Reflection of losses in accounting entries

How the financial result is reflected - postings

A loss in accounting (hereinafter referred to as BU) is determined at the end of the reporting period by comparing the costs incurred and the revenue received. The financial result (profit or loss) is obtained from the sum of the results for the usual types of activity for the enterprise and other inflows and outflows. To record financial results, the chart of accounts (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n) provides for account 99 “Profit and Loss”. During the financial year, the periods for which interim reporting is generated are closed, and the following entries are made:

Note that the reflection of the facts of financial and economic activities for all subaccounts of accounts 90 and 91 is carried out continuously throughout the year, on an accrual basis. And only when the balance sheet is reformed at the end of the year, they are reset by postings Dt 90.1 Kt 90.9, Dt 90.9 Kt 90.2 (90.3). For count 91, the reformation is performed in a similar way. Accordingly, the accountant does nothing with the loss incurred at the end of interim reporting periods - the financial results are simply accumulated in account 99. But at the end of the year, the accumulated balance in account 99 is included in retained earnings or uncovered losses by postings:

Accounting loss and tax loss - postings

When, according to accounting and tax accounting data (hereinafter - NU), a profit is obtained and both values ​​are equal, then there are no difficulties in calculating and reflecting income tax (hereinafter - IR) in accounting. If in one of the accounting systems - BU or NU - one financial result was obtained, and in the other - another, then when closing the period, attention should be paid to PBU 18/02, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n. In our article we will look at cases where discrepancies in losses arise in accounting and accounting records.

ConsultantPlus experts explained how to apply PBU 18/02 when receiving a loss in accounting and tax accounting:

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Read about the obligation to apply PBU 18/02 in the article “PBU 18/02 - who should apply and who should not?” .

According to Art. 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, an organization has the right to transfer losses received in the current tax period to the future, that is, to reduce the tax base by the amount of these losses in subsequent periods in full or in parts.

Read more about tax loss here.

Therefore, even if in the current period the financial results according to accounting and accounting standards are equal, then in subsequent periods, other things being equal, accounting and tax profits will differ, thus, a deductible temporary difference will arise (clause 11 of PBU 18/02). Please note that the loss carry forward rule only works for the tax period (year); it does not apply to losses for the reporting period.

Let's consider 3 cases of losses and related transactions.

The same loss in accounting and financial accounting

According to clause 20 of PBU 18/02, after the accountant determines the financial result according to the accounting data, he must calculate and reflect in accounting the conditional income or expense for the NP. This must be done because the tax loss for the reporting period is reset to zero (clause 8 of Article 274 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), and the financial result according to the accounting system remains unchanged. The amount is calculated by multiplying the accounting loss by the IR rate and is reflected by posting:

• Dt 68 Kt 99 - for the amount of conditional income for income tax.

Further, in case of a loss, a deferred tax asset (DTA) for the same amount should be reflected:

• Dt 09 Kt 68 - SHE.

Thus, if a loss is recorded in NU and ACC, then account 68, subaccount “NP” will have a zero balance, and the declaration for payment will also reflect 0. In this case, the resulting difference between 0 in NU and the amount of loss in ACC should be reflected in accounting (form SHE).

Loss in NU, profit in accounting

If a loss was formed in the NU, and a profit in the accounting book, then in the NU the expenses were greater or the income was less, which means that in the current period deferred tax liabilities (DTL) should be reflected for taxable temporary differences or permanent tax income (PTI) for permanent differences . When closing the period, the accountant reflects the conditional expense for the IR, which is compensated by previously made entries for IT or PND, thereby bringing the current IR to 0.

Let's look at this situation with an example.

Example

In Kaleidoscope LLC, the profit according to the accounting book is equal to 250 thousand rubles, the loss according to the accounting book is 500 thousand rubles. The difference arose due to the write-off by Kaleidoscope of the depreciation premium on the new fixed asset - 350 thousand rubles. (IT). Also, Kaleidoscope LLC received equipment free of charge from the founder - an individual who has a share in the authorized capital equal to 70%. The cost of the equipment was 400 thousand rubles. In the accounting system, this income is reflected as other income; in the tax accounting system, it is not recognized as taxable income (subclause 11, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). The following entries were made in the accounting of Kaleidoscope LLC:

On account 68 at the end of the period a zero balance is formed, which corresponds to the value of the NP according to the NU data, because there was a loss there. Accordingly, the tax is 0.

To learn whether an accountant should worry while awaiting tax inspections if a loss is shown in the tax return, read the article “What are the consequences of reflecting a loss in the income tax return?” .

If the tax office has asked you for an explanation of a loss in reporting, use a sample explanation from ConsultantPlus and receive free trial access to the system.

The following situation assumes that in BU the expenses were higher or income was lower than in NU, so this time the loss was formed in BU, and profit in NU.

Loss in accounting, profit in NU

In this situation, in the current period, there were deductible temporary differences, which led to the reflection of VTA, and/or permanent differences, as a result of which a permanent tax expense (PTR) was shown. Let's look at an example.

Example

In Karusel LLC, the profit according to accounting is equal to 150 thousand rubles, the loss according to accounting is 300 thousand rubles. Previously, the organization recognized ONA for a loss carried forward; the amount of the transferred loss is 400 thousand rubles. In the current tax period, Karusel LLC can repay part of the loss in the amount of 150 thousand rubles. at the expense of the profit received at NU. In addition, in the current year, a temporary difference arose in the accounting of Karusel LLC due to the excess of depreciation amounts according to the accounting book of the depreciation amounts according to the accounting book by 450 thousand rubles. The following entries were made in the accounting of Karusel LLC:

Thus, the turnover on the debit of account 68 is equal to 90 thousand rubles. and on the loan - 90 thousand rubles, that is, the current NP is 0 rubles. According to the tax return for the year, the tax amount for the year is also 0, since the tax profit was reset to zero by paying off the loss of previous years.

Losses of previous years in 1C 8.3 Accounting 3.0

When reforming the balance sheet at the end of the year, the calculated current income tax can be transferred to subaccount 68-4-1 by accounting entry:

Debit 68-4-2 “Calculation of income tax”, Credit 68-4-1 “Calculation with the budget for income tax”.

Account 68-4-2 “Calculation of income tax” will be closed and will have a zero balance at the beginning of next year.

Conditional income/income tax expense is a value subject to change during the year. There are two options for reflecting the new value of conditional income/expense:

reverse the conditional income/expense for the previous reporting period and accrue the indicator corresponding to the current reporting period;

adjust the conditional income/expense accrued in the previous reporting period with a reversal or additional entry to the value of the current reporting period.

Example 1 . A small enterprise prepares reports using PBU 18/02. Income and expenses in tax accounting are determined by the cash method. The use of the cash method is associated with the occurrence of temporary differences. Based on the results of the first quarter, the organization has a taxable profit of 5,653.38 rubles, in accounting the financial result is a profit of 22,811.19 rubles. (numbers are conditional). The difference in financial results for tax and accounting purposes in the first quarter of 2003 is due to the following.

1. Revenue in the amount of 15,500 rubles. not paid by the buyer. The IT arising in connection with this is reflected:

Debit 68-4-2, Credit 77 - RUB 3,720.00. (15,500 x 24%).

1. Due to the use of various methods of calculating depreciation for fixed assets in the first quarter of 2003, a deductible temporary difference and the IT reflected on it arose, which will be reflected in the accounting accounts:

Debit 68-4-2, Credit 77 - 436.57 rubles.

The change in IT for the first quarter will be:

3720.00 + 436.57 = 4156.57 rubles.

1. An advance in the amount of 193.50 rubles was received, the resulting IT is reflected in the accounting records:

Debit 09, Credit 68-4-2 - 38.70 rubles. (161.25 x 24%).

1. The organization for 2002 had a loss in the amount of 20,000 rubles, for which in 2002 it was formed in the amount of 10,000 x 24% = 2,400 rubles, and at the beginning of 2003 in account 09 “Deferred tax assets” There is an opening balance of RUB 2,400. A loss allows you to reduce the tax base by 30%:

5653.38 x 30% = 1696.01 rub.

Thus, you can write off SHE in the amount of 407.04 rubles. (1696.01 x 24%) and write:

Debit 68-4-2, Credit 09 - 407.04 rubles.

The change in IT for the first quarter will be:

38.70 - 407.04 = (-368.34) rub.

1. Conditional income accrued for the first quarter:

Debit 99, Credit 68-4-2 - 5474.69 rubles. (22,811.19 x 24%).

The current income tax calculated using the above formula will be:

5474.69 - 368.34 - 4156.57 = 949.77 rubles.

Thus, by adjusting the conditional expense for changes in IT and IT, we obtain the current income tax, which in the tax return will be calculated based on the taxable amount of profit reduced by part of the loss for 2002, within 30% of the profit received in the first quarter of 2003 G.:

5653.38 - 5653.38 x 30% = 3957.37 rubles.

3957.37 x 24% = 949.77 rub.

The obtained indicators are reflected in Form No. 2.

Settlement of loss carried forward

In the previous example, we saw what happens to OTA accrued on the amount of tax loss that the organization decides to carry forward. If an organization in NU makes a profit, then it has the right to repay the loss carried forward to the future in the amount of this profit. Repayment can be made in installments over different periods or in full. In this case, ONA is written off for the following loss: Dt 68 Kt 09.

NOTE! The tax loss is carried forward to the future in accordance with the provisions of Art. 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and taking into account restrictions.

Fragment of Form No. 2 “Profit and Loss Statement”

A loss for previous tax periods (clause 1 of Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) allows an organization, subject to making a profit, to reduce taxable profit by no more than 30%. Thus, the definition of the profit “tax” accrued on a loss as conditional income becomes clear. The conditional income will become real for the organization, in the form of savings on income tax, provided that the organization receives a profit over the next 10 years and it will be enough to cover the entire loss.

Example 2 . For 2003, in the organization’s accounting, the loss amounted to 70,000 rubles, in tax accounting - 60,000 rubles. The difference arose due to the non-recognition of part of the expenses for travel expenses. As a result, a permanent taxable difference was created in the amount of RUB 10,000.

The following financial results were obtained in tax accounting:

N. Strykanova

Senior Lecturer

MIPC at MSTU. N.E. Bauman

There is a balance in account 09, but the program does not reduce it, it is assigned to account 77. How to fix it? Rinochka* 03/28/2013, 03:40 pm This is what we were able to find on this issue. You need to create 97 accounts in NU and VR. Let’s say there is a loss of 1 million in 2010. On account 09, accordingly, there is a balance of 200,000. When entering balances as of December 31, 2010, you need to enter the balance on account 97.21 in the NU column of 1 million, in the BP column minus 1 million. Also enter the amount of 1 million in the directory of deferred expenses, the recognition method is in a special order, the write-off period is 10 years, the corresponding account is 99.01.1 the balance of other income and expenses. In the postings, check that the department is registered. Maria200688 03/28/2013, 6:54 pm My profit declaration did not go with form 1 and 2 for the amount on account 09, is this correct? So far I have only made the posting D09 ub passed. years and k09 ub current lane.

Results

If a loss has occurred in accounting or tax accounting, you must remember that in this case you cannot do without the use of PBU 18/02. This provision regulates the accounting of permanent and temporary differences that lead to different financial results in accounting and accounting records. In addition, PBU 18/02 establishes that a carry-forward loss received in NU is also a temporary difference.

Sources:

• Chart of accounts, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n
• PBU 18/02, approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n
• tax code

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