their sale. If information appears on the balance sheet about profitable investments in material assets, you can expect to receive revenue from an activity such as renting out property. Add to favoritesSend by email Revenue in the balance sheet - in which line can you see it? Such a question can only arise from someone who is far from accounting, since there is simply no specific line in the balance sheet in which revenue is presented. Yet revenue and balance sheet are interconnected. Where to find revenue in the balance sheet Revenue and the 1st section of the balance sheet Revenue and current assets 3rd section of the balance sheet and revenue Revenue and borrowed funds Results Where to find revenue in the balance sheet When the company has operated for a year, everyone is interested in knowing what its revenue is for this period and what part of it is expenses.

It is by these indicators that one can judge the profitability or unprofitability of its activities. According to all accounting laws, the balance sheet is a snapshot of the company’s performance indicators at a certain reporting date.

Searching the balance sheet for a line that would show revenue is useless.

Average annual turnover for the last year.

Annual turnover in the balance sheet line

Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 5 Make an adjustment to the result you received for last year using the inflation coefficient of the plan year (multiply these values). Next, multiply the resulting amount by the correction factor, i.e. by the amount of decrease (increment) in annual turnover. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 6 Divide the annual turnover value by month to obtain the expected sales amount for each specific month of the company's operation.

At the same time, try to take into account the specifics of your business activity - do not divide your income into equal parts. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation. Step - 7 Please also keep in mind that any activity of an organization, even in such a short period as one year, has its ups and downs.

Track them using data from previous years and then plan monthly turnover (income) according to market changes.

Actions if the amounts in the declarations differ

Discrepancies can be internal or with counterparties. Internal discrepancies in the declaration may arise if deduction amounts that contain kopecks have been rounded. The limit of permissible discrepancy should be no more than 10 rubles. If these discrepancies are identified, as well as discrepancies with counterparties, explanations may be required.

If there are differences in the data in the declaration and in the balance sheet, the fiscal authorities may also have questions for the payer. Tax officials compare declarations with accounting records. In case of discrepancies, there is a risk of claims arising during a desk inspection, as well as during an on-site inspection.

One of the mistakes may be the larger amount of accounting income than tax income. If tax revenue exceeds accounting revenue, this will not cause serious problems. However, otherwise, the tax authorities may consider that the tax base is underestimated.

If the tax authority requires explanations, they must be sent within 5 business days after the message with the request is received. Explanations must be provided in writing.

BP analysis

So, book profit has been calculated. It is worth understanding what this indicator gives. It is used to analyze the financial and economic activities of an enterprise, ways of further development and factors that have a direct impact.

Advice: if at the end of the reporting period your balance sheet turns out to be unprofitable, reconsider the company’s operating policies.

Above we discussed the balance sheet lines, which reflect the income/loss of the enterprise. The goal of each manager is to reduce the balance sheet to a positive result at the end of the reporting period.

Activities to help the enterprise overcome losses and generate additional profit:

• Improving the quality of products;
• Increasing the volume of products produced;
• Equipment that is not used in production must be sold or leased;
• Optimization of the work process and the use of production resources, which will lead to a reduction in the cost of manufactured goods;
• Increasing sales markets;
• Reduced production costs;
• By increasing equipment capacity, increasing product output.

The “profit” indicator for an enterprise is the most important factor of production in a market economy. The goal of every commercial enterprise is to gain profit and increase it annually.

Main ways to increase profits:

• Reducing the cost per unit of goods;
• Revenue growth due to an increase in the volume of products.

Let's summarize. BP or loss helps determine how effectively the economic strategy of the enterprise was applied. The indicators that make up profit allow you to assess what should be emphasized in increasing it in the future reporting period. The main ways to increase profits are to reduce the cost of goods and increase production.

Revenue in the balance sheet - in which line can you see it? Most often, this question arises among accountants—newbies or those who are far from accounting. An experienced accountant will immediately say that there is simply no specific line in the balance sheet in which revenue is presented. And he will be right and wrong at the same time. Although there is no line with revenue in the balance sheet, revenue and the balance sheet are still interconnected. We will tell you exactly how in our article.

How to find out the company's turnover for the year.

Annual turnover in the balance sheet line

Advice from an Expert - Financial Consultant Photos on the topic Average annual turnover refers to the speed at which funds pass through the various stages of production. Moreover, the greater the turnover rate of working capital, the more profit the company will receive.

Just follow these simple step-by-step tips and you will be on the right track in solving your financial issues. So, let's look at the actions that need to be taken. Step - 1 Calculate the asset turnover and then the duration of one turnover.

In turn, in order to calculate asset turnover, divide the revenue by the sum of the average annual value of assets: Kob = B/A, where A is an indicator of the average annual value of assets (the sum of all capital); B – the value of revenue for the analyzed period (for example, a year). The resulting value will show you how much turnover is generated by the funds invested in the assets (property) of the enterprise per year.

As the value of this indicator increases, the company's business activity increases. Next, we move on to the next step of the recommendation. Step - 2 Divide the duration of the period under consideration by the asset turnover rate, this way you will determine the duration of one turnover. In this calculation, it should be taken into account that the smaller the sum of this value, the better for the company. Next, we move on to the next step of the recommendation. Step - 3 Calculate the coefficient of consolidation of assets involved in turnover. It is equal

Which line is the company's turnover in the balance sheet?

Where can I find the revenue line on the balance sheet?

Full analysis of the financial statements

When starting their own business, most organizations expect to quickly receive income from sales of goods or services offered. It often happens that people involved in the management and distribution of funds do not take into account that in order to obtain free funds, a good turnover of goods and services is necessary in a short period. For coordinated, income-generating work, a company requires cash investments. Payments for goods, services and assets used can be made both in cash and non-cash.

The term “company’s cash turnover” means the totality of all methods of making a profit: payments for goods, settlements on credit obligations, as well as payments to employees and shareholders. Occurs using available money. Produced through the circulation of non-cash funds at the request of the recipient from the payer’s account at sight negotiable document. A company’s turnover is a set of processes necessary to increase turnover. To do this, various interaction methods can be used to pay for goods, services or materials received:

1. Monetary turnover (applicable for the provision of services or goods on credit).
2. Monetary and financial turnover (characteristic of material relations between the customer and the contractor).
3. Cash flow (used in the interaction of legal entities and individuals to pay bills for received goods and services for non-commodity obligations).

The company's turnover is

Balance sheet profit in reporting (form 2)

There are several types of profit on the income statement.

The following indicators exist:

• gross profit;
• profit (loss) from sales;
• profit (loss) before tax;
• Net income (loss).

As you can see, the concept of balance sheet profit is absent in the reporting (Form 2). The fact is that the balance sheet profit of an enterprise is a value that is considered a cumulative total from the beginning of the year. But it is not in the annual reports. The reason is the entries that the accountant makes at the end of the year and which reset certain accounting accounts. Therefore, we can say that the balance sheet profit of an enterprise is reflected in the reporting for the quarter, half a year and 9 months.

Formula for calculating gross profit:

Gross profit (line 2100) = Revenue (line 2110) - Cost (line 2120)

Line 2110 is a line in Form 2, which indicates revenue from the sale of products, goods, works, services. It is taken without value added tax and excise taxes.

Line 2120 shows the cost. That is, it includes expenses for ordinary activities.

To determine profit or loss from sales, calculate using the formula:

Profit (loss) from sales (line 2200) = Gross profit (line 2100) - Selling expenses (line 2210) - Administrative expenses (line 2220)

Line 2210 in the balance sheet is the amount of expenses from the ordinary activities of the organization. That is, this element of the formula is associated with the sale of goods, works, and services.

Line 2220 is all the costs that the company had and that are associated with managing the organization.

The calculation for profit before tax is as follows:

Profit (loss) before tax (line 2300) = profit (loss) from sales (line 2200) + Income from participation in other organizations (line 2310) + Interest receivable (line 2320) - Interest payable (line 2330) + Other income (line 2340) - Other expenses (line 2350)

To do this calculation, you must first complete lines 2310-2350 on your balance sheet income statement. Then we add the income to the figure of 2200, which was calculated earlier. Then we take into account expenses and get profit or loss. We look at the results in line 2300.

The formula for calculating balance sheet profit is as follows:

Balance sheet profit = line 2110 - line 2120 - line 2210 - line 2220 + line 2310 + line 2320 - line 2330 + line 2340 - line 2350

In annual reporting, balance sheet profit can be calculated as the sum of retained earnings from line 1370 and income taxes that the company must pay for the year.

Systematization of accounting

12/24/2018 Contents The concept of annual turnover implies the amount of income of an enterprise/entrepreneur from its activities - that is, the entire amount of sales of products, goods, services and work for the year. In other words, gross income.

So how do you calculate annual turnover as the sum of a business's gross income?

Instructions First, determine the level of annual turnover of past periods of your enterprise. If your company is just starting out, take industry statistics and learn from your competitors. Look at the government's inflation forecasts for the year you are planning.

This indicator must be indicated when planning the State budget. Enter the adjustment factor to calculate the annual turnover of the plan year: you want to leave the turnover at the achieved level - then the adjustment factor is equal to one.

If you want to increase your turnover, then you must understand what factors make this possible: by conducting a more aggressive advertising campaign, by updating products, by increasing prices - identify these factors and draw up an implementation plan linked to the annual plan. Adjust the results you achieved in previous years by the inflation coefficient of the planning year and by the adjustment factor - the amount of increase or decrease in annual turnover. For example: over the previous three years, your company’s turnover was 3,000,000 rubles per year on average.

You have decided that this year you will increase your annual turnover by 15%.

The company's total income line on the balance sheet

Preferred shares were issued in the amount of 100 thousand rubles with a par value of 20 thousand rubles, each with a yield of 50% per annum. The par value of ordinary shares is 10 thousand rubles.

The net profit of the enterprise amounted to 1000 rubles. The meeting of shareholders decided to allocate 40% of the net profit to the enterprise development fund, 20% of the profit to the material incentive fund, 5% to the reserve fund. The balance of net profit for the payment of dividends. Determine the amount of dividends on invested capital.

Solution:

1)n=100/20=5 pieces (number of shares).

2)n=300/10=30 pieces (number of ordinary shares)

3) Df = 0.5 * 20 * 5 = 50 thousand rubles (dividend fund for preferred shares)

4)m=0.5*20=10 thousand rubles. (mass of dividends per 1 preferred share)

5) Net profit distributed among funds is 950 thousand rubles.

6)FG=950*0.4=380 (development fund)

7) FMP=950*0.2=190 thousand rubles (material incentive fund)

8)RF=950*0.05=47.5 (reserve fund)

9)DF=332.5 (dividend fund on ordinary shares)

M=332.5/30=11.08 thousand rubles (mass of dividends per ordinary share)

11)do=11.08/10*100=110.8% (income of ordinary shares)

12) Г=(50+332.5)/100=3.825/382.5% (return on the invested capital of the founders).

Question 13: Methods for analyzing and planning the total volume and structure of retail turnover

So, what can revenue tell us at first glance:

• Is our product (service) in general demand;
• Analysis of revenue for a single product item at different retail outlets will help make a decision on moving certain groups of goods from one retail outlet to another (where it is sold faster);
• Which product should be purchased or produced in larger volumes;
• Comparing revenue indicators for past and current periods allows you to assess how quickly the enterprise is developing, or maybe, on the contrary, there has been a decline and urgent measures need to be taken;
• Having data on the current revenue of the enterprise, an entrepreneur can intelligently redistribute funds to pay bills, taxes, wages, and purchase a new batch of goods.

In the economic analysis of an enterprise, the revenue indicator is also used.

What is included in total income?

Cumulative is the return for a specific period of time. This indicator combines all forms of profit, both in material (monetary) and intangible forms. If a person receives some property, then the official price is used when calculating the final amount.

Because this amount is taxable, it does not include tax-exempt payments. These are pensions, subsidies, payments to cover damage, social benefits.

This indicator can be used in various concepts:

1. For individuals. In this case, the result consists of the sources of profit that an individual has - salary, pension, inheritance received, profit from business, borrowed funds, proceeds from the sale of property.
2. For a legal entity. Includes the amount of revenue that was received during the reporting period.
3. Family. It is the sum of incoming transactions that all family members receive. This calculation is used when determining whether a family is low-income. In this case, the average annual family income is calculated (salaries and other types of funds received are summed up, and then the result is divided by the number of relatives). If the amount is lower than the minimum established by the state, the family is considered poor.
4. Monthly. It is calculated in cases where family solvency is determined (obtaining a loan, subsidies, compensation for utility bills).

When calculating, the following are summed up:

1. Salary (received in person - with all allowances and minus fees).
2. Benefits and forms of financial assistance.
3. Maternity payments.
4. Alimony.
5. Pension.
6. Scholarship.
7. Insurance payments.
8. Profit for doing business.
9. Social payments.
10. Interest on bank deposits.
11. Profit received from the rental of property.
12. Funds received from the sale of securities.
13. Funds received from the sale of property.
14. Received inheritance.
15. Property received as a gift.

Calculation of funds
Only those funds that a person received for the sale of their own home are not taken into account if they were immediately spent on the purchase (reconstruction, construction) of a new home for living.

Scope of work

Work is an action aimed at development. Production volume is measured in the number of manufactured products of each type. How to calculate this indicator, for example, in construction? It is necessary to first familiarize yourself with the design materials and divide them into underground and above-ground work. Then the volume of work required to complete each task is calculated: laying the foundation, heating system, water supply system, all floors and building elements. The consumption rate of materials is indicated in the design documentation. The calculated amount of work is multiplied by its cost.

What wiring is used?

Posting - the method of reflecting the profit received can be varied. There are two main options in modern economics. Firstly, the reflection of income at the time of shipment to the counterparty, and secondly, at the time of receipt of payment for the product/service from the counterparty.

Obviously, each posting has its own characteristics and they relate not only to the choice of account to be reflected. From an economic point of view, posting at the time of transfer of goods to the counterparty is considered more risky. If after this no settlement occurs, then the profit goes into debit debt - a debt that must be paid by the counterparty to the supplier.

As with any debts, one unpleasant thing can happen to accounts receivable - delays. Therefore, it is possible that the profit already reflected in the balance sheet will not be received in a timely manner. Another thing is the reflection of the funds actually received, everything is simpler here, because the accountant takes into account the money already received into the company’s account, the risks are minimal. Now let's talk about posting accounts:

Tags: asset, balance sheet, accountant, capital, ratio, credit, tax, expense, reserve, write-off, formula

Can a loan be greater than a debit?

Every day the bank carries out an operation to determine the difference between the debit and credit of an entrepreneur on his current account, and based on the result they determine:

• when the difference has a positive result, ─ it says that the debit is greater than the credit;
• if the result is negative, then the credit is greater than the debit.

A typical banking agreement for servicing the current account of a person conducting entrepreneurial activity implies that:

• the client always has access to his own funds;
• the entrepreneur must use his own funds.

From the conditions described above, we can conclude that the bank does not intend to work with a negative result (balance). It turns out that when there is no money in the account, the bank simply may not fulfill any obligations to pay salaries and other orders of the entrepreneur, which gradually forms a chain of documents and instructions in the following sequence:

1. Requirements of judicial representatives to an entrepreneur for compensation of damage caused in the event of his activities to citizens of the Russian Federation, as well as collection of fees for obligations to minor children.
2. Documentation on the frequency of payment of wages, as well as all funds to dismissed employees of the enterprise, as well as people working under contracts.
3. Tax deductions.

To avoid such a situation, it is recommended that the entrepreneur enter into two types of agreements with the bank - a service agreement and a loan agreement. The bank sets a credit limit on the entrepreneur’s current account - an overdraft. This is when there is no money in the entrepreneur’s account, he can briefly use bank funds to carry out mandatory payments.