How to submit accounting reports in 2021: composition, forms and deadlines

In 2021, there were changes in accounting legislation, which partly affected the submission of financial statements in 2021. Its composition, submission deadlines (taking into account postponements due to coronavirus, quarantine and non-working days) and forms that can be downloaded are discussed in this consultation.

Also see:

• “Form of the balance sheet in 2021: changes”
• "Income Statement: Changes from 2021"

What and when to take

The composition of accounting reports in 2021 is regulated by Part 1 of Art. 14 of the Law on Accounting No. 402-FZ.

Accounting reporting forms

Organizational reporting is divided into statistical, tax and accounting (financial) reporting. In this article we will talk about its last type: its classification, functions, forms, deadlines for submission to government agencies.

What is it and why

Accounting statements are the final result of the work of accountants and generalized information about the financial position of the company. It is also a collection of data on the performance of an enterprise for a certain period of time.

It is impossible without accounting - these concepts always follow each other. Its main goal is to inform all interested parties about the state of affairs in the company.

Types of financial statements

Financial statements are a kind of final step that summarizes accounting. There is a certain classification of financial statements, which determines the difference in its preparation.

Types of financial statements are determined by such characteristics as their composition, purpose and data used in them. Accordingly, types can be classified based on:

1.

The area for which accounting documentation is prepared.

2.

The time period for which it is compiled.

3.

The one by whom it will be considered.

4.

The amount of data it contains.

Based on the first criterion - for which area it is compiled - financial statements are divided into management and tax. The management report is compiled for the managers of the organization - so that they know about the state of affairs in the company and, based on the data contained in the financial statements, can make rational management decisions. The tax office has other goals: to choose the most suitable tax regime for the company and reduce taxation costs.

The second sign – time – classifies accounting reporting into annual and interim. The annual report contains the financial results of the enterprise for the year - accordingly, it is possible to summarize the effectiveness of the company for 12 months. Note that a period of one year is the standard reporting period for financial statements. And the intermediate one is the one that is formed in less than a year. Typically compiled over a period of three months, six months or nine months. What is noteworthy for this type is that in most cases, documentation is compiled for the internal needs of the organization and is subject to review at the internal level.

From this follows the third sign of dividing accounting financial statements into types - this is the purpose of use, that is, who will review it. Here there is a division into external and internal. External reports are prepared for the entire external field: government bodies, investors, creditors, banks, etc. External reports are needed by employees and the management of the organization itself.

The last feature - the amount of data contained - creates such types of accounting reports as individual, summary and consolidated reports. The differences in these types are as follows. Individual – speaks about the activities of one organization. The summary report is compiled by combining individual reports of the organization. Consolidated - by combining the reports of legal entities related to each other economically and financially.

The key difference between the last two types is that a consolidated one is compiled within the framework of one owner, and a consolidated one - within the framework of several owners. The summary reflects aggregate data on the structures of one enterprise. And the consolidated one reflects data for different organizations, that is, it unites independent structures in the format of one large enterprise.

So, having understood the types of financial statements, let’s talk about their functions.

Functions of accounting reports

The essence of accounting is a summary of indicators for a certain period of time for all parameters of the company’s economic activities. Therefore, the essence of accounting reporting is to systematize these indicators and present the results of calculations carried out on them.

Regardless of the types and forms of accounting reporting, it performs a certain list of functions, for the implementation of which it is compiled. In fact, this list includes only two functions:

Informational.

Accounting statements are a treasure trove of information for stakeholders. She talks about the company's financial situation. Shows ongoing financial processes and their results – final and intermediate.

Controlling.

Both the managers and owners of the company, as well as government agencies, investors, investors and other external stakeholders can use the report to obtain information about the performance of this company. Based on the information received, they can draw conclusions - what to change in its policy, whether to continue investing, whether to give a loan, whether its activities comply with the law.

We've sorted out the classification and functions, now let's move on to looking at the forms.

All forms of financial statements

When preparing documents for filing accounting type reports, you must use only legally established forms of such reports.

Why do we need accounting financial reporting forms?

The fact is that documents, upon presentation, must be in a standardized form and meet the requirements set by state regulatory authorities. Clearly written and established forms make life easier both for company employees when drawing up and for the state when checking.

The accounting reporting forms were approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n. This document specifies what data each form is used to display. It is worth noting that amendments and changes are regularly made to this legal act. Thus, one of the latest innovations is the renaming of the “profit and loss” report to “financial results”.

Instructions for filling out financial statements are approved by PBU 4/99.

To understand what and how should be reflected in the document, let’s study all forms of financial statements separately.

Standard forms of financial statements are divided into basic and supplementary forms.

First, let's look at the basic forms of accounting reporting.

The first one is the balance sheet.

. This is the main document, the basis for subsequent documentation and the final stage of the organization’s activities. This form of accounting report includes assets and liabilities, which give an idea of ​​what funds the company has and whether they are enough to cover expenses. Data in the balance sheet is grouped in the form of indicators by balances on accounting accounts. When drawing up a balance sheet, you must adhere to the rule that asset = liability. Its compliance proves the correctness of the accounting carried out in the organization. Based on the balance sheet, indicators are analyzed over time and changes in the shares of all balance sheet items for the compared periods. An analysis of the liquidity and solvency of the enterprise is also being carried out.

The second of the main forms is the financial results statement.

(previously - about profit and loss). It clearly shows the company’s expenses and income for the reporting period, as well as the final result – profit or loss. The document accumulates data on revenue indicators, cost of sales, commercial expenses, etc. This completed form can also be analyzed for changes in indicators over time, and based on revenue data, the business activity of the enterprise can be analyzed.

The standard reporting forms described above are a kind of “skeleton” for drawing up other accounting documents. To fully consider the situation from all sides, additional forms are needed.

Therefore, the following standard forms of financial statements are of an explanatory and accompanying nature.

Statement of changes in equity

– this document explains transactions that entailed changes in the capital of the organization. To be completed only if there were such transactions in the reporting period, for example, shares were issued or the authorized capital was increased.

Cash flow statement

shows the movement of cash flows in the company, receipts into accounts along with their sources. The document contains three sections, which separately take into account movements in current, financial and investment activities. Based on the document data, changes in indicators for a particular article are also revealed.

Report on the intended use of funds

(about targeted financing) - needed to reflect data on the use of funds received. Based on it, conclusions are drawn about the correctness of their use. As a rule, this type of document is needed by non-profit organizations (NPOs) to inform about their use of funds from contributions and other gratuitous receipts.

Appendix to the balance sheet

– gives an explanation of his articles.

Submission to government agencies

There have been some changes since January 1, 2021. Thus, from 2020, all legal entities must now submit accounting reports to the Federal Tax Service only in electronic format (with the exception of SMEs). Legal deposit and the auditor's report accompanying it are transmitted through the EDF operator, whom the company needs to select and enter into an agreement with. For example, you can easily submit documents to the Federal Tax Service through Taxcom: the operator provides a choice of a web version of Online Sprinter and a software version of Dockliner. There is also a solution built into 1C.

When working in Taksky solutions, no samples are required when filling out forms: the service will tell you how to fill out certain fields, and there is also a system for checking for errors.

Another change is updating accounting forms. The forms for updated financial statements were approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n (as amended on April 19, 2019). Taxkom services provide only current samples and forms of documents. So that you can find sample forms yourself, here are the numbers of OKUD report forms:

—

Balance sheet – OKUD 0710001;

—

Oh fin. results – OKUD 0710002;

—

On the intended use of funds - OKUD 0710003;

—

On changes in capital – OKUD 0710004;

—

About the movement of money. funds – OKUD 0710005.

You can also obtain accounting documentation on Garant.ru and ConsultantPlus.

The deadlines for submission to the Federal Tax Service for 2021 remained standard - within three months from the end of the reporting period, no later than March 31, 2021.

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Major changes from 2021

Numerical indicators in accounting reports are allowed to be given only in thousands of rubles, but not .

There's a bang in the hat. the balance sheet now needs to indicate whether the statements are subject to mandatory audit. And if yes, then information about the auditor.

The machine-readable reporting form KND 0710099 has been significantly adjusted to take into account changes in PBU 18/02, which regulates income tax calculations. They begin to operate in 2021. But it is not necessary to report on the new form for 2021. It is mandatory only for those who, starting from 2021, voluntarily apply the new version of PBU 18/02.

For more information about this, see “How to apply the new rules of PBU 18/02 from 2021.”

The machine-readable formats and forms for presenting accounting reports recommended by the Federal Tax Service of Russia are given in letter No. VD-4-1/24013 dated November 25, 2019.

In addition, the obligation to submit a copy of the accounting records to Rosstat has been canceled.

Also see “What is GIR BO of the Federal Tax Service of Russia as an official accounting resource.”

Starting with the 2021 report, all organizations, except representatives of small businesses, submit reports only in electronic form.

Starting from reporting for 2021, the head of the company has the right to sign an electronic balance sheet using an electronic digital signature (updated version of Part 8 of Article 13 of the Accounting Law).

Read also

15.11.2019

How to fill it out

The rules for filling out form No. 3 are regulated by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n. The form must reflect reliable information corresponding to the primary accounting documents.

Structure

Form 3 consists of the following sections:

• Section 1. Movement of capital - data on the increase or decrease in equity capital over the last 2 years is reflected, as well as information on the reasons and grounds for such changes;
• Section 2. Correcting information - reflects data related to the correction of errors when submitting forms for previous years, as well as adjustments related to changes in the accounting policies of the enterprise;
• Section 3. Net assets - information about the company’s net assets for the last three years is indicated (calculation periods are regulated by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated August 28, 2014 No. 84n).

Adding other sections to the structure of Form No. 3 is not allowed.

This video on accounting and financial analysis examines the main forms of financial statements:

Instructions

The most significant amount of data will be indicated in Section 1 of Form 3. To do this, increases or changes in the company's equity capital are reflected, as well as references to the reasons for such changes. After reflecting the data for each direction, they are summarized in the “Total” column of Section 1.

Here are the rules to follow when filling out Form 3:

• first, data on balances as of 31.12 of the year preceding the reporting period is reflected;
• information for the reporting period is filled in with the balance of capital displayed as of December 31;
• by comparing the specified data, the change and the current balance of capital at the end of the reporting year are reflected.

All information is entered in columns and lines that correspond to the classification of capital and the reasons for its changes. For example, a decrease in capital on the basis of “Reorganization of a legal entity” is reflected in the corresponding line under code 3224.

Completing Section 2 is a priority, since the updated and corrected data will be used in preparing Form 3.

Forms and samples

Form 3, like other forms, is approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 66n. An enterprise required to fill out the specified form cannot, on its own initiative, change its structure or list of information.

You can find a sample of Form 3 for filling out financial statements here.

Sample of filling out Form 3 of financial statements

Financial statements according to IFRS

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are European accounting standards. They are published by the International Accounting Standards Board. IFRS describes the procedure for how accountants must keep records of company reports and the details of its presentation to users.

IFRS reporting is more understandable for users and shows the real state of affairs of the company. Helps to enter the stock markets of many countries around the world, obtain bank loans abroad, and compare data on group enterprises located in different countries of the world.

Since 1998, there has been a gradual process of convergence between RAS and IFRS. Since 2018, banks, insurance companies and non-state pension funds are required to prepare IFRS reports; this is not yet mandatory for other companies.

Reporting documentation under IFRS is obtained by transforming accounting data into IFRS, when data on RAS accounts is transferred to IFRS accounts, according to established rules, after which additional procedures, accruals, and adjustments are carried out.

Audit of financial statements

An audit of financial statements is a check of the reliability of its data, as well as finding out how much the company’s accounting complies with the rules established by the legislation of the country. The audit can be voluntary or mandatory. The obligation to conduct an audit is stated in Federal Law No. 307-FZ of December 30, 2008 “On Auditing Activities”. According to the provisions of this law, the following are subject to mandatory audit:

• companies whose revenue over the past year exceeded 400 million rubles or whose assets exceeded 60 million;
• all joint stock companies;
• organizations involved in lending, insurance, clearing institutions, casinos, and others.

The list of companies is specified in more detail in Art. 5 Federal Law No. 307 “On auditing activities”. Companies that are subject to mandatory audit must conduct it annually. According to Federal Law No. 208-FZ dated July 27, 2010 “On Consolidated Financial Statements”, the group’s consolidated statements are also subject to mandatory audit. A group is understood as the totality of the parent company, as well as all its subsidiaries. Based on the results of the audit, the organization receives a report and an audit report expressing the auditors’ opinion on the reporting documentation being audited, the scope of the audit and methods, general recommendations, as well as detected violations and possible options for correcting them.

If you neglect the requirements or rules established by law for maintaining accounting records, preparing financial statements, the Tax Code and the Code of Administrative Offenses indicate liability in the form of fines, penalties, and in case of tax evasion, the Criminal Code also allows imprisonment.

Administrative liability in the form of fines is provided for:

• in case of untimely or incorrect accounting of transactions, cash flows, material assets, and other transactions. For these violations under the Tax Code, an enterprise may be required to pay a fine in the amount of 5,000-15,000 rubles, and if these actions led to an understatement of income tax, then it will be required to pay a fine in the amount of 10% of the unpaid tax;
• for distortion of accounting data, incorrect calculation of taxes and fees - a fine of 2,000 to 3,000 rubles is prescribed in the Code of Administrative Violations;
• for violation of deadlines for the provision of financial statements or an audit report, the organization will be required to pay a fine of 50 rubles for each unsubmitted form and a fine of 300 to 500 will be imposed on officials of the organization. If you independently discover an error in reporting, calculation and payment of taxes, you can submit revised reporting and an updated declaration, this will help avoid a fine.

With the help of special programs, you can carry out accounting and conduct economic analysis - the program will display a prepared report on the financial position of the enterprise, as well as analyze the main forms of financial statements. There are program modules that can transform Russian reporting into reporting in IFRS.

Current software has a convenient function - to transmit the necessary reports and documentation to tax authorities and extra-budgetary funds via computer via the Internet.

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