Who can apply simplified accounting methods

Accounting options under a simplified taxation system

Keeping accounting under the simplified tax system for companies became mandatory after the adoption of the new law on accounting under No. 402-FZ of December 6, 2011.
The same law established the possibility of using simplified methods of accounting for small businesses (SMB), which, for the most part, include firms operating under the simplified tax system. Firms operating on a simplified basis, but not small enterprises, as well as “simplified” companies that have the risk of switching to OSNO, carry out accounting under the simplified tax system in full according to the rules of accounting legislation. This accounting option is also preferable for companies that work steadily on the simplified tax system, but use accounting data to obtain detailed information about the state of affairs in the organization and economic analysis of activities.

Options for conducting simplified accounting for small businesses are contained in 2 documents:

• Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 21, 1998 No. 64n, indicating the possibility of organizing accounting (clause 21):
• without using property registers of a small enterprise (simple form);
• using registers of such accounting (register forms are given as appendices to the order);

• complete, carried out through double entry using the accounting registers of SMP assets;
• abbreviated, in which accounting is carried out through double entry without using the accounting registers of SMP assets;
• simple, carried out without the use of double entry.

The accounting methods proposed by the IPB RF are characterized by certain features of the management methodology and are preferable for each of them for their own circle of small businesses:

• Full simplified accounting is carried out according to generally established accounting rules, but allowing for some simplifications (non-application of a number of accounting standards, reduction of the chart of accounts, simplified accounting registers, the possibility of correcting errors of previous years by the current year). It is preferable for SMEs conducting diversified activities that require recording of all its aspects, but allowing for the sufficiency of aggregated indicators for its assessment.
• Abbreviated simplified accounting is limited to keeping records in a ledger for recording facts of economic activity, which is a single table in which all events are reflected in double entry. This method is possible for small SMEs conducting monotonous activities with a small number of transactions that require the use of a very limited number of accounting accounts.
• Simple simplified accounting is also kept in the ledger of all facts of economic activity in the form of a table, but without the method of double entry. This method is only available for micro-enterprises.

For companies that have the right to simplified accounting, current legislation allows for the possibility of conducting it on a cash basis (clause 12 of PBU 9/99 and clause 18 of PBU 10/99).

Which commercial organizations have the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified financial statements? The answer to this question is in the ConsultantPlus system. Get a free trial and proceed to the 2021 Accounting Guide.

Read about the differences between the accrual method and the cash method here.

However, there are no recommendations for its organization. Most likely, this is due to the fact that cash accounting does not meet the main task of accounting: to provide complete and reliable information about all the facts of the company’s economic activities. When applying the cash method in accounting, not only the real picture of the economic life of the organization is distorted, but also its financial statements. Therefore, it is still better to conduct accounting using the accrual method, and the cash method can only be recommended as a method of maintaining tax accounting. In particular, it is this method under the simplified tax system that paid income and expenses taken into account when calculating tax are reflected in the book of income and expenses, which, when simplified, is a mandatory tax register (Article 346.24 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Read about the accrual method in accounting in the material “What is the essence and features of the accrual method in accounting .

Taking into account the fact that accounting is carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the current law on accounting and PBU, and tax accounting according to the rules of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, accounting and tax accounting data will almost always differ. You can try to bring them as close as possible by choosing similar accounting methods. But at the same time, financial statements will always be compiled according to accounting data, and tax calculations will be done according to tax accounting data.

For information on the requirements for financial reporting, read the article “What requirements should accounting reporting satisfy?” .

Not keeping accounting records according to established rules is risky. The current legislation provides for liability for this (clause 3 of article 120 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and article 15.11 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation). Such violations, in particular, include the lack of accounting registers, the absence of primary records and systematic errors in filling out accounting registers.

Who can use simplified accounting

The main requirement for organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting is that they belong to small enterprises. The main conditions for this are:

• Number of employees less than 100 people;
• Income was less than 400 million rubles last year, from 2021 this value will increase to 800 million rubles;
• Balance sheet currency is less than 60 million rubles;
• The share of participation of small organizations (including foreign ones) is no more than 49%.

Organizations that do not have the right to use simplified accounting include:

• Joint stock companies, on the basis that they must conduct an audit;
• State and municipal unitary enterprises;
• Housing, housing construction, credit consumer cooperatives, microfinance organizations.

Important! If a small enterprise is required to conduct an audit, they cannot maintain accounting in a simplified form.

In addition, simplified accounting can be carried out by participants of the Skolkovo project.

Accounting policies and chart of accounts for the simplified tax system

The accounting policy under the simplified tax system is the same serious and detailed document as is drawn up by any organization working on the OSNO.

The chosen method of accounting and the features of its maintenance are necessarily fixed in the order on accounting policies.

Along with the organizational and technical aspects of accounting, the text of the order should reflect the choice:

• forms of accounting registers;
• accounting accounts used for accounting (working chart of accounts);
• forms of primary accounting documents;

For recommendations on the preparation of primary documents, see the material “Primary document: requirements for the form and the consequences of its violation” .

• accounting forms;
• methods of storing primary materials;
• document flow rules;
• use or non-use of PBU;
• boundaries between fixed assets and low-value property;
• creating reserves or abandoning them;
• the possibility or impossibility of accounting for losses from previous years.

The forms of simplified accounting registers must be provided as appendices to the order. For the full simplified accounting option, they will generally be similar to the balance sheets used in OSNO, but can combine information on related accounting accounts and require the formation of a consolidated checkerboard sheet in addition to them. The forms of simplified accounting registers recommended by the Ministry of Finance of Russia can be seen in the appendices to the protocol of the IPB of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2013 No. 4/13 and the order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 21, 1998 No. 64n.

The consolidation of data on accounting accounts is based on a reduced chart of accounts, in which it is possible to reduce the number of accounts used by enlarging them. You can, for example, combine inventory accounting accounts (07, 10, 14, 15, 16) on account 10, cost accounting accounts (20, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29) on account 20, non-cash accounts (51 , 52, 55, 57) on account 51, accounts for settlements with counterparties (73, 75, 76, 79) on account 76. The decision on how the accounts will be combined must be reflected in the accounting policy. The working chart of accounts is a mandatory appendix to the text of the order.

In connection with the right granted to SMP to generate financial statements in a shortened version (only in two forms) and in aggregated indicators (with fewer lines in the forms), it is necessary to consolidate this right in the accounting policy.

Read about SMP reporting in the article “Simplified small business reporting .

Particular attention should be paid to the issues of storing primary accounting documents, which may be needed even by simplified companies that maintain accounting at the simplified tax system of 6% (income), in the event of a change in the taxation system.

Accounting under the simplified tax system should be organized in such a way that, if it is necessary to return to OSNO or switch from the simplified tax system “income” to the simplified tax system “income minus expenses,” it is possible to restore analytics using accounting data in accordance with the requirements of the relevant tax system with a minimum amount of labor costs.

For information about what else an order on accounting policies should contain, read the material “Form of an order for approval of accounting policies .

Accounting statements with simplified accounting

With any option for maintaining simplified accounting, the organization is required to submit financial statements .

Small enterprises can submit only two forms: a balance sheet and a statement of financial results in an abbreviated format (clause 6, 6.1 and Appendix 5 to Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n).

Also, representatives of small businesses may not disclose in their financial statements certain types of information that are mandatory for most medium and large companies:

1. Information about related parties - legal entities and individuals who can influence the company or are themselves influenced by it (clause 3 of PBU 11/2008).
2. Information on segments, i.e. for individual divisions (clause 2 of PBU 12/2010).
3. Information on discontinued activities - about those areas of work that the organization plans to abandon (clause 3.1 of PBU 16/02).

However, here we should proceed from the same principle as when keeping records in general. Reporting should enable users to gain a complete understanding of the financial health of the business.

In cases where the abbreviated reporting format is not sufficient, a small business must use the forms and disclosure procedures provided for large companies.

Accounting policy when simplified for the object “income minus expenses”

When drawing up an accounting policy according to the simplified tax system “income minus expenses”, the order must reflect all the features of accounting for its financial and economic activities. Particular attention should be paid to expense accounting issues, which are usually carefully checked by the tax authorities:

• determining the cost of the OS;
• the procedure for writing off the cost of fixed assets and intangible assets;
• determining the cost of inventory items;
• the procedure for writing off the cost of inventory items;
• the procedure for recording and writing off TZR;
• procedure for accounting and writing off VAT;

About the procedure for accounting for VAT under the simplified tax system, read the article “What is the procedure for writing off VAT on expenses (postings)?” .

• the procedure for accounting for sales expenses;
• the procedure for accounting for standardized expenses;
• the procedure for accounting for future expenses;
• the procedure for accounting for losses of previous years;
• the procedure for accounting for the minimum tax paid upon a loss.

You can download a sample accounting policy for simplifiers using “income minus expenses” in the ConsultantPlus system. Sign up for a free trial access to K+ and receive a document from K+ experts.

More information about the preparation of accounting policies can be found in the articles:

• “Accounting policy under the simplified tax system “income minus expenses” (2021)”;
• “A ready-made accounting policy is a sample for an organization.”

Accounting for materials under the simplified tax system

Accounting for materials under the simplified tax system has its own characteristics, and they are, first of all, associated with special rules for tax accounting of materials. Let's look at the question in more detail.

The content of the article:

1. Accounting for receipt of materials under the simplified tax system in accounting

2. Accounting for the write-off of materials under the simplified tax system in accounting

3. Tax accounting of materials under the simplified tax system

4. Accounting for materials using the simplified tax system in 1C Accounting, 8th ed. 3.0

1. Accounting for receipt of materials under the simplified tax system in accounting

Companies using the simplified tax system in their accounting reflect materials that are part of inventories (MPI) in accordance with PBU 5/01. PBU 5/01 concerns only accounting and assumes the same approach for companies using different taxation systems.

1.1. Receipt of materials

Materials in the organization are received either at actual cost (this method is used by most companies) or at accounting prices (using accounts 15 and 16).

The actual cost of materials upon purchase is determined not only based on the supplier’s prices, but also includes other costs associated with the purchase of materials (clause 6 of PBU 5/01):

• the cost of information and consulting services related to the acquisition of inventories (not recognized in tax accounting under the simplified tax system),
• customs duties,
• non-refundable taxes paid when purchasing materials,
• cost of intermediary services,
• cost of delivery of materials and other similar ones.

Account 10 is intended for accounting for materials. The chart of accounts provides for several sub-accounts for the account, which separately account for materials that have different characteristic features. For example, construction materials are accounted for in subaccount 10.08, office supplies for accounting are included in other materials in subaccount 10.06.

VAT reflected in the supplier's documents can be included in the cost of purchased materials by companies on the ONS, without first reflecting it on account 19. This approach follows from the principle of rationality and should be reflected in the accounting policies of the organization.

Companies entitled to apply simplified accounting methods

, some materials (for example, for management needs) can be accounted for in a simplified manner, without being reflected in the materials accounts. If the appropriate method is provided for by the company's accounting policy, then such materials are valued at supplier prices and are reflected immediately in cost accounts (26 or 20, if the company uses a shortened list of accounting accounts).

In a simplified manner, such companies can also write off basic materials if their share in the cost of goods, works, and services is insignificant.

Example 1

Materials for the main activities of the company were purchased in the amount of 240 thousand rubles, incl. VAT (20%) 40 thousand rubles. Payment was made in the amount of 60% on the day the materials were received, in June 2019, the remaining 40% was paid in July 2021. Reflect the receipt of materials in accounting. The company applies the simplified tax system.

Solution

1. Receipt of materials (including input VAT) - Debit 10.01 Credit 60.01 - 240,000.00 - if the company's accounting policy reflects the VAT presented by the supplier, it is taken into account in the cost of materials without using account 19.
2. Payment for materials (60%) - Debit 60.01 Credit 51 - 144,000.00 in June 2021
3. Payment for materials (40%) - Debit 60.01 Credit 51 - 96,000.00 in July 2021

To reflect the receipt of materials in accounting, in our opinion, the supplier’s invoice is sufficient.

1.2. Features of accounting for inventory and household supplies

It must be remembered that inventory and household supplies accounted for on account 10.09 can be used for quite a long time. In order to control the safety of such assets after they are reflected in cost accounts (write-offs to production and economic expenses are needed), the organization must develop and reflect in the accounting policy a method for accounting for them.

You can, for example, write:

• records of inventory and household supplies in operation by company divisions,
• off-balance sheet accounting by creating an additional off-balance sheet account (for example, assigning it number 013). 1C programs provide an accounting mechanism for the off-balance sheet account MTs.04 - “Inventory and household supplies in operation.”

In this case, the employee responsible for the safety of specific equipment must be indicated.

When an asset becomes unusable, it is decommissioned.

2. Accounting for the write-off of materials under the simplified tax system in accounting

The cost of materials when written off for production or sale is determined based on the method reflected in the accounting policy:

• using the FIFO method (at the cost of the first purchased),

• at an average price,

• at the price of a unit of goods.

As with other taxation systems, materials in accounting are written off (from account credit 10) when they begin to be used. This approach is contained in clause 93 of the Methodological Instructions, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 28, 2001 No. 119n. It does not matter whether the materials were paid for or not.

Accounting for the write-off of materials during registration can be maintained using one of the unified forms approved by Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation dated October 30, 1997 No. 71a:

• limit intake card in form No. M-8,
• demand invoice in form No. M-22.

But it is more rational to use the Materials Write-off Act to write off materials as expenses. A unified form of such an act. You can approve your form, or use the form that the developers of the 1C program added to their configurations in 2021.

This recommendation is due to the fact that materials transferred according to the unified forms given above can be used in production, not immediately, but in parts, or simply stored in the production department for some time.

Example 2

In March 2021, materials were purchased in the amount of 20 thousand rubles, incl. VAT (20%) 2 thousand rubles. In April 2021, all materials were used to manufacture a prototype product. Reflect the write-off of materials in the accounting records for the company using the simplified tax system.

Solution

Let's assume that a company accounts for manufactured samples as one of its product types. There are relevant local regulations and estimates for the production of such samples.

Then the materials are written off (accounted for as expenses) when producing the sample as follows:

Debit 43 Credit 10 - 20,000.00.

Typical accounting entries for materials accounting are shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

3. Tax accounting of materials under the simplified tax system.

Like any other, material expenses must be economically justified, documented and used in activities aimed at generating income. Otherwise, they are not accepted for tax accounting (clause 1, article 252, clause 2, article 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Tax accounting of materials under the simplified tax system is carried out in compliance with some special rules:

1. Costs for the purchase of materials are reflected in tax accounting only if the tax object “Income minus Expenses” is selected.
2. Accounting for materials under the simplified tax system, income minus expenses, implies that expenses for the purchase of materials are reflected in tax accounting if:

• materials have been paid for and received,
• Tax accounting of materials in accordance with clause 2 of Article 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation is carried out in the manner established by clause 5 of Article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

If you follow the letter of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, then materials are reflected in accounting at the time of repayment of the debt to the supplier.

However, according to the requirements of Article 254 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the material costs of the current month should only take into account the costs of materials that have already been used in the production of goods, works, and services. But there are letters from the Ministry of Finance that allow you to take into account materials in tax expenses immediately after they are paid and capitalized, regardless of whether they are transferred to production or not (Letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 31, 2013 No. 03-11-11/30607, dated June 16. 2014 No. 03-11-06/2/28535).

Tax accounting of materials under the simplified tax system (USN) income minus expenses

in the case where materials are purchased with VAT, it implies the reflection of expenses in KUDiR in two lines:

• cost of materials according to supplier documents excluding VAT (clause 5, clause 1, article 346.16),
• VAT presented by the supplier on purchased materials (clause 8, clause 1, article 346.16).

Both entries are reflected in tax accounting simultaneously, provided that all the conditions for recording material expenses specified above are met.

The documents that are indicated in the KUDiR can be bank payment documents, cash receipts and BSO.

If the parties have not entered into a written agreement not to provide invoices, then an invoice from the supplier will also be required, except in cases where the materials were purchased in cash by the accountable person.

The cost of delivery of materials from the supplier's warehouse can either be included in the cost of material costs or reflected as a other expense in accordance with the accounting policies of the organization.

Accounting for the write-off of materials during registration in KUDiR is not recorded in any way. After all, the costs of materials are already taken into account when they are posted and paid for.

Example 3

Let's use the conditions of example 1. The task is to show how materials are accounted for when recording income minus expenses (reflected in KUDiR).

Solution

1. In June 2021, immediately after receipt and payment of 60% of the cost of materials, the amount of 144,000.00 will be reflected in KUDiR (in two lines):

• material costs in the amount of 120,000.00
• VAT on capitalized and paid materials in the amount of 24,000.00

1. In July 2021, after the final payment (another 40% of the cost of materials), the balance in the amount of 96,000.00 will also be reflected in KUDiR in two lines:

• material costs in the amount of 80,000.00
• VAT on capitalized and paid materials in the amount of 16,000.00

So, we have looked at the features of accounting for materials under the simplified tax system. If you still have questions, write them in the comments below. Also sign up for a new course on the simplified tax system

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Accounting for materials using the simplified tax system in 1C Accounting, 8th edition. 3.0, watch the video.

Accounting for materials under the simplified tax system

Results

Keeping accounting records under the simplified tax system is mandatory only for legal entities. If the legal entity applying the simplified tax system is a small business entity, it has the opportunity to use a simplified method of accounting and generate reporting in a simplified form. The selected accounting methods, the applied chart of accounts, forms of documents, reporting, the procedure for storing documents and many other aspects of the organization and maintenance of accounting are developed by the organization independently and approved in the accounting policy.

Sources:

• Federal Law of December 6, 2011 N 402-FZ “On Accounting”
• Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 21, 1998 N 64n
• Tax Code of the Russian Federation

You can find more complete information on the topic in ConsultantPlus. Free trial access to the system for 2 days.

How to simplify accounting

There are no specially developed standards for simplified accounting, but PBUs contain various simplified methods.

An organization can use either the available methods, or some of the specified methods, or keep records in full, that is, without reducing it.

To do this, the organization must assess how simplified accounting may affect its reporting.

One of the ways to simplify accounting is abbreviated reporting. The organization has the right to use it regardless of whether it uses other methods.

Today, starting in 2021, a new rule for choosing an accounting method applies to small businesses. If the standards do not contain an accounting method suitable for such organizations, then they have the right to choose a method based on the criterion of rationality. For example, based on accounting costs, as well as the significance of the data contained in the statements. The methods that a small enterprise chooses must be prescribed in the accounting policy.

Let's look at ways to simplify accounting:

• Reduce OS cost. It is beneficial to use this method for organizations on the general regime that pay property tax at the residual value. With this method, the value of assets will decrease, which means there will be a reduction in property taxes. You can take into account the cost of the OS at the seller's price, including installation costs. And the costs of consultation or the intermediary's remuneration should be written off in the period in which they arise. The chosen method will need to be applied from the beginning of the year, the initial cost of the fixed assets will need to be recalculated based on those assets that the company accepted for accounting in the current year. Since the value of assets will change, depreciation will have to be recalculated. Postings:

• Write off the full cost of expensive equipment. Since there is no need to calculate depreciation on inventory, this method is beneficial to all companies. Now inventory worth more than 40,000 rubles can be immediately written off when accepted for accounting. In this case, depreciation must be added to the price of the inventory; in addition, an OS-1 accounting card must be created for inventory of this value, since it is already an OS. It should be taken into account on account 01. Postings:

• Charge depreciation less frequently. This method is beneficial for those companies that do not pay property tax or calculate it based on the cadastral value. For fixed assets, depreciation can be calculated at your choice: on December 31, once a year, or monthly or quarterly (

Accounting for intangible assets (PBU 14/2007)

A small enterprise can recognize expenses for the acquisition (creation) of objects that meet the criteria of intangible assets as part of expenses for ordinary activities in the full amount as they are carried out (clause 3.1 of PBU 14/2007 “Accounting for intangible assets”). This simplified method does not imply the formation and reflection in the financial statements of the balance under the item “Intangible assets”.

When applying this simplified method of accounting, the recognition of these expenses is reflected in the debit of account 20 “Main production” (in the debit of other accounts for recording production costs - when using such accounts) and in the credit of accounts for accounting settlements with contractors, payroll personnel, etc.
EXAMPLE OF SIMPLIFIED ACCOUNTING OF INTANGIBLE ASSETS
A research bureau developed a new device, conducted successful tests and sent a patent application to Rospatent. The costs of creating the device were: - employee wages - 30,000 rubles; - insurance premiums - 9060 rubles; - material costs - 20,000 rubles; - state duty - 2,000 rubles. The accountant made the following entries:
DEBIT 20 CREDIT 70
- employees' wages were taken into account;
DEBIT 20 CREDIT 69
- insurance premiums accrued;
DEBIT 20 CREDIT 10
- material costs are taken into account;
DEBIT 20 CREDIT 60
- state duty is reflected in expenses.