Account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” in accounting

Natalia, hello!

That's right - accounts 09 and 77 have their own analytics in 1C.

How you can and should check yourself after each Month Closing in the part of PBU 18/02: Reports – SALT – Show settings – select only BP on the Indicators tab. This is the base for the balance on account 09 and account 77. That is, base x 20% = the result on account 09 and account 77 in the context of specific analytics for the subconto Types of assets and liabilities.

Which accounts form the basis for the corresponding analytics on accounts 09 and 77: Non-current assets - 08 Finished products - 43 Accounts receivable - 62, 76 Income investments in tangible assets - 03 - 02.02 Deferred income - 98 Distribution costs - 44 Indirect production costs - 26 , 25 Accounts payable – 60, 76 Exchange differences for settlements in foreign currency – 60, 62, 76 Exchange differences for settlements in monetary units – 60, 62, 76 Materials – 10 Work in progress – 20, 23, 28, 29 Intangible assets – 04 – 05 Equipment – ​​07 Fixed assets – 01 – 02 Estimated liabilities and reserves – 96 Semi-finished products – 21 Deferred expenses – 97 Provisions for doubtful debts – 63 Goods – 41 Goods shipped – 45 Loss of the current period – 99.01 Financial investments – 58, etc. d.

If for some reason the cost of inventory in accounting and accounting system is different and you entered balances in 1C, then you should have entered different amounts in accounting and accounting system for account 10 and a temporary difference (20%) in account 09 (77) from analytics Materials.

Account 77 of accounting is a passive account “Deferred tax liabilities”, collects information on the presence and movement of deferred tax liabilities. Using standard postings and practical examples, we will consider the specifics of using account 77 in accounting.

How deferred tax liabilities arise

Deferred tax liabilities arise when permanent or temporary differences arise as a result of different procedures for recognizing income and expenses (profit/loss) in accounting and tax accounting.

Deferred tax liabilities are accounted for in an amount equal to the product of taxable temporary differences and the income tax rate at the reporting date.

Taxable temporary differences in the formation of taxable profit/loss form deferred income tax, which should increase the amount of income tax in subsequent reporting periods when paid to the budget.

Let's look at an example of how deferred tax liabilities are formed.

Let's say from January 2021. JSC "Zern" commissioned new equipment. Its cost was 240,000 rubles, its useful life was four years.

The procedure for recognizing expenses in accounting and tax accounting is as follows:

• Accounting - linear depreciation method, that is, for February = 5,000 rubles, the residual value as of March 1 was 235,000 rubles.
• Tax accounting is a non-linear depreciation method, that is, for February = 10,000 rubles, the residual value as of March 1 was 230,000 rubles.
• Therefore, the taxable temporary difference is RUB 5,000.

Standard Accounting Entries

To accept the transferred tax debt for accounting purposes, it is necessary to derive a derivative of taxable temporary differences occurring during the reporting period and the current income tax rate.

The company's credit position, debiting account 68, shows the deferred amount of fiscal obligations, which reduces the amount of conditional expenses or income in the reporting period.

In the debit part of crediting 68 positions of the organization show a reduction or full repayment of deferred fiscal liabilities against the accrued income tax in the reporting period.

Postings to account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”

Correspondence 77 accounts and entries for accounting for deferred tax liabilities are shown in the table below:

Examples of transactions and postings on account 77

Let's look at an example:

1. In the second quarter of 2021, Polor LLC (cash method) shipped goods to Vex LLC in the amount of 370,000 rubles, excluding VAT, and received payment - 210,000 rubles, excluding VAT.
2. In the third quarter of 2021, the buyer fully repaid its debt to Polor LLC.
3. In July of the same year, Polor LLC sold the machine, the accrued depreciation on which amounted to 46,000 rubles in accounting, and 52,000 rubles in tax accounting.

Let's do the calculation:

• income in the accounting records of Polor LLC will be recognized in the amount of 370,000 rubles, and in the tax accounting - in the amount of 210,000 rubles;
• taxable temporary difference – RUB 160,000.

The deferred tax liability for account 77 is reflected in the following entries:

Calculation of deferred tax liability and recording in accounting

Organizations reflect received information in accounting depending on the circumstances.

Example. The Polyus institution sold goods to Vesna LLC for the amount of 170,000 rubles (excluding VAT). Payment from the buyer was received only in the amount of 100,000 rubles. Polyus LLC uses the cash method when determining taxes. The remaining part of the debt was transferred the following year. At the end of the reporting period, the following transactions appear in Polyus LLC:

Dt 62 - Kt 90 - 170,000 rubles - revenue in accounting for shipped goods;

Dt 51 - Kt 62 - 100,000 rubles - payment from Vesna LLC;

Dt 68 - Kt 77 - 14,000 rubles (debt 70,000 * tax rate 20%) - IT is reflected.

When compiling accounts. reporting, the amount of 14,000 rubles will be reflected in the balance sheet as a deferred income tax liability.

In the subsequent period after closing the receivables of Vesna LLC, the following entries will appear:

Dt 51 - Kt 62 - 70,000 rubles - final payment received from the buyer;

Dt 77 - Kt 68 - 14,000 rubles - repayment of IT.

Account 77 » Deferred tax liabilities Postings and Examples

Chart of Accounts Income Tax calculation Income Tax News Tax News

Main items Postings to Fixed Assets Leasing Accounting Account 09 Account 99

Account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”

Posting Calculation and Examples

Account 09 "Deferred tax asset"

Account 77 of accounting, “Deferred tax liabilities,” collects information on the presence and movement of deferred tax liabilities that arise when calculating income taxes.

Deferred tax liabilities arise when permanent or temporary differences arise as a result of differences in the recognition of income and expenses in accounting and tax accounting.

Deferred tax liabilities (DTL) are accounted for in an amount equal to the product of taxable temporary differences and the income tax rate as of the reporting date:

IT = NVR x 20%

Taxable temporary differences (TDT) when forming profit/loss form deferred income tax, which should increase the amount of income tax in the next period.

Postings:

IT (account 77) corresponds with two accounting accounts - 68 and 99. The received entries reflect the following results:

Dt 68 - Kt 77 - deferred tax, which reduces the amount of income or expense.

Dt 77 - Kt 68 - repayment of deferred tax, formed when income tax is calculated at the end of the reporting period.

Dt 77 - Kt 99 - IT is canceled upon disposal of the asset or circumstance that forms it.

Examples of transactions and postings on account 77

Example 1.

1. In the second quarter of 2021, Supplier LLC (operating on a cash basis) shipped goods to Buyer LLC in the amount of RUB 370,000. without VAT and received payment - 210,000 rubles. without VAT.
2. In the third quarter of 2021, the buyer fully repaid its debt to Supplier LLC.

Calculation:

• income in the accounting records of Supplier LLC will be recognized in the amount of 370,000 rubles, and in the tax accounting - in the amount of 210,000 rubles;
• taxable temporary difference = RUB 160,000.

IT on account 77 is reflected by the following entries:

What is IT

If expenses in accounting appear later and in greater quantities than in tax accounting, while at the same time income is determined at an earlier date, then conditions arise in the organization for the appearance of IT.

What affects the discrepancy between the calculation of income and expenses in tax and accounting:

— the company’s use of the cash method when accruing tax accounting, that is, receipt of revenue upon shipment of goods before receipt of actual payment;

— differences in calculating depreciation of fixed assets.

The resulting taxable temporary differences (TDT) lead to an increase in tax in the next period.

Example 2.

Supplier LLC sold goods to Buyer LLC for the amount of 170,000 rubles (excluding VAT).

Payment from the buyer was received in the amount of 100,000 rubles.

Supplier LLC uses the cash method when determining tax. The remaining part of the debt was transferred the following year.

At the end of the reporting period, the accountant of Supplier LLC makes the following entries:

Dt 62 - Kt 90 - 170,000 rubles - revenue in accounting for shipped goods;

Dt 51 - Kt 62 - 100,000 rubles - payment from Buyer LLC;

Dt 68 - Kt 77 - 14,000 rubles (debt 70,000 x income tax rate of 20%) - IT is reflected.

When reporting, the amount of 14,000 rubles is reflected in the balance sheet as a deferred income tax liability (IT).

In the subsequent period after closing the debt, the accountant will make the following entries:

Dt 51 - Kt 62 - 70,000 rubles - final payment received from the buyer;

Dt 77 - Kt 68 - 14,000 rubles - IT was repaid.

Fixed Assets

Accrual of depreciation of fixed assets leading to the formation of capital assets

Sometimes there is a discrepancy between actual and planned profits at the moment. The income tax accrued on the income actually received does not coincide with the amount indicated in the tax reporting due to the time difference between the period of accrual and the period of actual payment. The transaction data for account 77 is reflected.

Account 77: its correspondence

IT, formed on account 77, corresponds with two accounting accounts - 68 and 99. The received entries reflect the following results:

Dt 68 - Kt 77 - deferred tax, which reduces the amount of income or expense.

Dt 77 - Kt 68 - repayment of deferred tax, formed when income tax is calculated at the end of the reporting period.

Dt 77 - Kt 99 - IT is canceled subject to the disposal of the asset or the circumstance that previously formed it.

Accounting itself in account 77 should be kept separately for each type of asset or liability that affects the appearance of deferred tax.

Features of account 77

Account 77 is used by income tax payers. It accumulates amounts that must be paid in subsequent tax periods. The term “deferred tax liability” refers to accrued but unpaid income tax, which will actually be transferred after filing reports for a certain period. The deferred tax amount is calculated as temporary accounting differences multiplied by the current tax rate. The amount of accruals must correspond to the data indicated in the tax reporting.

Accounting account 77 is a passive account. The credit of the account takes into account the amount of deferred income tax liabilities, and the debit takes into account the decrease in the amount due to tax payments.

The right not to use this account arises for organizations exempt from paying income tax: organizations using the simplified tax system, UTII, firms related to Skolkovo. It is better to secure this right by an internal local act of the organization.

Essence and meaning of 77 accounts

Position 77 is used by companies when it is necessary to reflect transactions on reserved tax liabilities. On this account, organizations show the amounts, so to speak, of transferred income tax, which contribute to the growth of the volume of fiscal obligations required to be paid to the budget during the period following the reporting period.

It should be noted that not all business entities use this account. It is required to apply, first of all, those who are registered as medium-sized businesses. In addition to those, position 77 is also used in accounting by companies that have chosen a simplified fiscal regime.

Account 77 – accounting entries

Account 77 reflects the movement of the amount of accrued income tax in correspondence with account 68. Subaccount 01 “Calculations for income tax” is opened to account 68. The tax amount is calculated in the current period and is included in expenses for the current period of time. It is carried out from the debit of account 68.01 to the credit of account 77. The documents on the basis of which data is entered into the account will be:

• tax return,
• accounting certificate-calculation.

On the debit of account 77, the amounts due for repayment of income tax in the current reporting period are posted. The amounts are posted to the credit of account 68.01. The debit is made on the basis of a payment order or bank statement.

In the case of writing off an asset on which tax has been charged, the posting will be made from the debit of account 77 to the credit of account 99. In this case, a sub-account “Write-off of deferred tax liability” is also opened to account 99.

Accounting account 77

We talked about temporary differences in accounting and tax accounting in our consultation and noted that such differences can be deductible (DVR) and taxable (TVR). IRR lead to the formation of a deferred tax asset (DTA), accounted for on account 09, and NVR lead to the formation of a deferred tax liability (DTL) (clauses 11, 12 of PBU 18/02). To summarize information about the availability and movement of IT, the Chart of Accounts and Instructions for its application are intended to account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n).

Accounting on account 77

Accounting account 77 is a passive synthetic account. The credit of account 77 reflects deferred tax, which reduces the amount of conditional expense (income) of the reporting period (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n):

Debit account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” - Credit account 77

The value of IT reflected in this posting is determined by the formula:

IT = NVR * S,

where C is the profit tax rate in force in the reporting period.

In general, IT is 20% of the NVR (clause 2 of Article 284 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

If the occurrence of IT is reflected on the credit of account 77, then the debit of this account takes into account the decrease or full repayment of IT towards the accrual of income tax for the reporting period:

Debit account 77 – Credit account 68

If the object for which IT was accrued is disposed of, the deferred tax liability is written off (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n):

Debit account 77 – Credit account 99 “Profits and losses”

Analytical accounting on account 77 is carried out according to the types of assets or liabilities in the assessment of which the non-renewable income arose.

In the balance sheet, the balance of IT is reflected in liabilities as part of long-term liabilities on line 1420 “Deferred tax liabilities” (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n).

Account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities”: example

Taxable temporary differences that lead to the formation of NNO, in particular, may arise as a result (clause 12 of PBU 18/02):

• application of different methods of calculating depreciation for accounting and tax purposes;
• recognition of revenue from the sale of products (goods, works, services) in the form of income from ordinary activities of the reporting period, as well as recognition of interest income for accounting purposes at the time of accrual, and for tax purposes - on a cash basis;
• application of various rules for reflecting interest paid by an organization on loans and borrowings for accounting and tax purposes;
• other similar differences.

The simplest case of the occurrence of IT is a difference in the methods of calculating depreciation, as a result of which the amounts of depreciation expenses in accounting and tax accounting do not coincide.

For example, for the first year of depreciation of a fixed asset, depreciation amounted to:

• in accounting – 250,000 rubles;
• in tax accounting – 320,000 rubles.

All other things being equal, this difference leads to the fact that the accounting profit for this year will be more than the tax profit by 70,000 rubles (320,000 rubles - 250,000 rubles). Therefore, IT arises: Debit account 68 – Credit account 77 in the amount of 14,000 (70,000 x 20%).

As accounting depreciation begins to exceed tax depreciation, IT will be repaid: Debit account 77 – Credit account 68.

Account 77 – deferred tax liabilities, example

In the first quarter, the company sold a batch of building materials worth 420,000 rubles. According to the agreement, payment was made in two parts: the buyer paid 200,000 rubles immediately, and paid another 220,000 rubles in the second quarter. Used equipment was also sold, for which depreciation was charged in accounting records of 45,000 rubles, and for tax purposes 53,000 rubles. The amount of tax deferred for payment was 8,000 rubles.

Based on the terms of the agreement, the total amount will be 420,000 rubles, but the actual taxable base at the moment will be equal to 200,000 rubles - the amount paid by the buyer.

In the posting table it will look like this

Let's summarize: accounting account 77 is an account that reflects the amounts of taxes planned for payment in the future, but taken into account when calculating the tax base for income tax.

What is deferred tax liability?

If expenses in accounting appear later and in greater quantities than in tax accounting, while at the same time income is determined at an earlier date, then conditions arise in the organization for the appearance of IT.

Factors influencing the discrepancy between the calculation of income and expenses in tax and accounting:

• use of legal a person using the cash method when accruing tax accounting, that is, receiving revenue upon shipment of goods before receipt of actual payment;
• differences in calculating depreciation of property.

The resulting taxable temporary differences lead to future tax increases.

The following formula applies to the deferred tax liability: taxable temporary difference * current income tax rate.

Systematization of accounting

07/24/2018 | no comments

Account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” is used in the accounting of companies that calculate taxes in accordance with PBU 18/02 to display information about emerging deferred tax liabilities.

Account 77 in accounting is a highly specialized account, designed exclusively to concentrate information about all emerging debts to the budget in terms of taxation of the company's profits, the payment of which will be carried out in the future. These debts arise due to the occurrence of temporary differences.

Deferred tax liabilities mean that part of the income tax, the payment of which to the budget is transferred to subsequent transfers. That is, these are amounts determined by calculation, which will subsequently lead to an increase in tax, or compensation for previously underpaid debt. This value is determined as the quotient of the product of existing taxable temporary differences that arose or were settled in the reporting period by the income tax rate (20% in 2016-2017).

Temporary inconsistencies may appear in a company’s accounting in the following situations:

1. Various methods have been recorded for calculating depreciation of existing equipment for accounting and tax accounting (for example, linear and non-linear methods).
2. Different times for taking into account the company's revenue received.
3. Inconsistency in the time of acceptance of calculated vacation pay, etc.

The company bought an expensive machine, the price is 1 million rubles, the useful life will be 12 years. The accounting policies record different methods for calculating depreciation; the difference between the calculations was determined to be 150 thousand rubles.

Account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” in accounting

The company's profit before tax is 700 thousand rubles, the taxable base, taking into account the discrepancy in depreciation charges, is 550 thousand rubles.

The base mismatch is temporary, because After 10 years, full depreciation will be carried out in both types of accounting.

The resulting transferred tax liability = 150 thousand rubles. * 20% = 30000.

Account 77 is passive. For the loan, the calculated amount to be transferred to the budget is displayed, which allows you to reduce the amount of the financial result of the reporting period, the obligation to pay is transferred to future payments. The debit of the account includes information about the reduction of transferred debts or their full repayment against the calculated income tax for a given period. Transactions are displayed in correspondence with the account. 68.

When disposal of fixed assets, the transferred tax liability calculated on it is written off from the company's records. The write-off occurs for the amount by which the tax base for profits of both the reporting and subsequent periods will not be changed (carried out in Dt99).

Since the account is highly specialized, a certain number of transactions are carried out on it. Account 77, according to the instructions to the Chart of Accounts, corresponds only with the account. 68 (accounting for taxes and fees) and 99 (profits and losses):

1. Appearance of transferred tax liability in accounting:
2. Movement of previously calculated amounts (for example, an increase in current tax by previously deferred debts):
3. Cancellation of an existing tax liability as a result of equipment write-off:

Victor Stepanov, 2017-07-13

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How account 77 is formed in accounting

You can calculate IT using the formula:

IT = HBP × C,

where: TVR is a temporary difference subject to tax;

C is the current tax rate on profit.

At the end of the billing period, NVRs create deferred amounts for payment. It is worth increasing the tax value on them for further payments.

Let's look at how account 77 is formed in accounting. A credit reflects deferred tax, leading to a decrease in deemed income or expenses in the quarter in which reporting is submitted, and a debit reflects the repayment of obligations by accrual for subsequent payment of tax for the same period. The account for deferred tax liabilities is a passive account.

Analytical accounting for account 77 is carried out by type of assets and liabilities.

Account 77 - Deferred tax liabilities - is involved in the following transactions:

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• Dt 68 Kt 77 - accrual of deferred tax is recorded;
• Dt 77 Kt 68 - full or partial repayment of IT;
• Dt 77 Kt 99 - IT was written off upon disposal of the asset (object) for which the mentioned obligation was accrued.

What are tax differences

In order to take into account the mentioned differences in accounting, account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” is used. To decide how to handle this aspect of accounting, you need to understand what taxable differences are.

They can be:

1. Permanent.
2. Temporary.

Permanent differences will never be used to calculate income taxes, which is why they are called permanent differences. They can occur for a number of reasons:

• expenses on property received free of charge are not recognized for accounting purposes;
• a loss carried forward to future periods can no longer be taken into account due to the expiration of the period.

Temporary taxable differences can be used to calculate income taxes in the current or future periods. The temporary difference arises due to certain differences between accounting and tax accounting:

• depreciation of fixed assets in tax is greater than in accounting due to different methods of calculation;
• the company credited the proceeds from the sale of goods, but did not actually receive any cash;
• The methodology for calculating interest on loans varies in accounting.

Note from the author! Temporary differences must be positive to be reflected in deferred receivables.

Example of using account 77

in June 2021, I purchased and began using new equipment worth 120,000 rubles. The useful life of the equipment is 2 years. The equipment belongs to the 3rd depreciation group. Then for July 2021:

• depreciation for fixed assets in accounting will be 5,000 rubles;
• depreciation in tax accounting (non-linear method) will be 6,720 rubles.

The taxable temporary difference is 1,720 rubles. IT = 1720*income tax rate for the reporting period. Over time, depreciation figures in accounting will begin to exceed depreciation reflected in tax accounting. Consequently, the deferred tax liability will decrease.

The company chooses the method of calculating depreciation (linear or non-linear) independently. You can change the depreciation calculation method no more than once a year.

How are liabilities accounted for?

IT accumulations are formed according to the product formula:

Temporary differences * income tax rate in%.

In other words, liabilities (abbreviated as IT) appear if expenses are accepted later in accounting. Income, on the contrary, is recognized earlier. Therefore, they can be considered debt.

How is IT formed?

For example, an organization calculates depreciation in accounting using a linear method, but in tax accounting using a non-linear method. Let’s say a company bought a fixed asset “High-voltage line” worth 200,000 rubles. Since it costs more than 100,000, it is legally subject to depreciation in tax accounting, according to Art. 256 Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

According to the OKOF directory, according to which organizations are required to determine depreciation periods, high-voltage lines are classified as the 10th depreciation group, which means that the useful life is set at 361 months (30 years * 12). Since accounting uses the straight-line method, depreciation is calculated as follows:

200,000 / 361 months = 554.02.

This means that 554.02 rubles of depreciation charges will be written off monthly from the cost of the object. In turn, the 10th group assumes a monthly depreciation rate of 0.7% under Article 259.2 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation:

200 000 * 0,7% = 1 400.

This means that every month depreciation deductions in the amount of 1,400 rubles are written off in tax accounting.

Thus, you can find the temporary taxable difference:

1,400 - 554.02 = 845.98 rubles.

The difference amounts will be credited to the 77th ONO account as follows:

845.98 * 20% = 169.20 rubles,

where 20% is the total income tax rate, taking into account the federal and regional shares. In this case, the following wiring should occur:

Debit 68.4 “Calculations for income tax” Credit 77 - 169.20 rubles.

Note from the author! The income tax rate and distribution by shares are regulated by law depending on the type of activity and the region of residence of the organization.

Change in deferred liabilities

According to the Chart of Accounts, adopted by law, movements in account 77 are strictly prescribed within certain limits. Operations on it can be performed to increase or decrease the indicator.

When IT is completely repaid or reduced, the following posting is made:

Debit 77 “Deferred liabilities” Credit 68.4 “Calculations for income tax.”

When the value of debts increases in addition to income tax, the following entry is made:

Credit 77 “ONO” Debit 68.4 “Calculations for income tax.”

If IT is removed from the balance sheet of the enterprise, then the posting will be as follows:

Debit 77 “Deferred liabilities” Credit 99 “Profits and losses”.

In this case, it is necessary to write off not only the amount of debt, but also the temporary difference.

For example, an organization sold a gas boiler. At the time of sale, the amount of accrued depreciation was:

• 400,000 rubles in tax accounting;
• 350,000 rubles in accounting.

Savings on ONO in the 77th account:

• 400,000 - 350,000 = 50,000 rubles;
• 50,000 * 20% = 3,000 rubles.

This means that the following must be written off from the balance sheet:

• Debit 77 Credit 99 “Profits and losses” - 3,000 for the amount of the deferred liability.

What to do with balances on accounts 09 and 77 when combining modes

Tax changes: what to keep in mind? How to competently get rid of temporary assets and liabilities? What to do with balances on accounts 09 and 77 when combining modes?

Question: An organization applying OSN and using PBU 18/02 from 01/01/2021.

switched to UTII in terms of retail sales to the population. OSN is used for the sale of medicines to medical institutions. What to do with the balances on accounts 09 and 77, if in 2021, with a combination of regimes, ONO and ONA will be, but as a percentage, in proportion to income.

For example, account 77 takes into account the depreciation of equipment that is used for OSN and UTII.

Answer:

According to the rule established in paragraph 7 of Article 346.26 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, when combining the payment of UTII with the general regime, taxpayers are required to keep separate records of property, liabilities and business transactions in accordance with the accounting policies of the organization.

Therefore, if an organization simultaneously conducts activities subject to the general taxation regime and activities subject to UTII, the calculations of deferred tax assets and liabilities become more complicated. To determine the final financial result, as a rule, separate sub-accounts are opened.

At the time of transition to UTII, the organization, as a rule, remains unwritten off deductible temporary differences (DTD) and taxable temporary differences (TDT), as well as the amounts of deferred tax asset (DTA) and deferred tax liability (DTL), listed respectively in accounts 09 and 77.

The balances of accounts 09 and 77 should be attributed to account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss).”

Debit 84 Credit 09 (deferred tax asset written off).

Debit 77 Credit 84 (the balance of deferred tax liabilities is written off).

In the annual balance sheet for the previous year, the amounts of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities will not change. And the opening balance sheet will change for the next year. In addition, the “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” indicator will also change in the opening balance sheet.

Rationale

Tax changes: what you need to remember

As of December 31, 2008, in the accounting records of the enterprise, the balance on the debit of account 09 “Deferred tax assets” is 100,000 rubles, and the balance on the credit of account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” is 200,000 rubles.

Because income tax rates have changed, the balances in these accounts must be reduced on January 1, 2009. The differences must be attributed to account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” (clauses 14 and 15 of PBU 18/02).

The recalculation should be reflected in the following entries:

Debit 84 Credit 09*

– 16,666.67 rub. (RUB 100,000 – (RUB 100,000 x 20%: 24%)) – reflects the recalculation of deferred tax assets;

Debit 77 Credit 84

– 33,333.33 rub. (RUB 200,000 – (RUB 200,000 x 20%: 24%)) – reflects the recalculation of deferred tax liabilities.

In the balance sheet (form No. 1) for the first quarter of 2009 and in the following reporting periods, the opening balance must be adjusted. On line 145 you must indicate the amount of 83,333 rubles. (100,000 – 16,666.67). On line 515 you must indicate the amount of 166,667 rubles. (200,000 – 33,333.33).

On line 470 it is necessary to indicate the amount of retained earnings increased by 16,667 rubles. (33,333.33 – 16,666.67).

How to competently get rid of temporary assets and liabilities

The accountant of a small enterprise applied PBU 18/02. And at some point, I legally decided to refuse this responsibility. How to correctly write off temporary tax assets and liabilities? This was the question asked by visitors to the forum on the website of the Glavbukh magazine.

Accountant question

Since the beginning of 2008, the organization has applied PBU 18/02 “Accounting for calculations of corporate income tax.” They did this voluntarily, since the company is a small enterprise. Now the accountant has decided to abandon accounting for differences. How to close accounts now? Can small businesses really forget about PBU 18/02?

What was recommended on the forum

Forum participants advised writing off the differences to account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss).” That is, make the same transactions that companies made due to the reduction in the profit tax rate from 24 to 20 percent this year. These accounting entries must be made at the beginning of the year.

Editorial advice

Indeed, small enterprises may not apply PBU 18/02. This is directly stated in paragraph 2 of this PBU. But they can apply it; this is a voluntary matter of the company itself. In this case, information about deferred tax assets and liabilities is reflected in special accounts 09 and 77.

If a small company first applied this PBU and then abandoned it, the balances on accounts 09 and 77 should be attributed to account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss).” That is, the advice of the forum participants is absolutely correct. The accounting entries themselves will look like this:*

Debit 84 Credit 09
–
deferred tax assets are written off;

Debit 77 Credit 84
–
the balance of deferred tax liabilities is written off.

At what point should such records be made? There is a nuance here. In your case, you can ignore the norms of PBU 18/02 only from the beginning of the year.

The fact is that the refusal to take into account permanent and temporary tax assets and liabilities must be enshrined in the accounting policy for accounting purposes. This follows from paragraph 9 of PBU 1/2008 “Accounting policies of the organization.” And changes made to the accounting policy come into force only from the beginning of the year.

True, PBU 1/2008, in principle, allows changes to be taken into account already in the current year. But only, for example, in the event of a change of activity or reorganization. That is, with a significant change in business conditions.

In this case, nothing changes. After all, the accountant voluntarily applied PBU 18/02, and now he simply decided to abandon it. Therefore, the entries we have given must be made in the so-called inter-reporting period.

In other words, in the annual balance sheet for last year, the amounts of deferred tax assets (line 145) and deferred tax liabilities (line 515) will not change. And the opening balance sheet will change for the next year. In addition, in the opening balance of the balance sheet, the indicator of line 470 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” will also change.

Smena LLC, being a small enterprise, voluntarily applied PBU 18/02 in 2008. From January 1, 2009, the company's management decided to abandon the use of this PBU.

As of the beginning of the year, the accumulated amount of deferred tax assets in the accounting of Smena LLC amounted to 312,000 rubles. (line 145 of the balance sheet), and the amount of deferred tax liabilities is 432,000 rubles. (line 515 of the balance sheet).

The indicator of retained earnings (line 470 of the balance sheet) is 1,213,500 rubles. It is these figures that should be reflected in the company’s balance sheet for 2008.

Since January 1, 2009, the company no longer applies PBU 18/02; a record of this was made in the order on the organization’s accounting policy. Therefore, deferred assets and liabilities must be written off the balance sheet.

Thus, the opening balance at the beginning of the balance sheet year for the first quarter of 2009 on lines 145 and 515 will be zero. And the figure on line 470 of the balance sheet will be 1,333,500 rubles. (1,213,500 – 312,000 + 432,000).

It’s another matter if the company switched from the general regime to paying UTII during the year. After all, “imputers” do not pay income tax and, accordingly, they do not need to apply PBU 18/02. In this case, the company has the right not to apply PBU 18/02 from the month in which it began to meet the “imputation” criteria.

Confirmation of this point of view can be found in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 22, 2003 No. 04-05-12/02. Paragraph 12 of this document states: “imputed” tax must be paid from the month in which the activity falling under UTII began.

This means that there is no need to charge income tax for this month.

JSC "Market" trades retail. The enterprise is not small, therefore it applied PBU 18/02.

In May 2009, part of the sales area was sold, and the store area became less than 150 square meters. m. For this type of activity, UTII has been introduced in the region. The company meets all the conditions for the use of this special regime. Therefore, from May 1, I stopped paying income tax.

At the same time, we decided to abandon the use of PBU 18/02. As of May 1, the accounts of Market CJSC included 11,200 rubles in account 09, and 8,800 rubles in account 77. Using entries dated May 1, 2009, the accountant wrote off these amounts from the balance sheet:

Debit 84 Credit 09
–
11,200 rub. – the balance of deferred tax assets is written off;

Debit 77 Credit 84
–
8800 rub.
– the balance of deferred tax liabilities is written off. It is important that the balance sheet indicators are comparable.
To do this, data at the beginning of the year should also be shown without taking into account deferred assets and liabilities. There is no need to make any corrective entries in the January accounting records. Alexander Sorokin answers,

Deputy Head of the Operational Control Department of the Federal Tax Service of Russia

“Cash payment systems should be used only in cases where the seller provides the buyer, including its employees, with a deferment or installment plan for payment for its goods, work, and services.

It is these cases, according to the Federal Tax Service, that relate to the provision and repayment of a loan to pay for goods, work, and services.

If an organization issues a cash loan, receives a repayment of such a loan, or itself receives and repays a loan, do not use the cash register. When exactly you need to punch a check, look at the recommendations.”

From the recommendation: Is it necessary to use cash register when issuing, receiving and repaying a loan?

Source: https://www.glavbukh.ru/hl/252175-kak-postupit-s-ostatkami-po-schetam-09-i-77-pri-sovmeshchenii-rejimov

Typical situations

In this case, the credit balance of account 77 is displayed in expanded form in line 1420 and the debit balance from account 09 “Deferred tax assets” in the balance sheet asset on line 1180 of the “Non-current assets” section.

The collapsed view assumes a decrease in the credit balance of the 77th account by the debit of the 09th account.

Note from the author! If the income tax rate changes, the deferred liabilities must be recalculated in accordance with the change. The change in value is reflected in the balance sheet in the year following the reporting year. This circumstance is stipulated by PBU 18/02.

The content of the 1420 balance line is one of the most difficult aspects to understand and requires a good understanding of the differences. Incorrectly reflected amounts are fraught with arrears, fines and, accordingly, a full measure of liability.

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In this case, the following entries are made in accounting:

- when writing off IT - by the debit of account 99 in correspondence with the credit of account 09 “Deferred tax assets”;

- when writing off IT - by debiting account 77 “Deferred tax liabilities” in correspondence with the credit of account 99.

Written off SHE and IT affect the amount of net profit (loss) for accounting purposes.

Let us give a formula for calculating net profit (loss), from which this will be clear. —————————————————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————¬ | Net profit (loss) of the reporting period (line 190 of the Profit and Loss Statement) | L————————————————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————— = ————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————¬ | Profit (loss) before tax (line 140 of the Profit and Loss Statement) | L————————————————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————— + ————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————¬ | Deferred tax assets (line 141 of the Profit and | | Loss Statement) = Difference between debit and credit turnover by | | account 09 in correspondence with account 68 for the reporting period | L————————————————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————— — ————————————————————————————————— ————————————————————————————————- | Deferred tax liabilities (line 142 of the Profit and Loss Statement) = Difference between credit and debit turnover by | | account 77 in correspondence with account 68 for the reporting period | L————————————————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————— — ————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————¬ | Current income tax (line 150 of the Profit and | | Loss Statement) = Line 180 of sheet 02 of the Income Tax Declaration | | organizations for the reporting period | L————————————————————————————————————————————————— ———————————————— — ————————————————————————————————— —————————————————————————————————¬ | Deferred taxes written off during the reporting period | | assets upon disposal of objects for which these deferred| | tax assets (shown on the free line of the Statement of | | profit and loss after the current income tax + —————————————————————————————— ———————————————————————————————————¬ | Deferred tax liabilities written off during the reporting period | | liabilities upon disposal of assets , for which these | | deferred tax liabilities arose (shown on the free | | line of the Profit and Loss Statement after the current tax on | | profit +/- —————————————————— ———————————————————————————————————————————————¬ | Recalculation for income tax (for example, errors of previous years | | when calculating income tax) and payments from profit | | (for example, tax sanctions) (shown on free lines | | of the profit and loss statement after the current tax on | | profit)

Please note the fact that

> the amount reflected on account 99 as a result of writing off ONA or ONO upon disposal of the object

according to which they are calculated,

does not participate in the formation of accounting profit (loss) before tax

, from which the conditional income tax expense (income) is calculated.

The current income tax for the reporting period, reflected on line 150 of the Profit and Loss Statement, is the income tax calculated according to tax accounting data and shown on line 180 of sheet 02 of the Organizational Income Tax Declaration for the reporting period. If permanent tax assets and liabilities, as well as deferred taxes are correctly accounted for in accounting, then current income tax can also be calculated using the following formula