The balance sheet currency in the balance sheet is...

balance currency

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The balance sheet is a reporting document of any organization as of a specific date. According to the law, it is mandatory to be compiled at the end of the year and sent to the regulatory authorities (tax office and statistics), but it can be compiled based on the results of the quarter for internal accounting. It has a form developed and approved by the Ministry of Finance (order No. 66n dated July 2, 2010). This form contains a certain number of lines, which absolutely cannot be deleted, however, if necessary, you can add the ones you need. Each line has its own code, which is also approved by the above order, for example, fixed assets are code 1150, financial investments are code 1170, accounts receivable are code 1230, etc. Balance sheet currency - line in the balance sheet 1600 in Asset and 1700 in Liability.

The form of the balance sheet itself is divided into two parts - Asset and Liability, characterizing the organization’s property from different sides. The asset displays the composition of the property in value terms - these are cash, real estate, securities and others, that is, what the company’s property consists of. The asset consists of current assets that participate in the daily life of the company - cash, accounts receivable, inventories, and so on, and non-current assets that participate in the life of the company and generate income over a longer period of time - more than a year.

Non-current assets include fixed assets, intangible assets, financial investments, etc. In Asset, the balance sheet currency is the sum of the company's current and non-current assets. Passive displays information about where the property came from, i.e. source of formation of the company's property. This can be equity or borrowed capital. Own capital includes authorized capital, reserve funds, retained earnings, etc. In Liability, the balance sheet currency is a combination of equity and borrowed funds.

Types of balance sheet changes

Every day, organizations carry out many business transactions that affect the amount of economic assets and the sources of their formation. Since the balance reflects the state of funds, each operation causes it to change.

Depending on the impact on the balance sheet, all business transactions are usually divided into four types:

1) change in balance sheet asset items;

2) changes in balance sheet liability items;

3) change in the asset and liability items of the balance sheet upward;

4) change in the asset and liability items of the balance sheet downwards.

Operations in which the balance sheet currency does not change are called permutations, and those in which it increases or decreases are called modifications. Permutations are divided into active and passive, modifications into positive and negative.

The first type of business transactions causes changes only in the balance sheet asset: one item in the asset increases, and the other decreases by the same amount.

Thus, business transactions of the first type cause a change only in the balance sheet asset; the total balance sheet (currency) does not change.

The first type of balance sheet changes can be written as:

A + X - X = P,

where A is an asset;

P - passive;

X - change in funds under the influence of business transactions.

The second type of business transactions causes changes only in the liability side of the balance sheet: one of its items increases and the other decreases by the same amount.

Thus, business transactions of the second type lead to changes only in the liabilities side of the balance sheet. The overall balance sheet remains unchanged.

The second type of balance sheet changes can be written as:

A = P + X - X.

This type includes operations to repay debt to a supplier using a bank loan, withholding taxes on income from the wages of workers and employees, using profits to create special-purpose funds, etc.

The third type of business transactions causes changes in the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet simultaneously upward by the same amount. They cause an increase in the item in both the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet, the totals of assets and liabilities increase, but equality between them remains. There is an increase in economic resources and their sources.

This type of balance sheet change is reflected by the equation:

A + X = P + X.

This type includes business transactions related to the receipt of fixed assets, the calculation of wages to workers and employees for the manufacture of products, the receipt of materials from suppliers, etc.

The fourth type of business transactions causes changes in the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet simultaneously towards a decrease. All transactions of this type cause a decrease in both the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet. The total assets and liabilities of the balance sheet are reduced by an equal amount. Equality between them remains.

This type of balance sheet change can be reflected by the equation:

A - X = P - X.

Balance is essential to the leadership and management of an organization. It reflects the state of funds in their generalized totality at a certain point in time, reveals the structure of funds and their sources in terms of types and groups, the proportion of each group, the relationship and interdependence between them

Balance sheet data is used to determine the most important indicators characterizing the organization’s activities and its financial condition. According to the balance sheet, shortcomings in work and financial condition, as well as their causes, are identified. Using balance, you can develop measures to eliminate them.

Balance sheet data makes it possible to monitor the correct use of funds for the intended purpose.

Thanks to its concise and compact form, the balance sheet is a very convenient document. It gives a complete and complete picture not only of the property status of the organization as of a certain date, but also of the changes that have occurred over a given period of time. The latter is achieved by comparing balance sheets for a number of reporting periods.

Balance sheet currency in financial statements

Let's look at what the balance sheet currency is in the balance sheet in more detail.

The balance sheet currency is the total indicator of two large sections of the balance sheet, Assets and Liabilities. It is calculated in a simple way. If we are talking about the balance sheet currency for an Asset, then we need to add up its sections - “Total” for section 1 and “Total” for section 2. When we talk about the balance sheet currency for a Liability, then we add up the “Total” for 3, 4 and 5 sections, that is, the financial result of these sections. An important point is that the balance sheet currency for assets and liabilities must always be equal, otherwise it is unacceptable, since the balance sheet is maintained using double entry.

The balance sheet currency can change either up or down, which may indicate negative or positive trends in business activity. When there is an increase in the amount of the balance sheet currency, this may indicate an expansion of the business, an increase in sales, or perhaps there was a revaluation of fixed assets. Inflation also affects the balance sheet currency, as the cost of raw materials and products becomes higher. To get more specific information, you need to look at the balance in more detail.

And if suddenly the balance sheet currency decreases, then you need to think about whether this negative signal indicates a decrease in the rate of production, a business decline, which is due to the unfavorable economic situation in the country and in the world, or there are errors in the management of the enterprise. When the balance sheet currency decreases, the company's solvency decreases. It is necessary to conduct a horizontal or vertical analysis of the balance sheet, look at changes item by item, calculate liquidity ratios and understand the reasons for the decrease in the balance sheet currency.

Analysis of balance sheet currency dynamics

A general assessment of the financial condition of the enterprise is carried out on the basis of the balance sheet (form No. 1). The total of assets and liabilities is called the balance sheet currency.

It must be emphasized that Western firms arrange their assets according to decreasing degrees of liquidity. At Russian enterprises, on the contrary, in increasing order: intangible assets, fixed assets and other non-current assets, inventories, accounts receivable, short-term financial investments and cash.

Liabilities for Western firms are shown in ascending order of maturity: short-term liabilities, long-term liabilities, share capital and retained earnings. At Russian enterprises, liabilities are arranged according to decreasing maturity dates: capital and reserves, long-term liabilities, short-term liabilities. However, in any case, the main accounting equation is observed:

Asset = Liability or Asset = Liabilities + Capital and reserves

The formula shows that each monetary unit invested in the assets of an enterprise is provided by creditors or its owners (proprietors) and is invested in a certain type of asset.

For a financial manager, the fundamental point is to separate out the items of invested capital and accumulated profit as part of equity capital (Section III), which helps to better manage its structure. Invested capital is the capital invested by the owners of the enterprise: authorized capital, additional capital, social fund, targeted financing and revenues. Accumulated profit is the profit that an enterprise has received over a number of years: retained earnings from previous years and the reporting year, reserve capital formed from net profit. Therefore, the basic balance equation can be represented as follows:

Asset = Liabilities + Invested capital + Accumulated profit

In practice, the following methods are used: spatial (horizontal) and structural (vertical) balance analysis. Its content and sequence are presented in Fig. 3.1.

For greater clarity, it is recommended to draw up a consolidated balance sheet by combining similar items into groups.

A preliminary assessment of the financial condition can be obtained based on identifying “unfavorable” balance sheet items, which can be conditionally divided into two groups:

1. characterizing the unsatisfactory performance of the enterprise in the reporting period, which led to an unstable financial position (uncovered losses of previous years and the reporting year);
2. indicating certain shortcomings in the activities of the enterprise.

Such items are identified according to the data in the appendix to the balance sheet (form No. 5) and analytical accounting. For example, long-term loans and borrowings, including those not repaid on time; short-term loans and borrowings, including those not repaid on time; accounts receivable, including overdue ones; accounts payable, including overdue ones.

An increase in the balance sheet currency indicates an expansion in the volume of economic activity of the enterprise. When examining the reasons for the increase in the balance sheet currency, it is necessary to take into account the impact of revaluation of fixed assets, inflationary processes (their impact on the state of inventories), lengthening the terms of settlements with debtors and creditors, etc. The reasons for the insolvency of an enterprise in the context of expanding production (household turnover) should be sought in irrational financial , investment, pricing and marketing policies.

A decrease (in absolute terms) in the balance sheet currency in the reporting period indicates a decrease in economic turnover (business activity), which can lead to the insolvency of the enterprise. This circumstance may be associated with a reduction in the effective demand of buyers for goods, works and services; restriction of access to markets for necessary raw materials, materials, and energy resources; inclusion of subsidiaries and dependent companies in the economic turnover instead of the parent company, etc. Based on the reasons that influenced the decrease in the economic turnover of the enterprise, we can recommend various ways to bring it out of the state of insolvency.

To obtain more visual information, it is also advisable to compare the reported balance sheet of assets and liabilities with the forecast balance sheet (budget on the balance sheet).

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In order to objectively assess the financial position of an enterprise, it is advisable to compare over a number of periods (years, quarters) changes in the average value of property with changes in the financial results of the enterprise’s economic activities in Form No. 2 (revenue from sales of products and profits). The property growth rate is determined by the formula:

Kpi = (I1 – I0) / I0

where I1,I0 – the average value of property (assets) for the reporting and base periods.

The growth rate of revenue from sales of products, goods, works, services (KVR) is established by the formula:

Kpvr = (BP1 – BP0) /BP0

where BP1, BP0 – sales revenue for the reporting and base periods. The profit growth rate is determined by the formula:

Gearbox = (P1 – P0) / P0

where P1, P0 – profit from ordinary activities (before tax) – accounting profit for the reporting and base periods.

If the KPVR and KPP are higher than the KPI, then this indicates an improvement in the use of the enterprise’s economic assets compared to the previous period, and vice versa.

In table 3.2 we present a comparison of the indicated indicators for an open joint-stock company (OJSC), the reporting data for which is presented in Appendices 1–2.

The coefficients given in the table indicate a favorable ratio for the growth of these indicators for the joint-stock company.

Along with changing the balance sheet currency, it is advisable to study the nature of the dynamics of its individual items, that is, to carry out horizontal (temporal) and vertical (structural) analysis.

Which lines to look at the balance sheet currency

Let us remind you that the current form of the balance sheet (Form 1) was approved by the Ministry of Finance by order No. 66n dated 07/02/10 (as amended on 04/06/15). In Appendix 4 to this order, the balance sheet currency in Form 1 is indicated in the lines of two sections:

• line 1600 - for assets;
• line 1700 - for liabilities.

Balance currency: formula, calculation

To calculate the balance sheet currency by assets (p. 1600), you need to sum up all active sections of the balance sheet and then add them up. The formula is as follows:

Page 1600 = page 1100 + 1200, where:

• line 1100 (non-current assets) = 1110 + 1120 + 1130 + 1140 + 1160 + 1170 + 1180 + 1190
• line 1200 (current assets) = 1210 + 1220 + 1230 + 1240 + 1250 + 1260

The balance sheet currency in liabilities (line 1700) is equal to the sum of capital and reserves, long-term and short-term liabilities. Formula:

Page 1700 = 1300 + 1400 + 1500, where

• line 1300 (capitals and reserves) = line 1310 + 1320 + 1340 + 1350 + 1360 + 1370
• line 1400 (long-term liabilities) = line 1410 + 1420 + 1450
• line 1500 (current liabilities) = line 1510 + 1520 + 1530 + 1540 + 1550

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The balance sheet currency in assets must be equal to the balance sheet currency in liabilities. In the language of the chief accountants, this means that “the balance is correct.” Different values, even for a penny, indicate that there is an error in the accounting of transactions and the report is not drawn up correctly.

What does it mean to increase or decrease the balance sheet currency?

Negative dynamics of the balance sheet currency are always interpreted as a negative event. A decrease in the indicator compared to previous periods may indicate, for example, a decrease in the company’s business activity or a depreciation of its assets.

If the balance sheet currency grows, this means that the organization’s assets are increasing and the company is developing. The event is positive. But an increase in the indicator may also indicate growing problems in the company if, for example, assets are growing due to overdue accounts receivable or overstocking of the warehouse. This means that the company's turnover is decreasing. As for liabilities, they can increase due to an increase in borrowed funds. This means that the organization is not able to provide its own financing.

What does an increase indicate and what does a decrease in the balance sheet currency indicate?

A decrease in the balance sheet currency is a demonstration that both the assets and liabilities of the enterprise have decreased. This could mean a decline in business activity, impairment losses, or withdrawal of funds by owners (investors). This fact can be considered as a negative event.

An increase in the balance sheet currency is evidence that the company’s assets are increasing, and along with them, liabilities are also increasing. In itself, this phenomenon can be considered as positive. But here we cannot do without additional analysis of the structure of the increased balance sheet items.

For example, if assets are growing due to outstanding accounts receivable or overstocking of warehouses, this may be a sign of a decrease in turnover. An increase in liabilities due to an increase in borrowed funds above the optimal value for a given enterprise is also a bad sign. This means that the enterprise cannot finance its activities from its own funds and is financially dependent on external sources.

For more information on how to calculate and interpret balance sheet turnover and equity ratios, read the articles:

• “Asset turnover - balance sheet formula (nuances)”;
• “Inventory coverage ratio with own funds.”

Mandatory audit for companies depending on balance sheet currency in 2021

Currently, companies with a balance sheet value of more than 60 million rubles are audited. (Clause 1, Article 5 of the Federal Law of December 30, 2008 No. 307-FZ). But according to the plans, organizations with a balance sheet currency of 200, and then 400 million rubles will undergo a mandatory audit. The audit will be carried out only by audit organizations; individual auditors will not be allowed to do this.

The State Duma adopted the corresponding bill in the first reading. The second reading was postponed. The editors of the UNP newspaper are monitoring the changes and will tell you when the law is adopted.

Balance sheet currency for statutory audit

If your company requires an accounting audit, you will need to create a statement of integrity. Without this document, the auditor will refuse to audit (clause 20 of International Standard on Auditing 580).

The application will be requested from the manager. He is considered to have sufficient knowledge of the company's reporting to make a claim of good faith. Otherwise, the auditor will recommend that the director consult with employees who are competent in the accounting and affairs of the company. For example, with the chief accountant or lawyer. Then in the application it is necessary to add that the director made all the requests before responding to the auditor. In this case, written explanations from employees are not required. For a ready-made example of such a statement, see the link.

Balance sheet currency is...

Recall that the balance sheet consists of two parts - assets and liabilities. We talked in more detail about the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet in the independent consultation. But the total amount of each of these parts, i.e. the total of an asset or the total of a liability, is called the balance sheet currency. In this case, of course, the balance sheet currencies for assets and liabilities are equal to each other. This equality is ensured through the application of the double entry principle.

In relation to the form of the balance sheet approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated July 2, 2010 No. 66n, the balance sheet currency is the total amount on line 1600 “Balance” or on line 1700 “Balance”:

Balance currency = Line 1600 = Line 1700

The balance sheet currency is also often referred to simply as the “balance sheet total.”

The balance sheet currency indicator is not only used as an indicator of the correctness of the reporting form, but is also used for analysis purposes. The balance sheet currency can be studied both in dynamics and in structure, i.e., horizontal and vertical analysis of the balance sheet can be carried out.

Special financial ratios can also be calculated. For example, the degree of independence of an organization from creditors, i.e., the autonomy coefficient (KA) is defined as the ratio of equity capital (SC) to the balance sheet currency (B):

In relation to the form of the balance sheet, this ratio can be presented as follows:

KA = Line 1300 / Line 1600 (or 1700)

Similarly, using the balance sheet currency indicator, for example, the financial stability coefficient (FSF) is calculated:

KFU = (Line 1300 + Line 1400) / Line 1600 (or 1700)

This ratio shows the extent to which the organization's assets are formed from its own funds and long-term liabilities.

An example of using different balancing approaches

Let's look at how the gross and net approaches differ using the example of one article.
The balance sheet item “Fixed assets” is characterized by the following accounts:

• 01 “Fixed assets” - initial cost of objects (main item) - debit balance;
• 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets” - the amount of accumulated depreciation (contrary item) - credit balance.

The gross approach implies the following distribution of items:

The net approach reflects articles differently:

The net balance currency will always be less than the gross balance currency, since it shows the real value of the enterprise’s property as of the reporting date

This is important for owners, potential investors and analysts to take into account, because unscrupulous counterparties can artificially inflate the value of the company by using the gross method, especially in preliminary or internal reporting forms

Tip: Before completing the balance sheet, identify the items that require cost adjustments. Find counter-accounts to them. Please note that all lines in the asset must be filled out according to the residual value principle. In liabilities, some items are formed at a pre-adjusted cost. But the amount of the counter item “Own shares purchased from shareholders” is indicated in brackets. When calculating the total amount for Section III, its value is taken into account with a “‒” sign.

How to determine the balance currency

Transactions affecting the value of the balance sheet currency

List of used literature

The activities of organizations consist of a number of processes representing the movement of economic funds and property in various forms. In turn, each process consists of many operations, which are separate moments of the movement of economic assets.

Each business transaction occurring in an organization changes either the size of the property, or the size of the sources of its formation, or at the same time both the size of the property and its sources of formation. In this case, changes can be either upward or downward; the balance sheet currency also changes.

Since the balance reflects the state of funds, each operation will affect the balance and change any of its items. Therefore, in the process of economic activity, there is a constant and continuous change in balance sheet items, which ultimately leads to a change in the totals of sections and totals of both assets and liabilities.

To do this, you need to look at the impact of individual transactions on the balance sheet.

The work consists of an introduction, main part and bibliography.

Tip 3: How to calculate physical balance

To determine physical equilibrium, an economic table is compiled into which data is entered describing the production and distribution of the main types of products in natural form. The calculation of this indicator allows for a review and drawing up plans of natural-material relationships for assessing national capital.

1. Decide in what form the physical balance will be calculated. It can be compiled for a certain period of time, up to an hour, or for the volume of output. One production direction or the total capacity of the enterprise can also be used.2. Develop a diagram that will reflect all indicators of physical balance in incoming and outgoing flows. Be sure to note the different stages of the production cycle that affect the quality and quantity of all process flows.3. Enter quality and quantitative indicators into the appropriate table. If the physical balance is calculated for a small enterprise, then it is possible to stop collecting information at this stage. Otherwise, develop a document that will contain all the data about the plan or new production. If the equilibrium is determined for existing production, then use the values ​​obtained during production for the final year before drawing up this report.4. Take as initial values ​​when calculating physical balance the indicators that were specified in the organization’s annual efficiency plan for incoming materials or for the finished product. This calculation must be converted into hourly productivity. In this case, be sure to take into account the number of working days per year, the number of shifts per day and the duration of the shift. Be sure to exclude from the calculation the days during which modernization, maintenance or repair of equipment occurred.5. To calculate physical equilibrium, use a flowchart that takes into account input and output quantities of product production, stoichiometric indicators, utilization indicators, losses of manufactured products and standards for output flows. Analyze the results obtained to make plans.

Transactions affecting the value of the balance sheet currency

The term BALANCE is of Latin origin. Literally: bis - twice, lanz - scales, i.e. double scales as a symbol of balance.

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The balance sheet reflects the assets of the enterprise in two aspects: on the one hand, according to their composition and functional role, on the other hand, according to the sources of formation and intended purpose.

All property is grouped and summarized in the balance sheet in a single monetary measure. In order to show the state of assets, the balance sheet is compiled at a certain point, usually on the first day of the month (quarter). Since the balance sheet only shows the state of assets, the balance sheet does not characterize the movement and use of funds.

Currency account - asset or liability on the balance sheet

Cash in foreign currency is reflected in active account 52 “Currency accounts”. Analytics is carried out on sub-accounts provided for in the working chart of accounts and accounting policies for each open account.

In accounting, currency is always shown in ruble equivalent. According to the requirements of PBU 3/2006 (clause 7), conversion into national currency is carried out:

• immediately after completing a foreign exchange transaction or operation in order to record this movement in accounting;
• when preparing reports, so that the final documentation shows up-to-date information;
• when the official exchange rate changes to comply with the principle of reliability and objectivity of accounting.

A foreign exchange account is an asset on the balance sheet. For an enterprise, cash expressed in rubles, foreign currency or monetary documents is an element of working capital, which is shown in the reporting as part of assets (the second section of the balance sheet).

Balance currency: line in the balance sheet

These matches are obtained from current accounting data.

However, indicators about the state of property and its sources, grouped in a certain order and contained in the balance sheet, are very important for making the right management decisions.

Thus, the balance sheet is a way of grouping and summarizing assets in monetary terms as of a certain date.

The two-sided balance sheet graphically shows:

- on the left side, the state of the property in the sequence of the corresponding functional role of its components, based on the degree of liquidity and the nature of the participation of economic assets in the reproduction process - this is a balance sheet asset

(from Latin aktivus - active).

- sources of property are reflected on the right side of the balance sheet - liabilities (

passivus - passive, opposite to active). Liability shows the equity capital, as well as the totality of debts and obligations of an economic entity in order of increasing withdrawal of funds.

Each individual type of funds in an asset or liability is called a balance sheet item; certain balance sheet items are combined into sections. The total of the balance sheet asset at the beginning of the year and the end of the reporting period is equal to the total of its liability.

The total value of the balance sheet is called the balance sheet currency.

Equality of results is of great control value. It is one of the means of checking accounts; its absence indicates errors in the records.

All business transactions affect the balance sheet currency. This leads to a change in both the value of asset items and liability items, or both at the same time. With all its diversity, the list of changes comes down to four types of changes in the balance sheet currency.

Graphic changes in balance sheet items.

The balance currency balance is maintained for any business transaction. Therefore, as a result of business operations, the composition and placement of economic assets, the sources of their formation and their intended purpose may change. The content of the balance sheet is constantly changing.

— an arrow pointing down (↓) indicates a decrease in funds;

— arrow pointing up (↑) — increase in funds;

- total balance sheet asset A; balance sheet liability total P; And - changes occurring in the balance sheet under the influence of a business transaction;

— 1, 2, 3, 4 — digital indices corresponding to the type of operations.

1 type of business transactions

assumes that as a result of a business transaction, asset items on the balance sheet change. In this case, one increases, the other decreases, but the balance sheet currency does not change. The impact of business transactions of the first type can be expressed as the following formula:

2 type of business transactions

assumes that as a result of a business transaction, liability items on the balance sheet change. In this case, one item increases, another decreases, but the balance sheet currency does not change. The impact of a business transaction of the second type can be written as the following formula:

3 type of business transactions

assumes that as a result of a business transaction, the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet change upward. At the same time, the asset item increases and, on the other hand, the liability item, and the balance sheet currency also increases by the amount of the business transaction. The impact of a business transaction of the third type on the balance sheet can be written as the following formula:

4 type of business transactions

assumes that as a result of a business transaction, the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet change downwards. At the same time, the asset item is reduced and, on the other hand, the liability item is reduced, and the balance sheet currency is also reduced by the amount of the business transaction. The impact of a fourth type of business transaction on the balance sheet can be expressed as the following formula:

As can be seen from the above formulas, the equality of the currency of the asset and liability of the balance sheet is preserved under the influence of any type of business transaction.

These formulas are of great importance not only for reflecting the influence of various types of business transactions on the balance sheet, but also for the organization of accounting and analysis of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise, assessment of its financial and property status in the conditions of using various computer equipment.

It should be borne in mind that both the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet represent the sum of all their constituent items, each of which has a corresponding code, based on the standard approved reporting, and each of the items, depending on its economic content and the stated purpose, can be represented as a mathematical formula.

Thus, operations affecting the balance sheet can be reduced to four types:

Causing changes within a balance sheet asset - movement

;

Causing changes within the liability side of the balance sheet - changing the intended purpose

;

Causing a downward change in the total balance sheet assets and liabilities - withdrawal

;

Causing changes in the overall totals of assets and liabilities in the direction of increase - investment

.

Each of the operations affects and changes only two articles and at the same time by the same amount, i.e. Balance sheet equality is maintained after each operation.

Let's consider the impact of business transactions on changes in the balance sheet currency, using the example of a simplified balance sheet.

2 type of business transactions.

For example: Personal income tax was withheld from staff salaries in the amount of 4,000 rubles. As a result of the operation, the balance sheet takes the following form:

3 type of business transactions

. For example: According to the invoice, materials worth 1000 rubles were received from suppliers. As a result of the operation, the balance sheet takes the following form:

Tip 2: How to check currency

Only a deliberately trained bank colleague can check a banknote for authenticity as competently as possible. But ordinary citizens also need to have basic skills in detecting counterfeit banknotes.

1. Familiarize yourself with the authenticity marks of banknotes. For this purpose, use only formal sites, since on other sites the information may be deliberately distorted by counterfeiters in their own interests. Below are the addresses of such documents outlining the signs of authenticity of rubles, US dollars and euros: https://cbr.ru/bank-notes_coins/bank-notes/https://www.newmoney.gov/newmoney/files/100_Materials/100_MultinoteBookle… https://www.ecb.int/euro/banknotes/security/html/index.en.html2. Buy a device to determine the authenticity of banknotes: ultraviolet, magnetic, infrared, translucent. Some of them are composite and, taking up less space on the table, replace several devices at once. Particularly widespread are devices that combine the functions of ultraviolet, magnetic and transmission detectors. They are much more comfortable to use if they have built-in lenses and rulers. But such a device should strictly be supplemented with another separate one - infrared.3. Use two switches to control the combined instrument panel. One of them, located on the back of the main unit, turns on the power to the device, and the magnetic sensor, if present, also starts working. The second one, located on the lampshade with ultraviolet lamps, allows you to select a mode: ultraviolet (UV) or transmission (PE) testing.4

When checking a banknote with ultraviolet light, first pay attention to the glow of the paper. It should not be there at all (compare with ordinary office paper, which glows clearly blue under the detector lamp)

However, if it is there, this does not mean that the bill is counterfeit - it absolutely could have ended up in the washing machine with the trousers, and the bleach from the powder was transferred to it. To obtain an accurate answer to the question of whether the banknote is reliable, contact the bank. But those areas that, according to official documents, are covered with phosphor must glow, and both the color and the shape of the luminous pattern must fully correspond to the exemplary ones. If, in addition to the official ones, there are third-party luminous marks, the bill may be marked and was previously used during an operation to capture criminals. In this case, it won’t hurt to check it with an ordinary dosimeter, since occasionally during such operations banknotes are marked not only with phosphors, but also with radioactive substances.5. When checking against light, the watermarks should be clearly visible. Pay attention to the correspondence of their shape and location to those shown in official documents. The method of acquiring watermarks has long been not a secret, but the work of counterfeiters is made difficult by the fact that the special drum needed to acquire them is very large in size and cost.6. To check a banknote with an infrared detector, place it under the illuminator and camera, and monitor the image on the monitor. Compare the shape and location of the infrared marks with the reference ones.7. To check for noticeable magnetic stripes, run the corresponding section of the bill across the magnetic head of the device. There should be a sound accompanied by LED flashes. Also make sure there are no magnetic stripes where there shouldn't be.8. Make sure that the sizes of the banknote and its individual elements correspond to the official ones using the ruler built into the unit.9. Do not forget about those signs by which a banknote can be checked without instruments (crunching paper, diving threads, paint that changes color depending on the viewing angle, etc.). Always check their presence and compliance with those described in official documents, even if the devices are present. If you have any doubts about the authenticity of a banknote, contact your bank.

Tags: asset, balance sheet, accountant, currency, balance sheet currency, currency, borrowed, capital, coefficient, loan, tax, order, formula

How to calculate balance currency

Advice from an Expert - Financial Consultant

Photo on the topic The balance sheet currency determines the total amount of the organization's economic obligations to counterparties arising at the end of the reporting period. This indicator is present in both the active and passive parts of the financial statements. In this regard, to calculate the balance sheet currency, you must first fill out the Balance Sheet in Form No. 1. Just follow these simple step-by-step tips and you will be on the right track when solving your financial issues.

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How to determine the balance sheet currency - balance sheet currency, active part, passive part... 01/04/2012

Quick step by step guide

So, let's look at the actions that need to be taken.

Step - 1 Enter data in section 1 of the Balance Sheet, which is dedicated to non-current assets. It contains information on balances of intangible assets (line 110), fixed assets (line 120), construction in progress (line 130), profitable investments in tangible assets (line 135), long-term financial assets (line 140), deferred financial assets (line 145) and other non-current assets (line 150). In this case, the calculation is carried out according to the debit and credit of the corresponding accounts at the beginning and end of the reporting period, taking into account depreciation charges. Summarize the total for section 1 and enter the resulting value in line 190. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

How to fill out a company’s balance sheet - balance sheet, balance sheet sections, balance sheet lines, ...

Personal visit

Of course, no one forbids you to simply go to the bank and ask the clerk to tell you about the current balance. You will only need to have your passport with you. A copy of the loan agreement is kept in the bank, so there is no need to carry it with you.

Of course, the third option is the longest, but if you have already gone this route, at the same time take your login and password for online banking.

In the future, it will be more convenient to find out the remaining debt on your loan using option number 1.

If you are interested in how to find out the balance of the loan debt using annuity scheme calculations, you can read the article on drawing up a payment schedule.

Balance currency

Step - 3 Calculate the balance sheet currency of the enterprise based on the assets and enter its value in line 300 of the financial statements. To do this, you need to sum up the values ​​of line 190 and line 290. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 4 Check the accuracy of the calculations by filling out the liability part of the balance. Complete Section 3 “Capital and Reserves”, Section 4 “Pre-term Liabilities”, Section 5 “Current Liabilities”. Add up the appropriate totals for the sections and enter the resulting amounts in lines 490, 590 and 690. Next, proceed to the next step of the recommendation.

How to fill out a report on the intended use of funds received - balance as of... 01/18/2012

Step - 5 Sum up the obtained values ​​and enter in line 700, which should coincide with the amount indicated in line 300. Otherwise, check the entered data in the reporting and correct errors. Equality of the amounts will indicate that the calculation of the balance sheet currency was performed correctly. We hope the answer to the question - How to calculate the balance sheet currency - contained useful information for you. Good luck to you! To find the answer to your question, use the form - Site Search.

Key tags: Finance

How to determine the balance currency

Advice from an Expert - Financial Consultant

Photo on the topic Determining the balance sheet currency allows you to characterize the volume of economic obligations of the enterprise that arose as of the reporting date. This indicator is the monetary expression of the financial and property status of the company and is determined on the basis of the balance sheet. Just follow these simple step-by-step tips and you will be on the right track when solving your financial issues.

Quick step by step guide

So, let's look at the actions that need to be taken.

How to calculate balance sheet currency - balance sheet currency, balance sheet, report... 01/04/2012

Step - 1 Enter the data in the balance sheet using the accounting accounts. To prepare the indicators, take the difference between the corresponding accounts at the beginning and end of the reporting period, minus depreciation charges, if any. If the balance is positive, then the value is entered as a credit to the table, and if it is negative, then as a debit. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

Step - 2 Fill in the active part of the balance sheet. Section 1 “Non-current assets” contains information on the balances of all assets of the enterprise that have a useful life of more than one year, including fixed assets, intangible assets and other long-term indicators. Next, move on to the next step of the recommendation.

How to build a balance sheet - balance sheet, balance sheet asset, balance sheet liability 01/03/2012

Step - 3 Calculate the total for this section and enter it in line 190 of the balance sheet. In section 2 “Current assets”, enter the balance of assets that were sold, consumed or converted into money during the year.