Excise tax and VAT: what do they have in common, who pays them and in what form in 2021

Excise taxes and VAT are one of the key concepts both for economists dealing with the peculiarities of taxation and for entrepreneurs trying to survive in conditions of strong market competition in our country. These words frighten many, while others cause a storm of discontent - “Once again the state is taking away the last of their money!” However, it is difficult to argue that taxation in its existing form, having many sharp edges, is still effective - the rates are not as high as in many powers, and the return allows everyone to feel social security at the expense of the state and its “financial cushion”.

Excise taxes: what is it and why?

When talking about excise taxes and VAT, to simplify the situation, it is better to consider each type of surcharge separately. This avoids confusion of concepts. However, we must also remember that these two varieties have a lot in common. Thus, VAT, excise taxes, and income tax are indirect taxation. This term means the following fact: the premium is added to the cost of the goods, which the buyer will have to pay. This is a categorical difference from direct taxes, the payment of which is more “transparent”, obvious and falls on the seller, manufacturer, and employer.

At the same time, excise taxes have a narrow scope of application, which is why they stand out against the background of VAT. They can be applied only to certain groups of products manufactured abroad or in their home country, but cannot be extended to services and works. Typically, excise duty and VAT are calculated individually for each group of excisable goods. This approach ensures the most fair and cost-effective result of the taxation system.

Excise taxes and VAT as indirect taxes

Indirect taxes include VAT and excise tax, which serve as the most important component of generating state budget revenues. The legal basis for the collection of these taxes is set out in:

• Part 1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation;
• Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 147 of July 31, 1998 “On the introduction into force of Part 1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation”;
• Law “On the Fundamentals of the Tax System in the Russian Federation” (December 27, 1997);
• Law “On Value Added Tax” dated December 6, 1991.

Both taxes are federal and their application on the territory of the Russian Federation is mandatory.

Excise tax takes the form of a price premium. It is a reliable source of profit for any state with a market economy. Excise taxes are characterized by the fact that they are applied only to certain categories of goods that are not essential items and have a high level of profitability.

• Therefore, the main purpose of this type of tax is to transfer excess profits from the sale of highly profitable products to the state treasury.
• Another important function of the excise tax is that it serves as a kind of means of limiting the consumption of excisable products.

If it were not for the high excise tax, such goods would be sold at a much lower price and would be available to a wider segment of the population. This applies to goods such as alcoholic beverages, beer, and tobacco products.

VAT is the withdrawal to the state treasury of a certain part of the surplus value of goods and services in accordance with tax rates. VAT is a broad-based tax. It was introduced relatively recently. The rate of this tax is 18/118. Excise goods are taxed 2 times: first - excise tax, then VAT. In this case, VAT is charged not only on the initial cost of the goods, but also on the excise tax.

Excise tax: difference from VAT

Although the tax bases for VAT and excise taxes are quite similar in structure, there are some important differences. Excise tax is charged and collected only once during the entire life cycle of the product. Tax accrual occurs at one stage of product promotion, most often the initial stage, that is, at the moment when the product is released by the manufacturer to the first (probably wholesale) buyer.

When a product is resold, no additional contributions are required under the excise tax program, since the funds have already been sent to the budget. The manufacturer includes excise taxes and VAT in the selling price, which means that in the future these values ​​are only an element of the price. At the same time, the one-time deduction of this amount makes excise taxes much more friendly for enterprises and buyers than VAT, which over and over again adds to the price of the product and ultimately falls on the end consumer. How big it will be is determined by the length of the chain of resellers. In many ways, this difference in the accrual logic is the main difference that is important for accounting for VAT and excise taxes, which is maintained by the company’s accounting department.

Accounting for excise taxes when calculating value added tax

There are some features of taxation, the procedure for calculating and the timing of payment of indirect fees. What sellers are not included in the list of persons exempt from paying taxes are those who sell excisable products.

When persons have the right not to pay VAT:

• A simplified taxation system is in effect.
• Income from sales over the last 3 months is less than 2 million rubles.

This rule does not apply to persons who sell these goods. If a person has an exemption, it can be revoked when selling excisable goods. This fee may apply to domestic goods and imported products.

The object of taxation when determining VAT will be the amount of excise tax, customs value, and duty. When paying contributions, excise taxes and duties are not included if the manufacturer is exempt from these fees.

Excise taxes: present and future

The specified specificity of the calculation of excise taxes and VAT makes obvious the relationship between the taxation system and inflation. If an increase in the volume of VAT with each transaction on a product only stimulates inflationary growth, then the regularity and one-time nature of excise taxes allows us to minimize the increase in the cost of the product and make the market more stable.

At the same time, excise taxes, VAT, and customs duties cannot be completely eliminated, even if, with an idealistic view of economic sciences, it seems that this is the best way to eliminate inflation. It is these taxes that help fill the state budget and also ensure an influx of funds into the budgets of the country’s constituent entities.

How do they relate?

• VAT refers to multi-stage taxes that are levied at different stages of the sale of goods and services. It applies only to part of the value of the goods, and the excise tax applies to its entire value.
• The excise tax is paid to the budget at the initial stage by the manufacturer of the goods 1 time and is no longer levied, but the consumer actually pays it out of his own pocket. The excise tax amount becomes an integral part of the cost of the goods. The one-time payment advantageously distinguishes excise taxes from VAT, as this helps curb inflation processes.

Compared to excise tax, VAT has a wider scope of application. The excise tax is aimed at a rather narrow list of goods and does not apply to the services and work sector. Excise taxation is individual in nature and applies to certain types of excisable goods.

VAT and excise duty have several common properties:

• They influence an increase or decrease in the production of certain goods.
• They are a tool for regulating prices.
• Affect the income and expenses of certain segments of the population.
• They serve as an effective means of replenishing the state budget.

Stability: will it happen?

Every year, analytics are generated that reflect how high the payment of VAT and excise tax was during the reporting period in each individual subject and for the state as a whole. If you look at the data for the last few years, you will notice that the fluctuations in indicators are significant. Consequently, it is difficult to predict the significance of the excise surcharge for the federal and territorial budgets in the future. There are known years when only 3.6% of the total amount came to the country’s budget through excise taxes, and in other reporting periods this figure increased to 15%.

Speaking about the fiscal significance of this element of the taxation system, it is important to note that without taking into account excise taxes and VAT, it is impossible to draw correct conclusions about the importance for the country’s budget of the sale of excisable products against the background of the total volumes of all trade operations in the state. Correct tax accounting allows you to identify the percentage of excise taxes from other tax deductions directed to the consolidated state budget. This value depends on the established excise taxes and preferential programs, inflation and the characteristics of the objects on which taxes are charged. Correct use of information obtained from such analytics makes it possible to adjust the calculation of VAT, excise taxes, income tax, and personal income tax in such a way that, with sufficiently large contributions to the budget, enterprises can operate profitably.

Budget payments, taxes and fees

Accounting for value added tax calculations.

To reflect in the accounting of business transactions related to VAT, accounts 19 “Value added tax on acquired assets” and 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, subaccount “Calculations for value added tax” are intended.

Account 19 has the following subaccounts:

• 19-1 “Value added tax on the acquisition of fixed assets”;
• 19-2 “Value added tax on acquired intangible assets”;
• 19-3 “Value added tax on purchased inventories.”

In the debit of account 19 for the corresponding subaccounts, the customer organization reflects the tax amounts on purchased material resources, fixed assets, intangible assets in correspondence with the credit of accounts 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”, 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”, etc.

For fixed assets, intangible assets and inventories, after they are registered, the amount of VAT recorded on account 19 is written off from the credit of this account depending on the direction of use of the acquired objects to the debit of the accounts:

• 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” - for production use; accounting for sources of covering costs for non-productive needs (29, 91, 86) - when used for non-productive needs;
• 91 “Other income and expenses” - when selling this property.

Tax amounts on fixed assets, intangible assets, other property, as well as on goods and material resources (work, services) to be used in the manufacture of products and operations exempt from tax are written off as a debit to production cost accounts (20 “Basic production", 23 "Auxiliary production", etc.), and for fixed assets and intangible assets - taken into account along with the costs of their acquisition.

When selling products or other property, the calculated tax amount is reflected in the debit of accounts 9012021087 “Sales” and 91 “Other income and expenses” and the credit of account 68, subaccount “Calculations for value added tax” (for sales “on shipment”), or 76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors” (when selling “on payment”). When using account 76, the amount of VAT as a debt to the budget will be accrued after the buyer pays for the products (debit account 76, credit account 68). Repayment of debt to the budget for VAT is reflected in the debit of account 68 and the credit of cash accounting accounts.

Accounting for excise taxes, income taxes, property taxes and personal income taxes

Excise tax accounting is carried out basically in the same way as VAT accounting using accounts 19 and 68.

When calculating income tax, account 99 “Profits and losses” is debited and account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” is credited. Tax penalties due are recorded in the same accounting entry. The listed amounts of tax payments are written off from the current account or other similar accounts to the debit of account 68.

Accounting for personal income tax. The procedure for calculating and paying this tax is discussed in Chapter 12, and the procedure for accounting for the unified social tax is also set out there (see clause 12.8).

Property tax accounting. Accounting for settlements of organizations with the budget for corporate property tax is kept on account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, in the subaccount “Calculations for property tax”.

The accrued tax amount is reflected in the credit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” and the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses”. The transfer of the amount of property tax to the budget is reflected in accounting as the debit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees” and the credit of account 51 “Current account”.

Sales tax accounting.

Sales tax is calculated using the following accounting entry:

Debit account 90 “Sales” | Credit to account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, | subaccount “Sales tax calculations” |

The transfer of sales tax to the budget is reflected in the debit of account 68 from the credit of cash accounting accounts.

Transport tax accounting.

This tax was introduced on January 1, 2003. It replaced the tax on vehicle owners, the tax on road users, as well as the property tax on individuals regarding vehicles.

Payers of transport tax are organizations and individuals on whom vehicles that are subject to taxation are registered.

Tax rates are established by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation depending on the engine power or gross tonnage of vehicles, the category of vehicles per one horsepower of the engine of the vehicle, one registered ton of the vehicle or unit of the vehicle based on the rates established by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Transport tax payments are included by the payer in the cost of products (works, services). Tax accrual is reflected in the debit of accounts 26 “General business expenses”, 44 “Sales expenses”, etc. and the credit of account 68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”, subaccount “Calculations for tax on highway users”.

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Accounting for settlements of the enterprise (with suppliers, buyers, customers, contractors, etc.).

Analytics and relationships

So, the price of any product includes VAT and excise taxes, which also show the potential of the taxation system. In addition, one can draw conclusions about the need to expand or reduce the range of goods on which it is necessary to introduce (or eliminate) excise taxes.

Currently excisable goods:

• ethanol;
• products in which ethyl alcohol is present in a concentration of 9% or more;
• alcoholic goods;
• beer;
• products containing tobacco;
• personal cars;
• motorcycles with an engine power of 150 horsepower or more;
• gasoline for cars;
• diesel;
• motor oils;
• straight-run fuel.

For all these categories of goods, excise taxes and VAT are sufficiently significant to guarantee the budget annual receipts of a fairly large amount of funds.

Innovations in the list of excisable goods in 2020

Since 01/01/2020, the government has made changes and additions to the list of excisable goods.

Added to the list

The composition included the following products and goods:

1. Any electronic cigarettes, not just disposable ones.
2. Devices for heating tobacco to generate steam
3. Grapes, for the production of various wines.
4. Beer with strength up to 0.5 g.
5. Must made from grapes and fruits.

Delisted

From April 1, 2021, the excise tax on dark marine fuel is excluded from the list of goods. There will be no excise tax charged on it and the procedure for applying deductions in transactions with these products will be simplified.

It was - it became

It is known that previously cigarettes and raw ethyl alcohol were not included in the number of excisable goods. Amendments in this regard to the law were made not so long ago. Revenue, VAT, and excise taxes on these product categories have become similar to other alcohol, automobile, and tobacco-containing products. By the way, motorcycles were also included in the list of excisable goods not so long ago.

However, not everything is so simple. Analytics assessing revenue, VAT and excise taxes have allowed economists to promote the idea of ​​excluding certain categories of goods from the list of excisable goods. So, jewelry and some categories of fuel made from gas and oil were brought from here. These changes caused some dissatisfaction on the part of local officials, as they reduced budget revenues. If we talk about quantitative expression, the exclusion of these items from the number of excisable items in St. Petersburg alone reduced tax revenues by 7.5%. For the entire country, the figure fell by an average of 2.5%.

These losses were partially compensated by including household chemicals, perfumes, and products containing alcohol in the excise list. The rules apply to products supplied to the market in metal packaging equipped with an aerosol.

Why are excise taxes needed?

States are interested in the receipt of excess profits into the treasury, which can be brought by popular and necessary goods and products for the population.

When determining the group of goods subject to excise taxes, government authorities take into account that:

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• these products are highly profitable for manufacturers;
• have reduced production costs;
• are easily determined and bring great profit to the budget.

Important! Excise tax is imposed on socially significant and popular goods that are in high consumer demand among the population and generate high income.

List of excisable goods

The entire list of goods can be divided into two types:

1. Products covered by excise stamps related to:

• alcohol-containing products;
• alcoholic products such as liquor, wine (Who is a winemaker?) and other products;
• tobacco products and goods containing it.

1. Products not subject to labeling such as

• natural gas;
• motor and straight-run gasoline;
• cars;
• powerful motorcycles;
• aviation kerosene;
• diesel fuel and motor oils for engines.

1. The following goods containing alcohol are not subject to excise duty:

• medicines, veterinary preparations that have passed state registration;
• medicines (including homeopathy) prepared according to prescriptions in pharmacies;
• alcohol-based perfumery, cosmetics and household chemicals in the form of metal aerosol packaging;
• beer wort.

Important! Changes and additions to the list of excisable goods may be made by government decision in connection with the current economic situation in the country.

Avoided the attention of tax authorities

Some types of products are not subject to excise taxes, despite the presence of alcohol among the components. However, excise taxes are not levied only if certain conditions are met. For example, drugs produced on an alcohol basis find themselves in such a special situation.

An individual approach from tax laws is also applied to veterinary products that contain alcohol. Also, cosmetic and perfumery products are mostly not subject to excise taxes. All of the listed categories avoid excise taxation only if the manufacturer has taken care of state registration of the product. In addition, there are requirements for packaging: containers must meet standards accepted at the state level.

Whose wallet is suffering?

Who must pay excise tax? By law, this responsibility falls on enterprises and entrepreneurs producing goods or transporting them across the Russian state border. But separate divisions and other similar structural units do not have to pay taxes on their own; they only take on the responsibility of transferring money from the head office to the local tax office.

If a certain entrepreneur or enterprise has been included in the list of excise tax payers, they must first analyze their business activities. Does it contain an object on which excise taxes are charged? If there is one, tax will have to be paid. If there are no products on the excise list, you do not need to pay anything until a product justifying the deduction appears.

Tax Code and the object of taxation

From the main collection of tax laws in Russia it follows that the object of excise taxation is such transactions in which goods that are legally subject to excise taxes take part.

In economic sciences, these business transactions are usually divided into groups to simplify the preparation of analytics. Existing division:

• operations with oil and its products;
• transactions with other goods subject to excise taxes.

This division is based on the introduction of a specialized procedure for calculating taxes on oil and products made from it.

Operations: what will you have to account for?

Excise taxes will have to be paid when carrying out a number of transactions with goods included in the state list (the main categories included in it are listed above). These operations primarily include implementation. Transactions concluded on the territory of Russia are considered, with one of the parties being a manufacturer of excisable products. The law interprets the concept of “sale” not only as a sale, but also as a transaction on a gratuitous basis, as well as the transfer of a product, in response to which the manufacturer receives compensation and innovation. Payment in kind can be used as “payment” for sales.

Taxes will also be imposed on transactions carried out within the state borders of Russia with goods subject to excise taxation, if they were made from raw materials supplied by customers and then transferred to the person who provided these raw materials. If the manufacturer retains a percentage of the products produced as compensation for manufacturing services, the transaction is also subject to excise tax.

Standard transactions for excise taxes

Sale

In the case of the sale of excisable goods, there can be two variants of postings: Dt 90/4 (or 91/2) Kt 68 and Dt 19 Kt 68 - the excise tax is reflected on the sale of excisable goods. Account 91/2 is used when transferring the corresponding product free of charge, for example, during an advertising campaign.

How to fill out a declaration on excise taxes on diesel fuel ?

The first entry is relevant if the excise tax is presented to the buyer. Account 68 here corresponds to the revenue account from the sale of the corresponding product. If the buyer is not charged excise tax, the second entry is applied.

Let us explain with a hypothetical example. A manufacturer of alcoholic beverages sold a batch to a wholesaler for the amount of 30,000 rubles, incl. VAT. Excise tax of 5125 rubles was charged on sold products. 30000/1.2 = 25000 rub. 30000 – 25000 = 5000 rub.

Postings:

• Dt 62 Kt 90/1 30,000 rub. – revenue from sales is recorded.
• Dt 90/3 Kt 68/VAT 5000 rub. – VAT on revenue is reflected.
• Dt 90/4 Kt 68/calculation of excise taxes 5125 rub. – excise tax is charged on the sale of alcohol.

Excise taxes presented to the buyer for payment are not taken into account for profit tax purposes (letter of the Ministry of Finance No. 03-07-06/59 dated 9/03/11).

Another example. The seller, who has a certificate for the production of straight-run gasoline, sells it for processing to another company that also has a certificate for processing. Products sold for 960,000 rubles, incl. VAT. An excise tax of 588,800 rubles was charged on products sold. 960,000/1.2 = 800,000 rubles. 960000 – 800000 = 160000 rub.

Postings:

• Dt 62 Kt 90/1 960000 rub. – revenue from sales is recorded.
• Dt 90/3 Kt 68/VAT 160,000 rub. – VAT on revenue is reflected.
• Dt 19/excise taxes Kt 68/calculations for excise taxes 588800 rub. – excise tax is charged on the sale of raw materials.
• Dt 68/calculation of excise taxes Kt 19/excise taxes 588,800 rub. – excise tax is accepted for deduction by the seller according to invoices.

Excise duty is always charged on the day of shipment, even if the contract states that the buyer acquires ownership at the time of payment. According to the general rule (this applies, for example, in relation to VAT), the day of shipment is considered the day the first document is issued to the buyer. Excise tax on unpaid but shipped products can be recorded by posting Dt 76 Kt 68/excise tax calculations, with the opening of a separate account on account 76. After the transfer of ownership, account 76 is credited: Dt 90/4 Kt 76.

And what else?

Tax will have to be paid if the organization transfers manufactured products, officially presenting them as raw materials for the subsequent production of goods not subject to excise duty. You will also have to pay a contribution to the budget in the case where the excisable product was manufactured by the company and transferred to the consumer without paying the cost, but under the contract the consumer is obliged to pay for processing.

If goods are transferred for own needs and internal use, the products are also subject to excise taxes, as well as the transfer of goods as contributions to the authorized capital of a third legal entity.

The procedure for calculating and crediting excise duty using examples

Excise taxes | Excise rates

Example 1

The numbers are conditional.
The plant produces vodka, the strength of vodka is 40 degrees. For its production, in May 2000, the company purchased ethyl alcohol from food raw materials from a supplier in the amount of 3000 liters at a price of 62.4 rubles. for 1 liter (including excise tax 12 rubles, VAT 10.4 rubles) for a total amount of 187,200 rubles, including excise tax - 36,000 rubles, VAT - 31,200 rubles. The cost of alcohol was paid to the supplier in full. 2000 liters of alcohol were written off for production, which was processed into vodka products. In May, 10,000 bottles of vodka with a capacity of 0.5 liters were produced and on May 15 the entire batch was shipped for export by the manufacturer itself. Let’s assume that other costs for the production of vodka (salaries, salary accruals, transportation costs, etc.) amounted to 50,000 rubles. Let’s assume that the selling price of one bottle of vodka without excise tax is 20 rubles. Then the cost of the entire batch will be: 10,000 bottles. x 20 rub. = 200,000 rub. The excise tax rate on alcoholic products with a volume fraction of ethyl alcohol over 25% is 84 rubles. for 1 liter of anhydrous ethyl alcohol contained in excisable goods, i.e. in vodka (Article 4 of Law No. 1993-1 as amended by Law No. 2-FZ dated January 2, 2000). To determine the amount of excise tax on shipped vodka, it is necessary to determine how much pure alcohol is contained in the released batch: 1) find the volume of released vodka in physical terms: 10,000 bottles. * 0.5 l = 5000 l 2) the amount of pure alcohol contained in 5000 l of vodka will be: 5000 l * 40% / 100% = 2000 l Now we determine the amount of excise tax to be charged to the budget on shipped products: 2000 l * 84 rubles ./l = 168,000 rub. Since vodka was shipped for export on May 15, 2000, excise tax must be paid to the budget no later than June 30, 2000. Due to the fact that the excise tax on purchased alcohol was paid to the supplier in the month of May, i.e. before the deadline for paying excise tax to the budget, then the enterprise has the right to deduct from the amount of excise tax accrued on sales proceeds the excise tax paid to the supplier, but only in the amount that falls on the raw materials actually used in the production of excisable products, i.e. in the amount of 24,000 rubles. (2000 l * 36,000 rub. / 3000 l or 2000 l * 12 rub.). Thus, the excise tax payable to the budget for the month of May will be: 168,000 rubles. — 24,000 rub. = 144,000 rub. To simplify the example, let’s assume that revenue for tax purposes is determined by shipment; there were no remaining unsold products or alcohol at the beginning of the month. Due to the fact that the products are exported, VAT will not be included in the price of vodka (contract price), since exported products are exempt from VAT on the basis of subparagraph "a" clause 1 of article 5 of the Law of the Russian Federation dated 06.12.91 N 1992-1 “On VAT”. The excise tax will also not be included in the contract price, since the Law “On Excise Duties” provides for the reimbursement of excise tax paid to the budget after confirmation of the fact of export of vodka. Thus, account 46 will reflect the proceeds from the sale of vodka without VAT and excise duty, and the accrual of excise duty on revenue in this case, in our opinion, can be reflected in settlement accounts, for example, on account 76 the “Excise” subaccount. The following entries should be made in accounting: in the month of May 1) Dt.10 - Kt.60 - 120,000 rubles. — the received alcohol is capitalized according to the supplier’s invoice; 2) Dt.19/subaccount “Excise taxes” - Kt.60 - 36,000 rubles. — the excise tax on capitalized alcohol is reflected (clause 16 of Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated November 12, 1996 N 96 “On the procedure for reflecting in accounting certain transactions related to value added tax and excise taxes”); 3) Dt.19/subaccount “VAT” - Kt.60 - 31,200 rubles. — reflected VAT on capitalized alcohol (clause 1 of Letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 96); 4) Dt.60 - Kt.51 - 187,200 rubles. — payment was made to the supplier for the purchased alcohol; 5) Dt.20 - Dt.10 - 80,000 rub. (120,000 rubles * 2000 l / 3000 l or 2000 l * 40 rubles) - alcohol was written off for the production of products (vodka); 6) Dt.20 - Kt.70, 69, 76, etc. - 50,000 rubles - the costs of production are reflected; 7) Dt.40 - Kt.20 - 130,000 rub. — finished products (vodka) were credited to the enterprise warehouse at the cost of production (cost); Dt.62 - Kt.46 - 200,000 rubles. — sales of products (vodka) for export are reflected; 9) Dt.76/sub-account “Excise taxes” - Kt.68/sub-account “Excise taxes” - 168,000 rubles. — excise tax is charged at the time of shipment of vodka for export; 10) Dt.46 - Kt.40 - 130,000 rub. — the cost of products sold for export was written off; 11) Dt.68/"Excise taxes" - Kt.19 "Excise taxes" - 24,000 rubles. — reflects the excise tax on alcohol used in the production of vodka and paid to the supplier before the deadline for paying the excise tax to the budget (until 06/30/2000).

in the month of June 12) Dt.68/"Excise taxes" - Kt.51 - 144,000 rubles. (168,000 rubles - 24,000 rubles) - 06/30/2000 excise tax was transferred to the budget; When money is received from a foreign company for sold vodka, the following entries are made in accounting: 13) Dt.52 - Kt.62 - 200,000 rubles - money received from a foreign buyer for sold vodka; 14) Dt.76/sub-account “Excise taxes” - Kt.68/sub-account “Excise taxes” - 168,000 rubles. (entry in red) - the excise tax accrued at the time of shipment of vodka for export has been reversed. The posting is made in the reporting period when all documents confirming the export of vodka are submitted to the tax office (see the list of documents below); 15) Dt.51 - Kt.68 - 168,000 rubles. — the amount of excise tax was returned to the company’s current account: 144,000 rubles. - in accordance with clause 6.2 of Instruction No. 47, 24,000 rubles. - in accordance with clause 6.4 of Instruction No. 47. End of example.

As already mentioned, if the fact of export of excisable goods is confirmed before the deadline for payment of excise taxes on the shipped goods, then in this case the amount of excise tax accrued at the time of shipment of these goods is deducted from the accrued amount in the reporting period when documents confirming the real export (clause 6.1 of Instruction No. 47).

Accounting entries for excise taxes

VAT: let's take a closer look

This type of tax is also indirect and is included in the price of the goods paid by the buyer. Payers for this category of tax deductions are enterprises, entrepreneurs, as well as those who transport goods across the Russian state border.

VAT can be charged only when goods are transferred (services are provided, work is performed) within the state borders of Russia, and the buyer is active in the country. In order for the procedure to be legal and correct, it is accompanied by documentation confirming exactly where the goods were sold, services were provided, and work was performed. Such official confirmation is provided by concluded contracts, checks and other documents, from which it follows that the services have been provided and the work has been completed.

VAT: basic concepts

The Tax Code talks about what the tax base for calculating VAT is in article number 40. It follows from it that to calculate taxes, they take the cost of a product, service or work, subtracting the amount of excise taxes from it. The value is taken as the value that both parties to the transaction indicate in the documents accompanying the transaction.

If it is necessary to sell a product whose price already includes VAT, then to calculate the tax base, the market price of the product is identified and the residual value is subtracted from it, revaluing the positions in the process of accounting calculations.