PBU 4/99

Enterprises with the status of a legal entity, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, are required to maintain reports. One of the main regulations governing this procedure is PBU 4/99. What are its main points? What should be the structure of reporting documents in accordance with the standards set forth in this regulatory act?

What is the normative act PBU 4/99?

The considered source of law was put into circulation by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 43n, which was issued on July 6, 1999. This normative act is classified as a Regulation. Its full name is the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Statements of an Organization” (PBU 4/99).

Why do you need an appropriate source of law? This regulatory act determines the structure, as well as the methodological basis for maintaining financial statements by enterprises.

The jurisdiction of the considered source of law applies to all legal entities, except banks, as well as state and municipal structures. Also, PBU 4/99 may not apply if financial statements are prepared by an enterprise for internal needs, in order to provide statistical reporting and accounting documentation by business entities for interested parties in a manner that is not directly regulated by Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 43n.

The document in question should not be used when drawing up:

reporting generated by an economic entity for internal purposes, as well as compiled for statistical institutions;
information prepared by a banking organization in accordance with established requirements, unless otherwise provided by separate rules.

It may be noted that the corresponding source of norms can be used directly by the Ministry of Finance for the purposes of:

definition of standard reporting forms, as well as guidelines for them;
special reporting procedures for small businesses and non-profit organizations;
establishing rules for creating consolidated reporting, as well as documentation when changing the status of an enterprise.

Thus, the standard in question is a universal source with a fairly broad jurisdiction.

The source of law under consideration establishes a number of definitions that it is advisable for enterprises to adhere to when preparing reports.

Financial statements of the organization PBU 4/99

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I. General provisions

1. These Regulations establish the composition, content and methodological basis for the preparation of financial statements of organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation, except for credit organizations and state (municipal) institutions. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 8, 2010 N 142n)

2. The provision does not apply when preparing reports developed by an organization for internal purposes, reports compiled for state statistical observation, reporting information submitted to a credit organization in accordance with its requirements, and compilation of reporting information for other special purposes, if the rules for the preparation of such reports and information does not provide for the use of this Regulation.

3. These Regulations are applied by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation when establishing:

standard forms of financial statements and instructions on the procedure for preparing statements;
simplified procedure for preparing financial statements for small businesses and non-profit organizations;
features of the formation of consolidated financial statements;
features of the formation of financial statements in cases of reorganization or liquidation of an organization;
features of the formation of financial statements by insurance organizations, non-state pension funds, professional participants in the securities market and other organizations in the field of financial intermediation;
procedure for publishing financial statements.

II. Definitions

4. For the purposes of these Regulations, the concepts below mean the following:

accounting reporting is a unified system of data on the property and financial position of an organization and the results of its economic activities, compiled on the basis of accounting data in established forms; reporting period - the period for which the organization must prepare financial statements; reporting date the date as of which the organization must prepare financial statements; user is a legal or natural person interested in information about an organization.

III. Composition of financial statements and general requirements for them

5. Accounting statements consist of a balance sheet, a profit and loss statement, appendices thereto and an explanatory note (hereinafter, the appendices to the balance sheet and profit and loss report and the explanatory note are referred to as explanatory notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss report), and also an auditor’s report confirming the reliability of the organization’s financial statements, if they are subject to mandatory audit in accordance with federal laws.

6. Accounting statements must provide a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. Financial statements prepared on the basis of the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting are considered reliable and complete.

If, when preparing financial statements based on the rules of these Regulations, an organization reveals that there is insufficient data to form a complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization includes relevant additional indicators and explanations in the financial statements.

If, when preparing financial statements, the application of the rules of these Regulations does not allow one to form a reliable and complete picture of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position, then the organization in exceptional cases (for example, nationalization of property) may deviate from these rules.

7. When preparing financial statements, the organization must ensure the neutrality of the information contained in it, i.e. unilateral satisfaction of the interests of some groups of users of financial statements over others is excluded.

Information is not neutral if, through selection or presentation, it influences the decisions and evaluations of users to achieve predetermined results or consequences.

8. The organization’s financial statements must include performance indicators for all branches, representative offices and other divisions (including those allocated to separate balance sheets).

9. When drawing up the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and explanations thereto, the organization must adhere to its accepted content and form consistently from one reporting period to another.

Changes to the accepted content and form of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and explanations thereto are permitted in exceptional cases, for example, when the type of activity changes. The organization must provide confirmation of the validity of each such change. A significant change must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement together with the reasons for the change.

10. For each numerical indicator of the financial statements, except for the report prepared for the first reporting period, data must be provided for at least two years - the reporting year and the one preceding the reporting one.

If the data for the period preceding the reporting period are not comparable with the data for the reporting period, then the first of these data are subject to adjustment based on the rules established by regulatory acts on accounting. Each material adjustment must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and income statement along with the reasons for the adjustment.

11. Items of the balance sheet, profit and loss statement and other separate forms of financial statements that, in accordance with accounting provisions, are subject to disclosure and for which there are no numerical values of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and other indicators, are crossed out (in standard forms ) or are not provided (in forms developed independently and in the explanatory note).

Indicators about individual assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions should be presented separately in the financial statements if they are significant and if without knowledge of them by interested users it is impossible to assess the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

Indicators about certain types of assets, liabilities, income, expenses and business transactions may be presented in the balance sheet or profit and loss statement in a total amount with disclosure in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, if each of these indicators individually is not significant for assessments by interested users of the financial position of the organization or the financial results of its activities.

12. For the preparation of financial statements, the reporting date is considered to be the last calendar day of the reporting period.

13. When preparing financial statements for the reporting year, the reporting year is the calendar year from January 1 to December 31 inclusive.

The first reporting year for newly created organizations is considered to be the period from the date of their state registration to December 31 of the corresponding year, and for organizations created after October 1 - to December 31 of the following year.

14. Each component part of the financial statements provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations must contain the following data: name of the component part; indication of the reporting date or reporting period for which the financial statements were prepared; name of the organization indicating its organizational and legal form; format for presenting numerical indicators of financial statements.

15. Accounting statements must be prepared in Russian.

16. Accounting statements must be prepared in the currency of the Russian Federation.

17. Accounting statements are signed by the head and chief accountant (accountant) of the organization.

In organizations where accounting is carried out on a contractual basis by a specialized organization (centralized accounting department) or a specialist accountant, the financial statements are signed by the head of the organization and the head of the specialized organization (centralized accounting department) or by a specialist conducting accounting.

IV. Contents of the balance sheet

18. The balance sheet must characterize the financial position of the organization as of the reporting date.

19. In the balance sheet, assets and liabilities should be presented with a division depending on the maturity period (maturity) into short-term and long-term. Assets and liabilities are presented as short-term if their maturity (maturity) period is no more than 12 months after the reporting date or the duration of the operating cycle, if it exceeds 12 months. All other assets and liabilities are presented as non-current.

20. The balance sheet must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

V. Contents of the income statement

21. The profit and loss statement must characterize the financial results of the organization for the reporting period.

22. In the income statement, income and expenses must be shown with a division into ordinary and other. (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 115n)

23. The profit and loss statement must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

VI. Contents of the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss account

24. The notes to the balance sheet and income statement should disclose information relevant to the entity's accounting policies and provide users with additional information that is not appropriate to include in the balance sheet and income statement, but which is necessary for users of the financial statements to make a realistic assessment. the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position.

25. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement must indicate that the financial statements were prepared by the organization based on the accounting and reporting rules in force in the Russian Federation, except in cases where the organization made deviations from these rules when preparing the financial statements in accordance with paragraph 6 of these Regulations.

Significant deviations must be disclosed in the financial statements, indicating the reasons that caused these deviations, as well as the effect that these deviations had on understanding the state of the financial position of the organization, reflecting the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position. The organization must provide confirmation of the assessment in monetary terms of the consequences of deviations from the accounting and reporting rules in force in the Russian Federation.

26. The procedure for disclosing the accounting policy of the organization is established by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policy of the Organization” (PBU 1/98) (Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 9, 1998, registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on December 31, 1998, registration number 1673).

27. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss account must disclose the following additional information:

on the presence at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of intangible assets;
on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of fixed assets;
on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement of leased fixed assets during the reporting period;
on the availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the movement during the reporting period of certain types of financial investments;
on the existence of certain types of receivables at the beginning and end of the reporting period;
on changes in the capital (authorized, reserve, additional, etc.) of the organization;
on the number of shares issued by the joint-stock company and fully paid; the number of shares issued but not paid or partially paid; par value of shares owned by the joint-stock company, its subsidiaries and affiliates;
on the composition of reserves for future expenses and payments, estimated reserves, their availability at the beginning and end of the reporting period, the movement of funds from each reserve during the reporting period;
on the existence of certain types of accounts payable at the beginning and end of the reporting period;
on sales volumes of products, goods, works, services by type (industry) of activity and geographic markets (activity);
on the composition of production costs (distribution costs);
on the composition of other income and expenses; (as amended by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2006 N 115n)
about extraordinary facts of economic activity and their consequences;
about any issued and received security for the organization’s obligations and payments;
about events after the reporting date and contingent facts of economic activity;
about discontinued operations;
about affiliated persons;
on state aid;
about earnings per share.

28. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement disclose information in the form of separate reporting forms (cash flow statement, statement of changes in capital, etc.) and in the form of an explanatory note.

The item in the balance sheet and income statement to which explanations are provided must indicate such disclosure.

29. The financial statements must disclose data on cash flows in the reporting period, characterizing the availability, receipt and expenditure of funds in the organization.

The cash flow statement must characterize changes in the financial position of the organization in the context of current, investing and financing activities.

The cash flow statement must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

30. Business partnerships and companies, as part of their financial statements, must disclose information about the presence and changes in the authorized (share) capital, reserve capital and other components of the organization’s capital.

The statement of changes in capital must contain the following numerical indicators (taking into account what is stated in paragraphs 6 and 11 of these Regulations):

31. Explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement must disclose (if these data are not included in the information accompanying the accounting report):

legal address of the organization:
main activities;
average annual number of employees for the reporting period or number of employees as of the reporting date;
composition (names and positions) of members of the organization’s executive and control bodies.

VII. Rules for evaluating financial statements items

32. When assessing items in the financial statements, the organization must ensure compliance with the assumptions and requirements provided for in the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policy of the Organization” (PBU 1/98).

33. The balance sheet data at the beginning of the reporting period must be comparable with the balance sheet data for the period preceding the reporting period (taking into account the reorganization carried out, as well as changes related to the application of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policies of the Organization”).

34. In the financial statements, offsets between items of assets and liabilities, items of profit and loss are not allowed, except in cases where such offset is provided for by the relevant accounting provisions.

35. The balance sheet must include numerical indicators in a net valuation, i.e. minus regulatory values, which must be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet and profit and loss account.

36. The rules for evaluating individual items of financial statements are established by the relevant accounting provisions.

37. In case of deviation from the rules provided for in paragraphs 32 - 35 of these Regulations, significant deviations must be disclosed in the explanations to the balance sheet and profit and loss statement, along with an indication of the reasons that caused these deviations and the effect that these deviations had on understanding state of the financial position of the organization, reflection of the financial results of its activities and changes in its financial position.

38. Items in the financial statements prepared for the reporting year must be supported by the results of the inventory of assets and liabilities.

VIII. Information accompanying financial statements

39. An organization may provide additional information accompanying financial statements if the executive body considers it useful for interested users when making economic decisions. It reveals the dynamics of the most important economic and financial indicators of the organization’s activities over a number of years; planned development of the organization; expected capital and long-term financial investments; policy regarding borrowings, risk management; activities of the organization in the field of research and development work; environmental protection measures; other information.

Additional information, if necessary, can be presented in the form of analytical tables, graphs and diagrams.

When disclosing additional information, for example, environmental measures, the main activities carried out and planned by the organization in the field of environmental protection, the impact of these activities on the level of long-term investments and profitability in the reporting year, characteristics of the financial consequences for future periods, data on payments for violation of environmental legislation are provided. , environmental payments and payments for natural resources, current environmental protection costs and the degree of their impact on the financial results of the organization.

IX. Audit of financial statements

40. In cases provided for by federal laws, financial statements are subject to mandatory audit.

41. The final part of the auditor’s report issued based on the results of the mandatory audit of financial statements must be attached to these statements.

X. Publicity of financial statements

42. Accounting statements are open to users - founders (participants), investors, credit institutions, creditors, buyers, suppliers, etc. The organization must provide an opportunity for users to familiarize themselves with the accounting statements.

43. The organization is obliged to ensure the submission of annual financial statements to each founder (participant) within the time limits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

44. The organization is obliged to submit financial statements in one copy (free of charge) to the state statistics body and to other addresses provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, within the time limits established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

45. In cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the organization publishes its financial statements along with the final part of the audit report.

46. Publication of financial statements is carried out no later than June 1 of the year following the reporting year, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

47. The date of submission of financial statements for an organization is considered to be the day of its mailing or the day of its actual transfer by ownership.

If the date of submission of financial statements falls on a non-working day (weekend), then the deadline for submission of financial statements is considered to be the first working day following it.

XI. Interim financial statements

48. The organization must prepare interim financial statements for the month, quarter on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

49. Interim financial statements consist of a balance sheet and a profit and loss account, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation or the founders (participants) of the organization.

50. General requirements for interim financial statements, the content of its components, and the rules for evaluating items are determined in accordance with these Regulations.

51. The organization must prepare interim financial statements no later than 30 days after the end of the reporting period, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

52. Presentation and publication of interim financial statements are carried out in cases and in the manner provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation or the constituent documents of the organization.

Definitions according to PBU 4/99

We are talking about definitions of terms such as:

financial statements;
reporting date, period;
user.

Accounting statements, in accordance with the provisions of PBU 4/99, should be understood as a unified internal corporate system of knowledge about the financial position of the company, as well as the results of the company’s economic activities, compiled on the basis of information reflected in accounting.

The reporting period in PBU 4/99 is understood as the period within which the corresponding type of reporting should be generated in the organization. The reporting date, in turn, is understood as the date as of which an economic entity is required to provide reporting.

Another term that is disclosed in the source of law under consideration is user. This is understood as an individual or organization that is interested in obtaining information about an economic entity.

PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” defines the composition of the relevant documentation of the enterprise, as well as the requirements for it. Let's look at them.

PBU 4/99 “accounting statements of an organization”

PBU 4/99 “accounting statements of an organization” is the most important provision dictating the basic rules for the preparation of financial statements. Let's talk about the content and meaning of the document, what changes have been made to it, and how to follow it in practice.

Purpose of PBU 4/99

The regulation “Accounting statements of an organization” (PBU 4/99) was ratified by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n and is applied to the extent that does not contradict the provisions of Law No. 402-FZ “On Accounting”.

The PBU combines a clear methodological framework with a list of mandatory rules when compiling financial statements of Russian companies (except for credit and municipal companies, whose statements are prepared according to the rules of other approved methods). PBU is studied by future accountants as part of the educational work program PM 04 “Preparation and use of financial statements.”

PBU 4/99 covers the following issues:

about report forms and requirements for their completion;
on the block of simplified financial reporting for small and medium-sized enterprises and non-profit organizations;
on the nuances of preparing consolidated and liquidation reporting;
on the need to publish data on reporting forms of certain companies.

The Regulations define the main reporting forms filled out by enterprises at the end of the year:

balance;
financial performance report (FPR);
cash flow statement (cfs);
statement of changes in capital (OIC).

PBU 4/99 “Accounting Reports” describes the contents of each report. Thus, the balance sheet is drawn up in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 18-20 of Chapter 4, which provides line-by-line information on filling out the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet.

Recommendations for the preparation of the FPR are given in paragraphs 21-23 in Chapter 5. Form 4 of the financial statements (ODDS) is filled out based on the requirements of paragraph 29 of Chapter 6 of PBU4/99, and the list of information that should be in Form 3 (OIC) is placed in paragraph.

30.

Clause 31 of PBU 4/99 informs about the availability of the necessary information in the explanations to the balance sheet and main reports. Paragraphs 24–28 Ch. 6 PBU 4/99 contain recommendations on the format and content of notes to financial statements.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hmu85mQCkBg

Explanations should provide the user with additional information not included in the listed reports, but necessary to be able to correctly assess the financial condition of the company and the results of operations obtained.

For example, information on changes in accounting policies, movements of fixed assets and intangible assets, adjustments to the company’s capital (authorized/reserve/additional), the composition of valuation reserves, debts of debtors and to creditors, production and non-production costs, and other income/expenses is required.

The list of information subject to disclosure is presented in paragraph 27 of PBU 4/99, explanations are provided in the table.

Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n “On accounting forms” detailed certain principles of PBU 4/99, approving the reporting forms:

f. 1 – balance;
f. 2 – OFR;
f. 3 – OIC;
f. 4 – ODDS;
f. 6 – report on the intended use of funds (OCIS);
f. 5 – explanations of the balance sheet and applications.

The same normative act provides instructions on the scope of reporting forms and recommendations on its preparation, and also lists simplified reporting forms (balance sheet and financial statements), which are filled out with grouped indicators without item-by-item detailing of data. Forms 3, 4, 6 of financial statements are not prepared by companies that are given the right to use a simplified version of reporting, with the exception of OCIS, if the company’s activities involve the use of targeted financing.

PBU 4/99 “accounting statements of an organization” - 2017

The latest adjustments to PBU 4/99 were made in 2010 and were not radical. As before, financial statements currently include the main set of forms specified in paragraph 5 of the PBU - balance sheet and forms No. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

The general rules that must be followed when compiling reports remain unchanged. They are similar to the requirements of Law No. 402-FZ. Accounting statements must be:

truthful, comply with legal standards (clause 6 of PBU 4/99);
drawn up in Russian according to the principle of materiality of information, in ruble currency and reflecting indicators at net cost (clauses 15, 25, 35 of PBU);
with clear continuity of information specified in the reports of previous periods (clause 33 of the PBU);
consolidated (if there are divisions and branches (clause 8 of the PBU));
in the public domain for interested users (clause 42 of the PBU);
with a distinction between assets and sources based on the principle of urgency (clause 19 of the PBU);
with mandatory confirmation of reporting data by inventories of liabilities and assets (clause 38 of the PBU).

Financial statements are prepared for the reporting period (year), but it is possible to prepare interim reports (monthly, quarterly), accompanied by filling out a balance sheet and financial statements (clauses 45-52 of PBU).

The title of the reports indicates:

name, details, legal form, address of the organization;
OKVED code (if there are several types, indicate the one that corresponds to the largest amount of revenue received);
data units and corresponding code.

The block of documents that form the financial reporting package can be supplemented with related information if it is useful for interested users (clause 39 of the PBU).

If the company is included in the category of legal entities for which the obligation to conduct an audit is established (JSC, non-state pension funds, insurers, companies trading securities), then an audit report must be added to the reporting package (clause 41 of the PBU).

You can generate reporting forms manually or in special accounting programs.

Publication of reports

The publicity of financial statements is reserved for Chapter 10 of PBU 4/99 “accounting statements of an organization” (clauses 42 – 46).

Since the reporting of an enterprise must be open to various users (investors, creditors, partners), legislators have established the obligation to publish reporting for public joint stock companies, insurance companies, enterprises involved in the placement of securities, as well as legal entities preparing consolidated reporting.

Companies are required to submit a copy of their annual reporting to each founder, state statistics department and regulatory authorities within the established time frame. If necessary, the reports are published together with the final part of the auditor’s report before June 1 of the year following the reporting year.

Source: https://spmag.ru/articles/pbu-499-buhgalterskaya-otchetnost-organizacii

Composition of reporting

In accordance with the provisions of PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization,” the company’s financial statements include:

balance;
a report recording profits and losses;
special applications to the balance sheet and report;
explanatory note;
in cases provided for by law - an auditor's report.

In turn, the source of law under consideration establishes a wide range of requirements for the company’s financial statements. Let's study them.

Document requirements

In accordance with PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization,” documents that are generated by an enterprise must reflect reliably and in the necessary completeness an idea of the state of affairs in the business, the results of the company’s economic activities, and trends characterizing the economic performance of the company.

The main criterion for the completeness and reliability of reporting is its compliance with the rules established by regulations adopted by the competent authorities. If, when preparing the relevant documents, insufficiency of certain data is revealed, the company must include the necessary additional indicators and explanations in the reporting.

In extreme cases, PBU 4/99 allows for this scenario; an enterprise may deviate from the established standards if it is not possible to obtain the necessary indicators for objective reasons.

The information that is collected during the reporting process should be neutral. Its application should not influence the decisions taken by competent persons in the course of assessing financial results.

The most important requirement for the financial statements of a legal entity is that it must include indicators that reflect the results of the economic activities of all its divisions, representative offices, as well as other structures, including those that have separate balance sheets.

The enterprise needs to ensure the most important compliance with the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Statements of the Organization” (PBU 4/99), which consists in the consistent generation of documents, taking into account the continuity of the structure of the form in which indicators are recorded for different reporting periods. The forms of documents used as the basis for drawing up a balance sheet, a statement recording profits and losses, as well as sources supplementing them, must therefore be constant. They are subject to change in exceptional cases. Alternatively, if the type of activity of the company changes. At the same time, the organization must be ready to justify the corresponding changes through separate explanations to the balance sheet, as well as the statement reflecting profits and losses.

Accounting statements, their composition and content (Accounting Regulations PBU 4/99 contains the relevant standards) must be formed taking into account the continuity of indicators for different reporting periods. If discrepancies are detected between the relevant data, the accountant can make the necessary adjustments to certain indicators. In this case, information about it must be reflected in additions to the balance sheet and report reflecting the profits and losses of the enterprise.

PBU 4/99

What is the normative act PBU 4/99?

Why do you need an appropriate source of law? This regulatory act determines the structure, as well as the methodological basis for maintaining financial statements by enterprises.

The jurisdiction of the considered source of law applies to all legal entities, except banks, as well as state and municipal structures.

Also, PBU 4/99 may not apply if financial statements are prepared by an enterprise for internal needs, in order to provide statistical reporting and accounting documentation by business entities for interested parties in a manner that is not directly regulated by Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 43n.

The document in question should not be used when drawing up:

reporting generated by an economic entity for internal purposes, as well as compiled for statistical institutions;
information prepared by a banking organization in accordance with established requirements, unless otherwise provided by separate rules.

It may be noted that the corresponding source of norms can be used directly by the Ministry of Finance for the purposes of:

definition of standard reporting forms, as well as guidelines for them;
special reporting procedures for small businesses and non-profit organizations;
establishing rules for creating consolidated reporting, as well as documentation when changing the status of an enterprise.

Thus, the standard in question is a universal source with a fairly broad jurisdiction.

The source of law under consideration establishes a number of definitions that it is advisable for enterprises to adhere to when preparing reports.

Definitions according to PBU 4/99

We are talking about definitions of terms such as:

financial statements;
reporting date, period;
user.

PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” defines the composition of the relevant documentation of the enterprise, as well as the requirements for it. Let's look at them.

Composition of reporting

In accordance with the provisions of PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization,” the company’s financial statements include:

balance;
a report recording profits and losses;
special applications to the balance sheet and report;
explanatory note;
in cases provided for by law - an auditor's report.

In turn, the source of law under consideration establishes a wide range of requirements for the company’s financial statements. Let's study them.

Document requirements

In extreme cases, PBU 4/99 allows for this scenario; an enterprise may deviate from the established standards if it is not possible to obtain the necessary indicators for objective reasons.

The information that is collected during the reporting process should be neutral. Its application should not influence the decisions taken by competent persons in the course of assessing financial results.

The forms of documents used as the basis for drawing up a balance sheet, a statement recording profits and losses, as well as sources supplementing them, must therefore be constant. They are subject to change in exceptional cases. Alternatively, if the type of activity of the company changes.

At the same time, the organization must be ready to justify the corresponding changes through separate explanations to the balance sheet, as well as the statement reflecting profits and losses.

If discrepancies are detected between the relevant data, the accountant can make the necessary adjustments to certain indicators.

In this case, information about it must be reflected in additions to the balance sheet and report reflecting the profits and losses of the enterprise.

Indicators about the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the company must be reflected separately if they are very important for a reliable assessment of the state of affairs in the company.

In turn, these indicators may be reflected in additions to the balance sheet and report if they are not particularly important for assessing the state of the business.

Reporting date and year

The reporting year corresponds to the period from January 1 to December 31. The first reporting year for a new organization is the period from the date of registration of the company to December 31.

If the company was created after October 1, then the first reporting year for it corresponds to the period from the date of registration with government agencies to December 31, thus the next year.

Accounting statements: other requirements

Let's consider other significant requirements for the preparation of financial statements in accordance with PBU 4/99. Thus, it should be noted that each of its components - balance sheet, report, additions to them, auditor's report - must contain:

Name;
reporting date or period for which reporting is provided;
name of the company providing the documents;
information about the organizational and legal form of the business;
format for reflecting reporting indicators.

The order approving the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Statements of an Organization” PBU 4/99 instructs accountants to draw up documentation:

in Russian;
indicate indicators in rubles.

The relevant reporting must be certified:

head of the company;
chief accountant or other employee exercising powers to maintain accounting.

Balance sheet structure

It will be useful to study the structure of two key accounting documents - the balance sheet and the report, which reflects the profits and losses of the company. Let's start with the first source.

The balance sheet contains assets and liabilities. The corresponding indicators characterize the economic position of the company at the reporting date.

As far as the assets and liabilities of the firm are concerned, they should be classified into current and long-term. The first are those whose duration does not exceed 12 months.

The second ones, on the contrary, are those that can be repaid by the obligated party 12 months after the conclusion of the contract and later.

Report structure

The next most important document is a report that reflects profit and loss indicators.

Using this source, in particular, income classification can be carried out on the basis of PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization”.

The document in question must reflect the results of the company’s economic activities for the reporting period. The main indicators in it are thus correlated with income and expenses, which are classified into ordinary and other.

Explanations for the balance sheet and report

Another important type of sources included in a company’s financial statements are explanations to the balance sheet and report reflecting the company’s profits and losses. The corresponding additions are intended to disclose information that relates to the company’s accounting policy and is necessary for interested parties to make a reliable assessment of the company’s financial performance.

If the explanations require to reflect deviations from the rules made by a competent specialist of the company when preparing reports, the reason for this deviation is recorded. In addition, the company needs to reflect the financial consequences of allowing non-compliance with the rules of law governing the preparation of financial statements in enterprises.

Additions to accounting reporting sources must reflect information that relates directly to the organization’s economic activities and disclose them in the context of the information that is confirmed by accounting data. Thus, a person interested in obtaining the sources in question expects, first of all, to increase the reliability of information about the economic situation at the enterprise.

A mandatory criterion for the corresponding additions to PBU 4/99 “Accounting statements of an organization” is their compliance with the law, as well as internal regulations, if required based on the management policy of the corporation. If financiers had to abandon any norms, this should be recorded in the amendments under consideration. Thus, the relevant documents are intended to be transparent to any interested parties.

Source: https://fb.ru/article/285460/pbu-buhgalterskaya-otchetnost-organizatsii-sostav-soderjanie-polojenie-i-prikaz

Reflection of economic indicators in reporting: nuances

There are a number of nuances that characterize the recording of key indicators in the financial statements - they are also provided for in the document “Accounting statements of an organization” PBU 4/99. Briefly about them the following can be noted. Indicators about the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the company must be reflected separately if they are very important for a reliable assessment of the state of affairs in the company. In turn, these indicators may be reflected in additions to the balance sheet and report if they are not particularly important for assessing the state of the business.

Reporting date and year

In accordance with the regulatory source under consideration, when preparing accounting documentation, an enterprise must keep in mind that the reporting date should be considered the last calendar day of the corresponding period. The reporting year corresponds to the period from January 1 to December 31. The first reporting year for a new organization is the period from the date of registration of the company to December 31. If the company was created after October 1, then the first reporting year for it corresponds to the period from the date of registration with government agencies to December 31, thus the next year.

Accounting statements: other requirements

Name;
reporting date or period for which reporting is provided;
name of the company providing the documents;
information about the organizational and legal form of the business;
format for reflecting reporting indicators.

The order approving the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Statements of an Organization” PBU 4/99 instructs accountants to draw up documentation:

in Russian;
indicate indicators in rubles.

The relevant reporting must be certified:

head of the company;
chief accountant or other employee exercising powers to maintain accounting.

Accounting reporting requirements

According to the Law “On Accounting” dated December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ, financial statements must:

truthfully display information about the organization (its financial condition as of a certain date, results of operations, cash flows for the reporting period);
be formed on the basis of accounting standards and data.

Organizations prepare reports once a year or at other intervals (if interim reporting is provided for by regulation, charter or decision of the owner).

Accounting requirements are described in Law No. 402-FZ and in Regulation 4/99 “Accounting Reports of an Organization,” approved. by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 6, 1999 No. 43n.

According to these regulations, reporting:

drawn up in Russian, reflecting cost indicators in rubles (in the currency of the Russian Federation);
summarizes the performance indicators of all its divisions;
acquires the status of official reporting from the moment the paper version of the forms is signed by the head of the organization.

Let's consider the nuances of preparing and using financial statements.

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Balance sheet structure

It will be useful to study the structure of two key accounting documents - the balance sheet and the report, which reflects the profits and losses of the company. Let's start with the first source.

The balance sheet contains assets and liabilities. The corresponding indicators characterize the economic position of the company at the reporting date. As far as the assets and liabilities of the firm are concerned, they should be classified into current and long-term. The first are those whose duration does not exceed 12 months. The second ones, on the contrary, are those that can be repaid by the obligated party 12 months after the conclusion of the contract and later.

Accounting statements (BO) PBU 4/99.

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Buh. reporting (BO) - a unified system of data on the property and financial position of an organization and the results of its economic activities. activities compiled on the basis of accounting data in the prescribed form.

Classification:

1) According to the frequency of presentation: annual; intermediate, quarterly, semi-annual, monthly, for 9 months.

2) By type of information: BO; statistical report; tax report.

3) By addressee: b/o for external users, and for internal users.

All organizations submit annual BO according to with founding documents: to its founders; owners; state statistics authorities.

Organizations are required to submit annual BO during the current period. 90 days at the end of the year, and quarterly during the current period. 30 days after the end of the quarter.

Publication of the financial statements and the auditor's report thereto, if provided for by the law of the Russian Federation, must be made no later than July 1 following the reporting period.

The procedure for compiling and submitting financial statements is regulated by: Federal Law on accounting records and PBU-4/99 “On maintaining accounting records and financial statements”.

2. Composition of BO and basic requirements for it.

BO consists of: BB; Profits and Losses Report; annex to them and an explanatory note to the BB and the profit and loss report; an audit report confirming the power of attorney of the BO (if, in accordance with the Federal Law, the organization is subject to mandatory audit).

BO must give a reliable and complete picture of finance. position of the organization, financial the results of its activities and changes in its finances. position All data presented in the BO must be given for a minimum of 2 years (for the reporting year and for the previous period).

Each component part of the BO must contain: the name of the component part; indication of the reporting date or reporting period for which the financial statement was compiled; name of the organization and indication of its OPF (LLC, private enterprise,..); format for presenting numerical indicators of BO. The BO must be signed by the manager and chapter. accountant.

BO items compiled for the reporting year must be confirmed by the results of the inventory of assets and liabilities.

BB : har-et fin. position according to the status of the report. date.

P&L : har-et fin. results of the organization for the report. period.

Explanations : opened. information related to the UPR and provision. additional user data, cat. not input in BB and P&L, but cat. required for real financial assessment. provisions and fin. res-com.

Balance sheet.

BB is the main form of BO of an organization, which is compiled regardless of the type of activity and form of ownership. BB is compiled for each report. period based on accounting indicators and signed by management. BB for a month or quarter - interim, for a year - annual. An indicator that characterizes certain types of im-va, the sources of its formation, is called a line or balance sheet item. Balance sheet items are grouped into sections according to similar characteristics.

BB is a way of grouping a name according to its composition and location and the sources of its formation on the 1st day of the month, quarter, year.

In appearance, the BB is a table: on the left side it shows the property by composition and location - A; on the right side - the sources of formation of this property - P

Assets	Passive
I. Non-current assets	III. Capital and reserves
II. Current assets	IV.Long term obligations
V.Short term obligations

The total amount for A and P is called the balance sheet currency. A=P

Included in the external assets including: fixed assets (labor assets involved or functioning for a long period of time more than 1 year or 1 production cycle); Intangible assets (assets that do not have a material form, have served the enterprise for more than 1 year and generate income: rights to soft goods, patents for inventions, trademarks, business reputation); NZStr-vo; Ext. investments (account 08 in financial assets, long-term financial investments; IT. Current: (spi<12 months) Raw materials and supplies; WIP; GP; Commodities shipped; VAT; DZ; Den . Wednesday; Short-term financial investment; Expenditure of future periods.

Passive BB comp. from own and borrowed sources. Own: UK; Ext. K-l; Res. K-l; Non-distribution profit; Representation reserve consumables; Own shares, repurchase from shareholders.

Borrowed: Long-term obligations (credits and borrowings); IT; Short term KZ (salary, taxes); Income bud. periods.

Accounting for the use of profits.

The decision on the use of profits will be made for a year. total meeting of shareholders.

To account for the use of profit, account 81 is used. Accounting is maintained on it throughout the year. 2 subaccounts:

81.1 payments to the budget from profits

81.2 use of profits for other purposes.

Accounting for the use of profit is carried out according to D81 in correspondence with the volume of different accounts:

1. K68 - accrual of tax payments to the budget from profits.

2. K67 - accrual of payments to extra-budgetary funds.

3. K88 - use of profits for the formation of special funds

88.3 formation of accumulation funds,

88.4 formation of social sector funds,

88.5 formation of consumption funds.

4. K88.2 - use of profits to cover losses of previous years.

5. K70 - accrual of dividends, financial assistance to members of the workforce.

6. K75 - accrual of dividends to founders.

7. K86 - use of profits to increase reserve capital.

8. K90, 92 - accrual of interest on bank loans received for the purchase of fixed assets, intangible assets and other assets.

9. K94.95 - accrual of interest on loans received.

10. K97 - interest accrual under a long-term lease agreement.

11. K29 - write-off of losses from the operation of housing and communal services that are on the balance sheet of the enterprise.

When preparing the annual report, account 81 is closed. The amount from K81 is recorded in D80. There is no balance at the end of the year. The amount for D 81 is not reflected in the balance sheet.

5. Accounting is an economic science. BU is studying the quantitative side of households. phenomena in inextricable connection with their qualitative side through continuous, continuous, documented and interconnected registration of economic facts both in monetary terms and in physical terms.

BU – economic science. Accounting as a science was first mentioned in the works of Benedetto Cotrugli (1458) and Luca Pacioli (1494). they laid the foundation for the consideration of accounting as a tool for managing a separate enterprise, on the one hand, and as a universal methodological science, on the other.

In a management system, accounting performs a number of functions:

1. Control function. The control process consists of setting standards, measuring actual results achieved and making adjustments. Three types of control: preliminary (before the implementation of chemical weapons), current (during chemical weapons), subsequent (after). During the control process, the activities of all management facilities, all sections, and production facilities are systematically checked, the causes of deviations and deviations from the goals set for a specific facility are identified, and measures are promptly taken to eliminate them.

2. Ensuring the safety of property. The implementation of this function is an inventory of the subsoil name, which allows you to determine the changes that have occurred in the composition of the property.

3. Information function. The system BU records and accumulates comprehensive synthetic and analytical information about the state and movement of the name and the sources of its formation, economic processes, and the final financial results. and household activities of the enterprise.

4. Feedback function. Using feedback with the help of accounting information reflecting the actual values of indicators, they monitor the implementation of planned indicators, standards, norms and regulations, estimates, compliance with the economical use of all types of resources, identify various shortcomings, identify production reserves and the degree of their mobilization and use.

5. Analytical function. The implementation of this function allows for analysis of all sections of the accounting system, incl. use of all types of resources, costs of production and sales of products, correctness of prices applied.

Disposal of fixed assets

The disposal and write-off of an asset at an enterprise is the last stage of its life cycle.

Reasons for leaving:

-physical/moral wear and tear; sale; contribution to the management company; liquidation in case of an accident; gratuitous transfer and donation; exchange; leasing; contribution to a joint project.

Designed write-off act – OS-4. Into the nose. record in inventory card. Income/expenses, related to the choice of OS neg. on account91. D-ost. item and other expenses. on disposal, on K - receipts from write-off. The residual item of the OS, written off before the end of the SPI, refers to the financial account. result p/p-ia.

Extracted mat. prices have subsided according to the market. st-ti on the date - only in this case profit.

Moral/physical wear and tear: Open. subaccount 01/disposal

1. D 01/select K 01 – list. first price;

2. D 02 - K 01/select - list. accrual Am.;

3. D 91/2 - K 01 - list. remaining article (if under-Am-tion);

Fin. res.: D 99 K91/9 – loss; D91/9 K 99 – profit.

Free broadcast:

1,2,3, 4. D91/2 K68/VAT – beginning. VAT on the market. article having given it to OS 5. D 83 K84 – list. doots-ka. Fin res.

Contribution to the management company

contribution to the management company is not a reality. and is not subject to VAT!

1,2, 3. D58/01 K01/select –neg. before. in the Criminal Code in the district ost. st-ti; 4. D58/01 K91/1 – neg. exceeded den. ots-ki contribution over the rest. Article 5. D91/9 K99 – profit.

D 10 - K 91 - income from stored material assets is taken into account;

D 91 - K 99 - loss from early write-off of an object;

D 83 - K 84 - included in retained earnings is the amount ext. capital that arose earlier during the revaluation of an asset,

where: count 83 “Add. capital”, account 84 “Retained profit (uncovered loss)”, account 91 “Other income and expenses”, account 99 “Profits and losses”, 58 “financial. attachments"

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Explanations for the balance sheet and report

It can be noted that the legal act in question may correspond with others that regulate accounting at an enterprise. In this case, the financier needs to have prompt access to the relevant sources of rules in the latest edition, as well as to comments, clarifications and, if necessary, judicial practice on the use of the provisions of these sources of law.